RU2804312C1 - Explosive experimental complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: safety equipment for handling explosives (HE) and explosive devices (ED), in particular complexes for multiple detonations when testing HE and ED charges for suitability for explosion. The purpose of the explosive experimental complex (EEC) is to conduct experimental explosions as part of the production of explosive expertise and research. The complex is equipped with two explosion-proof chambers (EPC) of two standard sizes and a mobile exhaust canopy to remove toxic explosion products. Both EPCs are made with a cylindrical power body and flat end caps that are attached to the body flanges with the help of annular bandages and are made of two halves fastened with bolted joints. The larger size EPC is equipped with a fitting closed by a two-way valve for smooth release of the excess pressure of the explosion products after the triggering of the detonation object and for monitoring the gas pressure in the chamber cavity. Swivel brackets are installed on the chamber frame to move the covers in a horizontal plane, niches are made in the covers to accommodate the means of detonation - an electric detonator, and closing holes in the body for sealed input units of electric wires for detonation and visual inspection of the chamber cavity using an electronic video endoscope.

EFFECT: expansion of the functionality and increase of operational capabilities.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to means of ensuring safety when handling explosives (HE) and explosive devices (ED), in particular to complexes for multiple explosions when testing the suitability of explosive and explosive charges for explosion. The purpose of the explosive experimental complex (EEC) is to conduct experimental explosions as part of the production of explosive examinations and research.

Complexes for similar purposes are known from the prior art.

For example, a complex for explosion tests according to patent CN207163950 (published March 30, 2018), including a reusable horizontal container with an air intake and exhaust system installed on a support; an optical window is made in the cylindrical part of the body for visualization and identification of unexploded objects. This technical solution cannot be used as a small-sized structure for repeated detonations of fragmentation explosive devices; it is quite difficult to operate and requires materials, which is a significant drawback.

The complex for explosive tests according to patent CN214097233 (published on August 31, 2021), which includes a reusable vertical container, the internal cavity of which is equipped with a support for placing blasting objects with the ability to adjust in height, does not provide resistance of the power housing to fragmentation and full access to its internal cavity , which significantly reduces the functionality of the complex.

A well-known complex for experimental testing of explosive devices according to patent RU2443971 (published on February 27, 2012, the patent holder of the Russian Federation represented by the State Corporation Rosatom and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise RFNC-VNIIEF), containing an explosion-proof chamber (EPC), made in the form of a sealed power container, which is made with the possibility of placing two explosive devices, each with its own sets of measuring sensors, blasting line cables and measuring techniques.

The disadvantage of the known device is the technical complexity of carrying out multiple explosions, replacing worn-out internal elements, and the comparatively high cost of experimental testing of an explosive device. This technical solution cannot be used as a small-sized structure for repeated detonations of fragmentation explosive devices; it is quite difficult to operate and requires materials, which is a significant drawback.

The closest analogue in terms of the problem to be solved and the number of similar features to a new result of intellectual activity is the complex for the patent for invention RU 2698372 (published on August 26, 2019 “Vacuum explosive complex”, applicant LLC “Forensic Technology”). The complex according to patent RU 2698372 is used for multiple explosions when testing for suitability for explosion or destruction of explosives and unsheathed explosive devices with a maximum permissible mass of explosives up to 200 g in TNT equivalent (with the creation of a vacuum), shelled ammunition and explosive devices with a shell thickness of up to 2 mm and explosive mass up to 140 g in TNT equivalent (grenades of types RGD-5, RGD-33, M-39, M-34) using additional replaceable shells (with the creation of a vacuum), initiation means with a maximum mass of initiating and high explosive equipment up to 2 g TNT equivalent. The complex includes a technological table, on the tabletop of which there is a horizontal vacuum chamber, the internal cavity of which is equipped with elements for placing blasting objects. To fasten the convex end caps to the body of the vacuum chamber, hinged bolts with nuts are used. The complex includes a vertical small explosion chamber with replaceable screw-on covers for different fuses, in which holes are made for installing electric detonators (ED). To connect the wires to the contacts, the ED is lowered into the hole of the cover mounted on a small chamber, which is placed in the cavity of the vacuum chamber, and then, after connection, the ED is removed from the small chamber. This operation is necessary to protect against fragments in the event that the ED is triggered by static electricity. In the cabinet of the technological table there is a vacuum system with a pump, a system of hoses with valves, which is designed to create a vacuum of air in the cavity of the vacuum chamber. The complex is equipped with a control unit with a detonation circuit.

The main requirements for the design of a reusable VZK are: complete damping of the shock wave pressure pulse from explosion products; maintaining the integrity of the structure and a given degree of tightness under the influence of impulse and quasi-static loads, fragments and other explosion factors; preventing the hazardous impact of an explosion on the environment. Mandatory requirements also include the convenience and safety of operation of the VZK, including such types of work as placing an explosive object in the VZK and removing it from it; loading, transportation and unloading of VZK; carrying out explosions in it, the gaseous products of which create excess pressure in the VZK cavity; bleeding of gases (CO, CO2, NO and others) from the VZK, containing harmful and toxic substances in the form of impurities and aerosols; ventilation and cleaning of the IBD cavity; flaw detection (if necessary); replacement of worn-out elements and some other types of work. The requirement for the material of the power body is to ensure its cyclic strength.

The listed requirements are partially met in the closest analogue.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the expansion of functional and operational capabilities.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the explosive experimental complex, including a horizontal explosion-proof chamber with end covers and an internal cavity equipped with elements for accommodating the blasting object, and a detonation circuit with a detonation means, includes new features, namely: the complex is equipped with another explosion-proof a chamber of a smaller standard size, and a mobile exhaust canopy for removing toxic explosion products, a smaller chamber is designed in the same way as a larger standard size chamber - with a cylindrical power housing and flat end removable covers, which are attached to the housing flanges using ring bands made of two half-rings fastened with bolted joints, a larger chamber is equipped with a fitting, closed by a two-way valve, to relieve excess pressure of explosion products after the explosion object is triggered and to monitor the gas pressure in the chamber cavity, as well as visual inspection of the cavity and the object of study using an electronic video endoscope, At the same time, rotary brackets are installed on the chamber frame to move the massive covers in a horizontal plane, niches are made in the covers to accommodate the means of detonation (electric detonator), and in the body there are closable openings for sealed input units for electric detonation wires.

VZK of two standard sizes - small and large VZK, included in the VZK, are designed to localize the damaging factors of an explosion in a closed volume of the VZK when conducting explosion technical examinations and studies of various explosive devices.

For the VZK included in the VEC, a design and layout diagram of the power housing was chosen, consisting of a cylindrical body and flat bottoms - removable covers installed on the ends of the housing. This scheme allows, with the covers removed, to provide access to the entire internal space of the cylindrical body, for example, to equip it with replaceable elements, fasten technological equipment, or install an object into the chamber cavity. The covers are attached to the body flanges using a covering band (yoke connection), consisting of two half-rings of a U-shaped section, fastened with bolted connections. This method of attaching the covers to the body ensures their reliable connection and ease of use when opening and closing. Both cameras are equipped with replaceable anti-fragmentation protection.

The vacuum system available in the analogue is not used in the claimed invention, since the implemented strength properties of the chambers allow detonation of explosive and explosive charges without vacuuming, which simplifies the preparation of an explosive test and reduces the time of its implementation, providing improved operational capabilities.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the VEC.

In fig. 2, 3 - design and layout diagram of the VZK-200GR, where: 1 - cylindrical body, 2 - cover; 3 - yoke; 4 - swivel bracket; 5 - closing holes; 6 - valve block; 7 - clip; 8 - replaceable protective screens; 9 - niche for placing ED; 10 - bed; 11 - pressure sensor; 12 - grounding bolt.

In fig. 4, 5 - options for installing VZK-5GR on a desktop.

In fig. 6 - mobile exhaust canopy.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed device can be a VEC for carrying out experimental explosions as part of explosive technical examinations and research in order to establish the suitability for explosion of explosive charges, ammunition and explosive devices, with the exception of explosive charges, ammunition and explosive devices of cumulative action.

The VEC (Fig. 1, item 1) includes the following components:

- small explosion chamber VZK-5GR (Fig. 2, item 2), technological base (table) (Fig. 2, item 3) and a set of spare parts ZIP-0-5GR (Fig. 2, item 4);

- large explosion chamber VZK-200GR (Fig. 2, item 5), technological base (table) (Fig. 2, item 6) and a set of spare parts ZIP-O-200GR (Fig. 2, item 7);

- a mobile exhaust canopy (Fig. 2, item 8) for removing toxic explosion products, which includes a hood in the form of a rectangular socket with a cylindrical outlet pipe, installed on a frame equipped with rotary locking wheels;

- a set of sealed adapters for the VZK-200GR (Fig. 2, item 9) contains spare sealed adapters in the quantity necessary for operating the chambers during the designated service life - 1000 blasts;

- a set of accessories for the VZK-200GR (Fig. 2, item 10) is intended for mounting the pressure sensor Piezus Octo 3420-G-S-4000-C-201-F-00, necessary for monitoring the pressure inside the VZK-200GR after the blasting object is triggered;

- a set of shelves for VZK-200GR (Fig. 2, item 11) is intended for positioning the blasting object;

- capacitor explosive device type KVP-4/100 (Fig. 2, item 12) is designed to power the detonation circuit, including for initiating electric detonators of the ED-8, EDP and similar types, as well as checking the integrity of the detonation circuit;

- electronic endoscope IRIS/46-100 (Fig. 2, item 13) is intended for examining the internal space of the VZK-200GR through special diagnostic holes, without opening the chamber cover;

- a set of tools (Fig. 2, item 14) for installation work;

- a blasting circuit consisting of a pair of wires brand SPP-1 (or its analogue) (Fig. 2, item 15) and a door switch (Fig. 2, item 16) to ensure safety during blasting operations;

- torque wrenches with controlled tightening force ranges for bolted connections of 5-25 Nm (Fig. 2, item 17) and 70 - 340 Nm (Fig. 2, item 18).

The power circuits of the chambers (cases, covers, yokes) are made of alloy steels, such as steel 20, 09G2S, 10G2FBU, pipe steel with a strength class of at least K60, which have increased strength, energy capacity under load, thermal and corrosion resistance.

The operational characteristics of the cameras allow the entire cycle of preparation for detonation and the detonation of the studied explosive devices to be carried out manually by one specialist (operator).

The application of VEC is as follows.

VZK-200GR (Fig. 2, 3) is intended for multiple explosions of structurally designed explosive and explosive charges without a fragmentation case with an explosive charge mass of no more than 200 g in the fuel cell, fragmentation grenades F-1, RGD-5, RGD-33, RG -42, M-39, M-24, RGN, RGO and other fragmentation grenades and fragmentation explosive devices with an explosive equipment mass of no more than 140 g in the fuel cell, with the exception of ammunition and explosive explosive devices of cumulative action.

The device is designed as follows.

VZK-200GR consists of a cylindrical body (item 1 fig. 2) and flat removable covers (item 2 fig. 2) installed at the ends. The detonation object is placed in the internal cavity of the VZK in the center of the cage (item 7 of Fig. 2). The covers are attached to the housing flanges through a sealing gasket using yokes (item 3 of Fig. 2), two niches (item 9 of Fig. 2) place the means of initiation (ED) of the explosive charge before installing it on the blasting object.

To ensure the possibility of servicing the camera by one operator, without the use of additional mechanisms, the VZK-200GR covers move in a horizontal plane on rotary brackets (item 4 of Fig. 2) mounted on the frame (item 10 of Fig. 2); Foam stops are provided to hold the yokes in the raised position when the yoke is locked.

In the cylindrical body of the chamber there are four closable openings (item 5 of Fig. 2) (two each on the left and right sides of the body, when viewed from the end of the chamber), into two of which sealed input units for the electrical wires of the blasting (hermetic bushings) are installed, and in one there is a ball valve for quickly releasing the pressure of explosion products, and in the remaining one a plug is installed and after its removal a safe visual inspection of failed blast objects is carried out using an electronic endoscope.

Technical characteristics of the VZK-200GR camera are given in Table 1.

VZK-5GR (Fig. 4, 5) is intended for repeated detonations of initiation means (electric igniters (EV), ED, detonator caps (CD)), fuses of hand grenades (types UZRG, UZRGM, UDZ, Koveshnikov), fuses of hand grenades (types UZRG, UZRGM, UDZ, Koveshnikov), fuses of hand grenades ( RGD-33, RPG-40), safety trigger mechanisms such as U-515, U-517, as well as fuses of imitation pyrotechnic grenades (SIPG) of various modifications, artillery round fuses, mine fuses and other explosive devices with a total charge mass, taking into account high explosives and initiating explosives no more than 5 g in TNT equivalent (TE) in a housing that produces fragments.

The VZK-5GR device is designed in such a way that it allows detonation of explosive devices remotely in three different versions:

- option No. 1: testing a device in which its design provides for electrical start by applying voltage to the ends of its terminals;

- option No. 2: testing of auxiliary devices actuated by removing safety pins (cotter pins);

- option No. 3: testing explosive devices driven by an additional electric detonator installed in contact with the explosive charge being tested or in the explosive mass on a witness plate inside the chamber.

Technical characteristics of VZK-5GR are given in Table 2.

The mobile exhaust canopy (Fig. 6) is designed for installation above explosion chambers in order to effectively remove toxic explosion products from the working area after testing.

The tests carried out have shown that the proposed VSC fully corresponds to its purpose, and the designs of the VSC included in its composition ensure the fulfillment of the stated requirements for reusable VSC designs.

The proposed VEC can be used for testing explosive and explosive charges in specialized explosion-technical centers, when carrying out experimental work with explosive objects, for disassembling and destroying explosive devices.

Claims (1)

Explosive experimental complex, including a horizontal explosion-proof chamber with end covers and an internal cavity equipped with elements for accommodating the blasting object, and a detonation chain with a means of detonation, characterized in that the complex is equipped with another explosion-proof chamber of a smaller standard size, and a mobile exhaust canopy for removal toxic explosion products, the smaller chamber is designed in the same way as the larger chamber - with a cylindrical power housing and flat end removable covers, which are attached to the housing flanges using ring bands and made of two halves, fastened with bolted joints; the larger chamber is equipped with a fitting, closed by a two-way valve, for smoothly releasing excess pressure of the explosion products after the detonation object is triggered and monitoring the gas pressure in the chamber cavity, while rotary brackets are installed on the chamber frame to move the covers in a horizontal plane, niches are made in the covers to accommodate blasting means, and in the housing there are closable openings for sealed input units for electric detonation wires and visual inspection of the chamber cavity using an electronic video endoscope.

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