RU2337311C2 - Implosion protection chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: defence technology.

SUBSTANCE: chamber contains casing consisting of cylindrical part and two elliptic bottoms. Cylindrical part of casing consists of two coaxial metal pipes with interspace filled with concrete. Internal pipe from cavity is supported by rings and edges. Front bottom contains necked feeding hole. Back bottom has formed necked hole along chamber axis pressure-sealed on inside with load-bearing metal stopper with bolts and closure elements in stopper grooves and on outside with cover with bolts and closure elements in cover grooves. Both bottoms have formed holes for straight-way operating elements covered on inside with armoured hoods.

EFFECT: provides reliable localisation of implosion products meeting environmental safety requirements.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to explosive technology and can be used to ensure safety during transportation, liquidation and experimental testing of explosive devices with an energy release of up to 40 kg of fuel cells, which may include environmentally hazardous highly toxic substances.

Known blast chamber with a protective screen, designed for explosive processing of products (AS USSR No. 1064740, class F42D 5/00, publ. 01.20.95, BI No. 2).

The camera contains a power shell, including a movable cylindrical case with a bottom, a cover with a lock, a movement mechanism that provides butt flange connection (separation) of the cover with the case, a sealing element between the mating surfaces of the flanges of the cover and the case, removable sections of the protective screen, a desktop located inside cylindrical body. Each section of the protective screen is composed of plates with different acoustic stiffness and is fixed by shock-absorbing-damping nodes to the inner surface of the power shell.

The disadvantages of this camera are:

1) unreliable method of sealing the flange connection of the cover with the housing. Under the influence of an explosive dynamic load, deformation of the components of the shell occurs, at the same time, the joint can open, which worsens the working conditions of the sealing element and, as a result, the explosion products can break through into the environment, which does not allow using this camera to detonate explosive devices in it which include environmentally hazardous highly toxic substances;

2) the range of use of the camera is limited, it cannot be used for experimental testing of explosive devices that require a significant number of passage elements in the camera shell to transmit information about the operation of the explosive device. The presence of passage elements will lead to a change in the shape of the chamber, the design of the sections of the protective screen and the nature of the operation of the main parts of the chamber when exposed to explosive dynamic load;

3) there is a complicated method of connecting (disconnecting) the cover with the body, requiring a special movement mechanism and a lock, while loading an explosive device onto the desktop is possible only from above or from the sides of the camera, which is not always acceptable in conditions of limited access to the camera.

An explosion-proof chamber is also known, designed to ensure safety during transportation, liquidation and experimental testing of explosive devices with an energy release of up to 25 kg of TNT, which may include environmentally hazardous highly toxic substances (patent RU No. 2228515 C2, F42D 5/04, F42B 39/00 , publ. 10.05.2004, Bull. No. 13).

The explosion-proof chamber contains a cylindrical metal multilayer body with two bottoms, one of which has a feed opening with a neck. The cylindrical metal case is made of two coaxially arranged pipes, the space between which is filled with concrete. The bottom with a loading hole and a neck is made flat in the form of a metal plate finned on both sides with holes between the ribs for passage elements for operational use. The feed opening with the neck is hermetically sealed from the inside by a convex power metal cover using a sealing element located between the plate and the power cover. The power cover is pivotally connected to the bottom plate with a bracket and in the closed position is bolted to it from the outside of the plate. Outside, the feed opening with the neck is sealed by a lid with bolts and sealing elements located in the grooves made in the lid. The openings for passage elements for operational use are closed from the inside by armored caps. The second bottom is also made flat in the form of a metal plate finned on both sides and reinforced with a layer of concrete and a metal sheet from the inside. On the inner tube of the cylindrical body from the bottom with a loading hole and a neck, a ring and kerchiefs are installed located between the ring and the bottom. The outer tube of the body has rings and ribs. On the inner surfaces of the casing, the metal sheet of the bottom and the power cover there is a splinter protection made in the form of layers of a metal mesh. In the upper part of the cylindrical body, a beam with a carriage is longitudinally installed inside.

This camera is taken as a prototype, as the closest in technical essence to the claimed one.

The disadvantages of this camera are:

1) insufficient explosion resistance of the chamber to 25 kg of TNT, which narrows the type of explosive devices to be transported, eliminated, and tested;

2) the presence of a blind rear bottom reduces the functional purpose of the camera, for example, installation and control of the relative position of the explosive device and equipment placed in the camera relative to equipment placed outside the camera is greatly complicated, which, in particular, during experimental testing of explosive devices leads to a decrease accuracy of measurements;

3) the presence of flat bottoms, reinforced with ribs, requires a large number of welds and a special technology for welding, while reducing the reliability of the structure and the specific bearing capacity of the chamber, defined as the ratio of the value of explosion resistance to the mass of the chamber.

The technical problem to be solved is the creation of an explosion-proof chamber of a wide range of applications, in particular, simplification of installation and control of the relative position of the explosive device and equipment placed in the chamber with respect to equipment placed outside the chamber, which has an increased specific load-bearing capacity, capable of withstanding the explosion of explosive devices in it with energy release of up to 40 kg of TNT, which may include environmentally hazardous highly toxic substances, while ensuring reliable localization продуктов explosion products without entering their environment in hazardous concentrations.

The stated technical problem is solved in that in an explosion-proof chamber containing a cylindrical metal multilayer body made of two coaxially arranged pipes, the space between which is filled with concrete; two bottoms, one of which has a loading hole with a neck, hermetically sealed from the inside by a convex power metal cover using a sealing element located between the plate and the power cover, while the power cover is pivotally connected to the bottom plate with a bracket and is fixed to it in the closed position bolts on the outside of the plate, on the outside the feed opening with the neck is closed hermetically by a lid with the help of bolts and sealing elements located in the grooves made in the lid, also holes are made in the bottom for passage elements for operational use, which are covered by armored caps from the inside, the second, rear, bottom is reinforced from the inside by a layer of concrete and a metal sheet; ballistic protection made of layers of metal mesh and installed on the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the body, the metal sheet of the bottom and the convex power metal cover; beams with a carriage mounted longitudinally in the upper part of the cylindrical body — the inner tube of the body from the cavity side is supported by rings and ribs, the camera bottoms are elliptical in shape with the outer height of the convex part of the bottom Н = 0.25D, where D is the outside diameter of the bottom, and with a wall thickness to D ratio of 0.04 to 0.06, a hole with a neck is made in the rear bottom along the chamber axis, which is sealed from the inside with a power metal plug using bolts and sealing elements located in the plug grooves, on the outside, with a cover using bolts and sealing elements located in the grooves of the cover, also in the bottom area, not supported by a concrete layer and a metal sheet, openings were made for passage elements for operational purposes, covered from the inside with armored caps.

The reinforcement of the inner tube of the chamber from the cavity side by rings and ribs, as well as the implementation of the bottoms of the chamber of an elliptical shape with an elliptical height H = 0.25D and a wall thickness to D ratio of 0.04 to 0.06, allows to increase the design reliability and size specific bearing capacity of the camera.

An opening in the rear bottom along the chamber axis with a neck closed hermetically from the inside by a power metal plug and by a lid from the outside improves the operating conditions of the camera when used as intended, namely:

- provides visual alignment and control of the relative position of the camera and placed inside and outside the camera products;

- simplifies the process of mounting products placed in the chamber;

- the accuracy of the measurements is increased.

The implementation in the rear bottom of the required number of holes for passage elements for operational use, covered from the inside by armored caps, allows you to place the required number of operational equipment inside the chamber, controlled from the outside, which increases the information content of the experiment.

Figure 1 shows the design of the explosion-proof chamber, figure 2 is a cross section.

The chamber has a housing 1, consisting of a cylindrical part and two elliptical bottoms 2 and 3. The cylindrical part of the housing consists of two coaxially arranged metal pipes 4 and 5, the space between which is filled with concrete 6. The pipe 5 is internally reinforced with rings 7 and ribs 8. The bottom 2 reinforced from the inside of the chamber by a layer of concrete 9 and a metal sheet 10. The bottom 2 has a hole along the axis of the chamber with a neck 11. The hole is hermetically closed from the inside of the chamber by a power metal plug 12 using bolts 13 and sealing elements 14, it is installed the plugs 12 installed in three grooves. Outside, the neck 11 is sealed by a cover 15 with bolts 16 and sealing elements 17 installed in two grooves of the cover 15. In the area of the bottom 2, not supported by a concrete layer 9 and metal sheet 10, openings for passage elements are made operational purpose, covered from the inside by armored caps 18. The bottom 3 has a loading hole with a neck 19. The loading hole is closed tightly from the inside by a convex power metal cover 20. Between the cover 20 and the plate 21 of the bottom 3 is installed sealing element 22. The cover 20 is pivotally connected to the plate 21 by means of an arm 23. The cover 20 is fastened to the plate 21 by bolts 24. Outside, the neck 19 is sealed by a cover 25 by means of bolts 26. Sealing elements 27 are installed in two grooves of the cover 25. In the bottom 3 holes are made for passage elements for operational purposes, covered from the inside by armored caps 18. The inner surfaces of the cylindrical part of the housing 1, the metal sheet 10 and the cover 12 are lined with anti-shatter protection 28, made in the form of oy metal mesh. The camera has a beam 29 with a carriage 30 longitudinally mounted in the upper part of the cavity.

For a 40 kg TNT explosion-proof chamber based on explosive experiments to study the behavior of the main structural structural elements, the thickness of elliptical bottoms made of 09G2S steel was recommended, while the outer diameter D of the elliptical bottoms was chosen to be 1660 mm, respectively, the height of the elliptical part H was 415 mm. With a wall thickness to D ratio of 0.51, the wall thickness is 85 mm. The use of a thickness of more than 100 mm during explosive dynamic loading leads to an almost brittle fracture of the material, the use of a thickness of less than 65 mm leads to an increase in plastic deformation of the material and a decrease in explosive capacity. The explosion proof chamber is used as follows:

- the camera is installed in the working position, adjusting it using the hole with the neck 11 in the bottom 2 and the boot hole with the neck 19 in the bottom 3;

- the explosive device is placed in the chamber cavity and suspended from the carriage 30, which is then moved along the beam with the suspended device to the desired position, the device is adjusted and fixed;

- install measuring equipment and other equipment in the required position inside the chamber, connect blasting line cables and measuring methods to the explosive device and equipment, which are inserted inside the chamber through the openings in the bottoms 2 and 3 hermetically using passage elements. The passage elements are covered with armored caps 18. A part of the holes in the bottoms 2 and 3 is used to install equipment elements that make it possible to check the chamber for leaks, vent pressure of the gaseous explosion products and preserve the chamber if necessary after the experiment;

- set the outside of the camera to the desired position with respect to products installed inside the camera, apparatus and equipment;

- after installation of all systems, the chamber is closed hermetically with a plug 12 and covers 15, 20 and 25;

- produce an explosion of the explosive device. Gaseous products of the explosion and solid fragments of the explosive device propagate in the axial and radial directions. The energy of the fragments is extinguished by layers of ballistic protection, the final detention of the fragments occurs in a collision with the internal structural elements of the camera. The energy of the gaseous products of the explosion is extinguished due to the elastic and insignificant plastic deformation of the main power elements of the chamber.

Tests of prototypes of the chamber were conducted. The release of explosion products into the environment using known methods and means of registration was not recorded.

Claims (1)

An explosion-proof chamber containing a cylindrical metal multilayer body made of two coaxially arranged pipes, the space between which is filled with concrete, two bottoms, one of which has a loading hole with a neck, hermetically sealed from the inside by a convex power metal cover using a sealing element located between the plate and the power cover, while the power cover is connected to the bottom plate pivotally using a bracket and in the closed position is mounted on it with bolts on the bottom side of the plate, on the outside, the loading hole with the neck is closed hermetically with a bolt and sealing elements located in grooves made in the cover, holes for passage elements for operational use are made in the said bottom, which are covered with armored caps from the inside, and the second rear bottom is reinforced with a concrete layer from the inside and metal sheet, anti-splinter protection made of layers of metal mesh and installed on the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the body, meta a sheet of the first bottom and a convex power metal cover, a beam with a carriage mounted longitudinally in the upper part of the cylindrical body, characterized in that the inner tube of the body from the cavity side is reinforced with rings and ribs, the camera bottoms are elliptical in shape with an elliptical height H = 0, 25D, where D is the outer diameter of the bottom, and the ratio of the bottom wall thickness to D is from 0.04 to 0.06, a hole with a neck is made in the rear bottom along the chamber axis, which is sealed from the inside by a power metal plug and means of bolts and sealing elements positioned in grooves of the plug, and the outside - a cover by means of bolts and sealing elements positioned in grooves of the cover, while in the rear area of the bottom openings for communicating elements operating purposes, closed inside armored covers.

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