RU211474U1 - EXPLOSION-PROOF CAMERA FOR MULTIPLE RADIOGRAPHY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of blasting and the study of fast explosive processes, in particular to radiographic studies of the physical and mechanical properties of materials subjected to intense dynamic loads created by loading devices using explosives. The explosion-proof chamber for multi-view radiography includes a hermetic volume for accommodating a dynamic loading device, formed by an internal protective power shell that perceives dynamic and quasi-static loads from explosion products and fragments and is surrounded by an outer protective shell. In the central part of the outer containment, two pairs of diametrically opposite radiographic inputs are made according to the number of radiation output channels, in which branch pipes are installed, closed from the side of the sealed volume with conical lids. The inner and outer shells are made in the form of separate sealing contours. External circuit - in case of emergency depressurization of the internal circuit. The radiographic inputs of both shells are located coaxially and are equipped with separate branch pipes, reinforced on the outer and inner sides with radial stiffening ribs, and removable covers. The inner and outer shells are equipped with lugs for loading and unloading operations and for securing them during transportation. The outer shell consists of a cylindrical part, at the ends of which additional steel plates are placed on the outside and to which an elliptical bottom and a loading elliptical cover are attached using annular flanges. The connections of the flanges with the cover and the bottom are reinforced with external radial stiffening ribs. The cover is additionally reinforced from the inside with cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and a bottom. Flange connections with cylindrical sections are reinforced on the outside with radial stiffeners attached to additional steel plates and flanges, on the inside with cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and rings. In the sealed volume in the central zone, the inner shell is reinforced with an additional inner shell installed relative to it with a minimum gap. A gas-dynamic reflector of a conical shape is fixed on the lower bottom of the inner shell. The bottom itself is reinforced from the inside with radial stiffening ribs fastened along the outer end with plates, and from the outside with radial stiffening ribs attached to the bottom inner ring and the shell flange. The outer ribs are installed on the bottom with an offset relative to the inner ribs. The upper bottom is reinforced similarly to the lower bottom with internal radial ribs fastened along the outer end with plates, and external radial ribs attached to the neck and shell. EFFECT: expansion of the field of research of physical processes with the maintenance of the bearing capacity of the VZK at the required levels of loading pressures in the samples under study is provided. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of blasting and the study of fast explosive processes, in particular to radiographic studies of the physical and mechanical properties of materials subjected to intense dynamic loads created by loading devices using explosives. Utility model - explosion-proof chamber (ECC) is the first main circuit for ensuring environmental and radiation safety of the X-ray complex.

The task to be solved by the utility model is the creation of an IBD for the implementation of multi-angle radiography.

A device for studying fast processes is known (patent RU 2548462, published 04/20/2015), containing an explosive chamber for placing the test sample, including a body, a cover and a bottom, while the chamber is equipped with at least one pair of diametrically opposite inputs of radiographic radiation, formed by the corresponding holes in the housing and plugs transparent to the specified radiation. Radiographic inputs are located opposite the recording equipment of the radiographic complex. The body of the explosion chamber is made reinforced, the plugs are installed in the openings of the body, the upper and lower chambers are additionally introduced, hermetically connected along the annular flanges with the body of the explosion chamber, the cover and bottom of which are made with the possibility of destruction when the object is loaded, while the upper and lower chambers are equipped with sealed covers .

The disadvantages of the known device are a significant increase in the dimensions of the protective device and volume, which limits its scope, because. the device must fit into the dimensions of the existing research facility.

Another device is known - a protective device according to patent RU 155943 (published 20.10.2015), selected as the closest analogue. The protective device includes a load-bearing shell, limiting the area in which the support elements are installed to accommodate the dynamic loading device and forming the direction of expansion of the explosion products. The power shell perceives dynamic and quasi-static load from explosion products and fragments, while the power shell is surrounded by at least one additional shell installed in relation to it with a gap filled with damping material. The additional shell is subjected to indirect dynamic action. In this connection, the additional shell retains its strength longer, which leads to an increase in the performance of the structure as a whole. The shells have at least a pair of diametrically opposite radiographic inputs in the form of holes for the passage of the radiographic radiation flow, in which nozzles are installed, made of the same material as the shells, while the nozzles from the side of the area bounded by the power shell are closed with covers conical shape from a material with a low coefficient of absorption of probing radiation. The number of additional shells is selected depending on the required intensity of the dynamic load created by the loading device.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is that when performing several pairs of radiographic inputs for multi-angle radiography, the strength and reliability of the camera of this design decreases, which leads to an increase in the size and weight of the structure, limits the possibilities of radiographic imaging, and also does not allow additional measurements using, for example, optical registration methods.

The technical result of the claimed device is to expand the functionality / expand the field of research of physical processes while maintaining the bearing capacity of the VZK at the required levels of loading pressures in the samples under study.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the design of an explosion-proof chamber for multi-view radiography, including a sealed volume for accommodating a dynamic loading device, formed by an internal protective power shell that perceives dynamic and quasi-static loads from explosion products and fragments and surrounded by an outer protective shell, in the central parts of which are made at least two pairs of diametrically opposite radiographic inputs according to the number of radiation output channels, in which nozzles are installed, closed from the side of the sealed volume with conical lids, what is new is that the inner and outer shells are made in the form of separate sealing contours, external circuit - in case of emergency depressurization of the internal circuit, while the radiographic inputs of both shells are located coaxially and are equipped with separate nozzles, reinforced from the outer and inner sides with radial stiffeners, and removable covers, which are made of a flat or convex shape, the inner and outer shells are equipped with lugs for handling operations, as well as for securing them during transportation, the outer shell consists of a cylindrical part, at the ends of which additional steel plates are placed on the outside and to which the elliptical bottom and the loading elliptical cover are fastened with the help of ring flanges, the connections of the flanges with the cover and the bottom are reinforced with external radial stiffening ribs, and the cover is additionally reinforced from the inside with cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and the bottom, the connections of the flanges with the cylindrical sections are reinforced on the outside with radial stiffening ribs fastened to additional steel plates and flanges, on the inside by cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and rings, in a sealed volume in the central zone, the inner shell is reinforced with an additional inner shell installed from relative to it with a minimum clearance, a gas-dynamic reflector of a conical shape is fixed on the lower bottom of the inner shell, the bottom itself is reinforced from the inside by radial stiffeners fastened along the outer end with plates, and from the outside by radial stiffeners attached to the inner ring of the bottom and the flange of the shell, while the outer ribs mounted on the bottom with an offset relative to the inner ribs, the upper bottom is reinforced, similarly to the lower bottom, with internal radial ribs fastened along the outer end with plates, and external radial ribs attached to the neck and shell.

The bottom of the outer shell along the annular flange can be connected to the support device, consisting of at least four vertical plates, which are also the outer ribs of the bottom, connected to the flange and the support ring.

The execution of the inner and outer shells in the form of separate sealing loops, the outer loop - in case of emergency depressurization of the inner loop, and the supply of radiographic inputs of different loops with separate nozzles and removable covers, when the latter are made in a flat or convex shape, provides an increase in the reliability of the TSC, which allows for multiview radiography.

The supply of external and internal circuits with lugs for handling operations, as well as for securing them during transportation, allows for ease of assembly and operation, which significantly expands the mobile capabilities of the VZK, thereby expanding its functionality.

The fastening of a gas-dynamic reflector of a conical shape and radial stiffening ribs fastened along the outer end with plates on the lower bottom of the inner contour make it possible to create the optimal shape of the sealed volume, reduces the dynamic impact from the object under study on the bottom of the inner contour, redistributes the pressure impulse of the shock wave and explosion products.

Reinforcement from the outer side of the bottom with stiffeners increases the rigidity and strength of the closed contour "bottom - neck" when exposed to loads, which makes it possible to conduct experiments in a wide range of dynamic load intensity.

Execution on the upper bottom of the neck with a hole closed by a sealed solid cover ensures safe loading of explosive objects into it.

The execution of the external contour in the form of a cylindrical structure with an elliptical bottom and a loading elliptical lid, reinforced with external stiffeners, and at the end - a flange with additional stiffeners, provides an increase in the bearing capacity of the structure.

The figure shows a diagram of the proposed device, where 1 - the internal circuit of the VZK - VK; 2 - the bottom of the VK; 3 - VK cover; 4 - protective anti-fragmentation layer; 5 - radiographic inputs VK; 6 - conical cover; 7 - sealing cover VK; 8 - gas-dynamic reflector; 9 - reflector plates; 10, 11, 12 - additional reinforcing pads; 13 - external sealing circuit VZK - ZK; 14 - the bottom of the ZK; 15 - reinforcing ring; 16 - flat radiographic cover; 17 - loading cover ZK.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed device can serve as a VZK with a carrying capacity (explosion resistance) up to 5 kg of TNT for multiangle radiography. To implement x-ray imaging of the object under study, for example, from two directions, two x-ray installations are used simultaneously, and the ILC has two pairs of diametrically opposite radiographic windows according to the number of x-ray channels. VZK consists of: an internal explosion-proof chamber - VK, the first circuit, and a protective chamber - ZK, used as a second sealing circuit.

Material for the manufacture of the chamber: steel of strength class K60. The bottoms are made of steel 09G2S (standardized bottoms from high-pressure boilers are used), the neck, the cover of the loading neck are also made of steel 09G2S or similar steel of a strength class of at least K50. Overall dimensions of VZK: height ~2.6 m, length and width ~1.8 m.

The cylindrical shell VK is made of a gas pipe with a diameter of 1020 mm, a wall thickness of 22.7 mm, steel of strength class K60. To increase the rigidity of the cylindrical shell and additionally protect it from fragmentation in its central section at a length l ≈ ± R from the inside, with a minimum gap, a protective layer is installed - a steel cylindrical shell 4 with a thickness of 20 mm. From both ends in the area of the welded annular seam, the cylindrical shell is reinforced with additional outer steel shells (plates) 10 with a thickness of 20 mm. In the central section of the VK, two pairs of diametrically opposite radiographic inputs 5 are made at an angle of 90° between their axes and inlet diameters of ~220 mm, which are closed with covers 6 made of aluminum alloy of the AMg-6 type. The wall thickness of the inlet pipe is ~27 mm. The inner cover 6 is made of a conical shape with an apex angle of 80° and a wall thickness of 20 mm, the outer sealing cover 7 is flat or convex, 10 mm thick, made of steel of the type: 30KhGSA, 12Kh18N10T, EI712.

On the lower bottom, from the side of the cavity, a gas-dynamic reflector 8 of a conical shape and radial stiffeners are fastened, fastened along the outer end with plates 9. On the outer side, the bottom is reinforced with stiffeners fastened to the central ring on the bottom and skirt, on the end of the cylindrical shell of the body.

On the upper bottom 2 there is a neck with a hole closed by a sealed durable cover 3 80 mm thick, made of steel of the type: 30KhGSA (or other alloy steel with a tensile strength (σ _in ) of at least 800 MPa) and is attached to the neck hole using split rings . In the figure, the lower and upper bottoms 2 are shown in a flat design, they can also be made in an elliptical shape, like the elements of the VZK 14 and 17.

ZK 13 is a welded steel structure of a cylindrical shape with an elliptical bottom 14 and a loading elliptical cover 17 ~ 2.6 m high, 1.4 m in diameter.

In the central part there are four radiographic inputs located coaxially with similar radiographic inputs on the inside of the VZK body. The radiographic input socket has a wall thickness of 27 mm. The diameter of radiographic inputs is 230 mm. Radiographic inputs of the external contour are closed with flat covers 16 made of aluminum alloy AMg-6 20 mm thick. The connection is sealed with three rubber O-rings.

At the end of the cylindrical shell of the SC body, a flange with a thickness of ns less than 30 mm with additional stiffening ribs is fixed by welding. The loading elliptical cover 17, 22 mm thick, is attached to this flange with 64 M24 studs. To tighten each stud, use a Grover washer and two nuts each. The seal is sealed by two end rubber gaskets. Cover 17 ZK is reinforced with external stiffening ribs attached to the skirt of the cylindrical shell and the cover, respectively. Cylindrical shell of the ZK on the side of the upper and lower hearths has additional steel plates 12 with a thickness of 20 mm. Annular elements 15 increase the rigidity of the SC shell.

Estimated weight of the SC is ~6 t. The approximate weight of the entire structure ^of the VZK is ~ ⁹ t.

ZK and VK named eyelets for carrying out loading and unloading operations, as well as for securing them during transportation.

The operation of the proposed device is as follows.

VK 1 is installed in ZK 13 with the loading cover 17 removed. All components of the VZK are moved by a crane during installation (dismantling), or installed by a crane on special carts and then moved on them. When installing the ZK orient in such a way that the radiographic inputs 5 VK were located coaxially with the inputs of the ZK 13 and opposite the recording equipment of the radiographic complex. An object containing an explosive charge is installed approximately in the geometric center of the chamber through the neck of the upper bottom 2, after which the neck opening is closed with a sealed, durable cover 3.

During the explosion of the explosive charge in the sealed volume of the VZK, dynamic loading of the VK 1 occurs, which is affected by the total pressure impulse of the air shock wave, gaseous and solid (fragments) explosion products. As a result, the shell is deformed, and damage (dents, craters) from fragmentation appears on its surface from the side of the internal cavity. The inner cover 6 also perceives the impulse action of the products of the explosion and fragments. At the same time, the gas-dynamic reflector 8 of a conical shape and the radial stiffeners, fastened along the outer end with plates 9, reduce the dynamic effect from the explosive on the bottom 2 of the VK 1. At the exit, it passes through radiation-sensitive elements 6 and 16 made of a material that weakly absorbs and scatters radiation, covering the radiographic inputs of the VK and ZK. In the event of emergency depressurization of VK 1 during the explosion of an explosive charge of 5 kg, the quasi-static overpressure after cooling of the gas inside the cavity will be ~1 atm (in this case, the use of bleed and filtration systems, as well as emergency bleed), sealing is provided by the ZK.

Thus, the proposed design of the VZK hermetically localizes all factors of the explosion. On the existing experimental samples, the possibility of implementing the claimed utility model was shown. The conducted explosive experiments confirmed the achievement of the claimed technical result - the expansion of functionality - the possibility of conducting multi-angle pulsed radiographic survey of explosive processes by providing greater explosion resistance of the structure.

Claims (1)

An explosion-proof chamber for multi-angle radiography, including a sealed volume for accommodating a dynamic loading device, formed by an internal protective power shell that perceives dynamic and quasi-static loads from explosion products and fragments and surrounded by an outer protective shell, in the central part of which two pairs of diametrically opposite radiographic inputs are made in number radiation output channels, in which branch pipes are installed, closed from the side of the sealed volume with conical lids, characterized in that the inner and outer shells are made in the form of separate sealing loops, the outer loop - in case of emergency depressurization of the inner loop, while the radiographic inputs of both shells are located coaxially and equipped with separate branch pipes, reinforced on the outer and inner sides with radial stiffeners, and removable covers, the inner and outer shells are equipped with lugs for carrying out loading - unloading operations, as well as for securing them during transportation, the outer shell consists of a cylindrical part, at the ends of which additional steel plates are placed on the outside and to which an elliptical bottom and a loading elliptical lid are attached using annular flanges, the connections of the flanges with the lid and bottom are reinforced with external radial stiffeners, and the cover is additionally reinforced from the inside with cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and a bottom, the connections of flanges with cylindrical sections are reinforced on the outside with radial stiffeners attached to additional steel plates and flanges, on the inside with cylindrical sections fastened together, with flanges and rings, in a sealed volume in the central zone, the inner shell is reinforced with an additional inner shell, installed relative to it with a minimum clearance, a gas-dynamic reflector of a conical shape is fixed on the lower bottom of the inner shell, the bottom itself reinforced from the inside with radial stiffeners fastened along the outer end with plates, and from the outside with radial stiffeners attached to the inner ring of the bottom and the flange of the shell, while the outer ribs are installed on the bottom with an offset relative to the inner ribs, the upper bottom is reinforced similarly to the lower bottom with internal radial ribs, plates fastened along the outer end, and external radial ribs attached to the neck and shell.

Images