RU2568126C1 - Method of washing of saline soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method of washing of saline soils comprises a source 1, a distributor 2, a water discharge 3, an upper tier of drains-humidifiers 4 combined by the pipeline-collector 5, a lower tier of drains-dryers 7, the drains-distributors 6 placed between the tiers of drains parallel to the drains-humidifiers 4 and connected to the pipeline-collector 5, the collector 8 with a check valve. The drains-distributors 6 have additional manholes 9, into which the vertical pressure pipes are inserted for feeding water and compressed air simultaneously after the termination of desalinization of topsoil followed by washing of the drains-distributors 6. A pressure pipe is supplied with an ejector, the active nozzle of which is connected to the mixing chamber oriented with an outlet portion along the water flow. The second mixing chamber is formed with a diffuser, one end of which is connected to the first mixing chamber, the second is connected to the drains-distributor at an angle toward it to the side of the collector. The ejector with the first mixing chamber is connected to the air tube. The check valves are mounted on the end of the water supply pipeline and the end of the supply tube of compressed air. The upper part of the air supply pipe is connected with a source of compressed air. When filling the drains-distributors 6 with pressurized water, all the salts are washed away with the air located there under great pressure, i.e. from source to mouth the formation of blockages in drains and ochring are avoided. Such a device for obtaining in motion of a water-air salt stream fills the entire cross section along the length of the drain. The cleaning process is accelerated when flushing, and the life of drainage is extended by the action of water-air mixture on the depositions throughout the entire period of operation.EFFECT: method has increased operational reliability.3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the reclamation of saline lands and can be used to clean from salt deposition in drainage dispensers.

BACKGROUND

There is a method of washing saline lands, which includes supplying water to the surface of the soil during the non-growing season in two stages, supplying water to the surface before displacing salts from the root layer, followed by displacing salts into the underlying layers by subsoil water supply during the growing season (Copyright certificate SU No. 881190 , CL No. 02B 13/00; A01G 25/00, 11/15/1981).

The disadvantage of this method is the risk of secondary salinization during the cessation of subsoil irrigation. In addition, this method requires large expenditures and funds for the frequent regular washing of salts, which can be deposited in the drainage pipes after washing the soil layer, and for the preparation of these pipes for supplying water to the humidification network. With the accumulation of salts on the walls in the pipes, they become clogged, respectively, the cross-section of the pipes decreases, the throughput decreases, and large water pressures are required.

A drainage and humidification system is known, consisting of tiered drain drains and drain humidifiers connected to a collector and a pumping station, drain driers are located directly above the humidifier drains and are separated from them by waterproof screens (Copyright certificate SU No. 697629, class Ε02В 11/00, from 11/15/1979).

The disadvantages of the known system are the low degree of drainage when washing saline lands and low productivity due to washing only with pressure water to remove salt below the washed layer. In addition, excess salts with rinsing water cannot be discharged along the length of the pipe, since they themselves are perforated.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a drainage and humidification system, including the upper tier of drain drains, combined by a collecting pipe, and the lower tier of drain drains, the system is equipped with drain drains placed between the tiers of drains parallel to the drains, humidifiers and connected to the pipeline to the collector (Copyright Certificate SU No. 1161645, class No. 02B 11/00 of 06/15/1985).

A disadvantage of the known system is a decrease in the efficiency of the process of cleaning drain distributors from deposited salts along the entire pipe length due to insufficient flow and water pressure from the source of its supply and the absence of active destruction of dense packed sediment, which reduces the drainage cross section and reduces the reliability of the cleaning of drain distributors. In addition, low productivity due to flushing with only one water, the volume and pressure of which is insufficient to obtain high speeds for existing slopes of drains.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to accelerate the cleaning process during washing and increase the service life of the drainage by exposing the air-water mixture to deposits during the entire period of operation.

The specified problem is solved as follows.

In the known method of washing saline lands, including the upper tier of drain drains, combined by a collector pipe, the lower tier of drain drains, drain distributors located between the tiers of drains parallel to the drains, humidifiers and connected to the collector pipeline, a collector with a non-return valve, drains -distributors have additional inspection wells into which vertical pressure pipes are introduced for supplying water and simultaneously compressed air after the cessation of desalination of the upper soil layer with subsequent by flushing the drain distributors, the pressure pipe is equipped with an ejector, the active nozzle of which is connected to the mixing chamber oriented by the outlet along the water flow, and the second mixing chamber is made by a diffuser, one end of which is connected to the first mixing chamber, the other to the drainage distributor at an angle to it towards the collector, with an air tube connected to the ejector with the first mixing chamber, check valves installed at the end of the water supply pipe and at the end of the compressed water supply pipe spirit, the latter, which communicates with a source of compressed air. Distinctive features are:

- drainage distributors are additionally equipped with inspection wells, in which a vertical pressure pipe for supplying water and at the same time an air pipe are installed;

- feed water under pressure into a vertical pipe and simultaneously supply air under pressure, which are mixed in the mixing chamber;

- the lower end of the pressure pipe is equipped with an ejector, the active nozzle of which is connected to the mixing chamber, to which the air pipe is connected;

- the second mixing chamber is made by a diffuser and is connected at an angle with a drain-distributor;

- non-return valves are installed at the ends of the pressure pipe and air pipe.

As the topsoil is desalinated, the flow of water in the drains-humidifiers ceases from the surface, the water is withdrawn to the distributor drains from the intake source, the water supply is resumed under pressure through a vertical pipe, at the same time compressed air (for example, from the compressor) is supplied through the air pipe, placed in an additional viewing well and connected by a mixing chamber, one of which is connected at an angle to the distributor drain, which allows washing the salt deposited on the walls and along the length of the drain They create a water-air-salt mixture in it under pressure, eroding the drainage along the entire length of the cross-section, and then the air-water-salt mixture then enters the collector, cleaning the dispenser from deposited salts. The set flushing interval is set according to the operating conditions.

Thus, a causal relationship is ensured between the set of distinctive features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result: regulation of flushing of drains, in particular, by increasing the pressure of the air-water mixture on the walls along the length of drains, preventing deposits of accumulated salts coming from drains, humidifiers, and water consumption is only through the pressure pipe. In cases of a large difference between the pressure at the outlet of the water from the pressure pipe and the air pressure in the pipe, coupled to the mixing chamber, one of the check valves on them automatically closes. Such a device in the operation of check valves in the ejector zone allows you to control the flow of water and high air pressure at the site of their connection to the first mixing chamber, then the transition of the mixture into the second mixing chamber in the form of a diffuser, connected at an angle to the distributor drain.

It should be noted that the vertical pressure pipe and air pipe with check valves are extremely simple in design and reliable in operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows a method of washing saline lands, general view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1 (layout diagram of a viewing well assembly); in FIG. 3 - connection node of the mixing chamber in the form of a diffuser with a drain-distributor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method of washing saline lands contains a source 1 (reservoir), a distributor 2, a water outlet 3, a tier of drains-humidifiers 4, a collector pipe 5, drains-distributors 6, a tier of drains-dehumidifiers 7 and a collector 8.

Drain valves 5 are additionally equipped with the installation of inspection wells 9 along the entire length. The manhole 9 includes a cylindrical body 10, equipped with a cover 11, an inlet pressure pipe 12, through which water from the source 13 is supplied under high pressure with an ejector including an active nozzle 14, two mixing chambers 15 and 16. The second mixing chamber 16 is made in the form of a diffuser and has an input narrowed section 17 (neck). The output end of the mixing chamber 16 is connected at an angle to the drainage distributor 6. The ejector further includes an air supply pipe 18 directed towards the first mixing chamber 15. The upper part of the tube 18 communicates with a source of compressed air 19 through a two-position valve 20, for example, with a compressor. Distributor drains 6 and a pressure pipe 12 and an air supply pipe 18 connected to them through the mixing chambers 15 and 16 are communicated using two check valves 21 and 22. A valve 24 is installed to inlet and shut off water into the pipe 23.

The method of washing saline lands is as follows.

During the period when salts are discharged by a system of drains-humidifiers 4, drains-dehumidifiers 7 and through a collecting pipe 5 enter the drains-distributors 6, part of the suspended particles of salts is discharged into the collector 8. After the water flow stops and the flow stops water through the outlet 3, open the valve 24 on the pipe 23 and the water under pressure from the source 13 through the pipe 12, the nozzle 14 is supplied to the mixing chamber 15. At the same time open the on-off valve 20 of the air supply pipe 18, which communicates with the source of compressed air. Further, water under pressure passes through the nozzle 14, the check valve 21 opens, the nozzle creates an ejective effect on the compressed air coming from the tube 18 with the check valve 22 open in the mixing chamber 15. The nozzle 14 creates a vacuum in the mixing chamber 15 and the compressed air is also sucked in moreover, the working stream gives part of its energy to the air received from the tube 18.

Due to the large water pressure, at the same time as compressed air is added, they are mixed in the chamber 15 and then in the chamber 16 in the form of a diffuser, in which the static pressure increases, the living force of the flow is used together with the air. The lower end of the mixing chamber 16 is mounted at an angle to the distributor drain 6. Thus, water at high pressure is supplied through the pipe 12 to the nozzle 14, from which, flying out at high speed, it enters the mixing chamber 15, where the pressure decreases significantly and becomes less atmospheric. Then the compressed air is supplied through the tube 18 and is sucked into the mixing chamber 15, and the mixing of water and air flows. According to the Bernoulli equation, the sum of the specific potential energy (static pressure) is constant and equal to the pressure, i.e. Η = p / (pg) + V ² / (2g) = const. Due to the large increase in the velocity V in the nozzle at a constant pressure Η, the pressure "p", as can be seen from the above equation, in the mixing chamber 15 decreases significantly and becomes less than atmospheric. Therefore, compressed air through the tube 18 enters and is sucked into the mixing chamber 15, where the flows of water and air are mixed, and the working stream gives part of its energy to the air coming from the tube 18. From the mixing chamber 15, the total flow through the narrowed part of the inlet section (neck) 17 is sent to the second mixing chamber 16 in the form of a diffuser, the end portion of which is connected at an angle to the drain-distributor 6, while the static pressure increases significantly, used to move the air-water-salt current in the drain-distributor 6. The main parts of such a device are: an active nozzle, mixing chambers, one of which is made in the form of a diffuser, a transitional narrowed section between chambers 15 and 16. The incoming water with air fills the drain-distributor 5 and allows a larger volume to penetrate air into the drain at an angle. Due to the inlet of compressed air with liquid, the static pressure in the drain 6 increases, the speed of the water increases, as a result of which all remaining salts and other compounds on the walls and bottom of the drain distributors 6, at water speeds in the range of 0.4-0.5 m / s, they become suspended and are washed off by a stream of water mixed with air in closed drains-dispensers 6, through which they are transported to a collector 8 and then to a discharge network, i.e. a sufficiently active water-air-salt flow with a static pressure and more rapid in motion in the drain-distributor 6 is created, regardless of the accepted slope. Flushing of drainage distributors is carried out both from one position, and possibly with a new position, or simultaneously from several positions, through additional inspection wells 9 along the length of the drainage distributors 6. In addition, the installation system of inspection wells is composed of individual elements of the connection unit, which makes their work mobile along the route of the drainage dispenser 6 in case of moving to a new position.

The proposed method allows for regular washing of drainage dispensers several times a year without large expenditures of labor and money on large areas immediately after desalination of the top soil layer with water drainage through drainage humidifiers. It should be noted that after washing the root layer of drainage 4, the system can also be used as for subsoil irrigation, however, in this case, the pressure water supply is turned off by closing the valve 24 on the pipe 23 and closing the valve 20 on the air supply pipe 18. However, it is also possible use compressed air to saturate the root layer, contributing to the increase of capillaries in the thickness of the soil when closing the check valve at the mouth of the drainage distributor 6, i.e. fill, for example, with compressed air the pores of the soil and thereby create aeration of the soil (non-return valve at the mouth of the drainage distributor - not shown).

When filling drain drains 6 with pressure water with air under high pressure there, all salts are washed off, its translational movement along the length is created, which prevents tearing and the formation of plugs in drains 6, i.e. from source to mouth. Due to the fact that in drainage dispensers 6 an increased and uniform pressure is created on the pipe walls, the laying and compliance with the slopes of the drainage dispensers is not limited to their observance, with placement at the bottom of the trench towards the movement of water with air, destroying salt sediments, while filling the entire section of drain distributors 6 with a water-air-salt mixture, and the water velocity in them increases, which leads to an acceleration in time of the cleaning process of drain distributors with less discharge of water into the collector and further into the discharge network. This design has increased operational reliability.

Claims (1)

A method of flushing saline lands, including the upper tier of drain drains, combined by a collecting pipe, the lower tier of draining dryers, drain distributors located between the tiers of drains parallel to the draining humidifiers and connected to the collecting pipe, a collector with a non-return valve, characterized in that the drainage distributors have additional inspection wells into which vertical pressure pipes are introduced to supply water and simultaneously compressed air after the desalination of the topsoil is stopped after by flushing the drain distributors, the pressure pipe is equipped with an ejector, the active nozzle of which is connected to the mixing chamber oriented by the outlet section along the water flow, and the second mixing chamber is made by a diffuser, one end of which is connected to the first mixing chamber, and the second to the drainage distributor they are connected at an angle to it towards the collector, and an air tube is connected to the ejector with the first mixing chamber, check valves are installed at the end of the water supply pipe and at the end of the supply pipe compressed air, and the latest report from the compressed air source.

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