RU2567257C1 - System of gutters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: system of gutters comprises three elements made of polymer material and connected to each other - a receiving socket, a gutter made of sections and a draining socket with a sprinkler attachment. In the cross section the gutter and sockets have flat bottom and boards inclined outside. Receiving and draining sockets have inclined sections for joining with overlap to a gutter at the angle of road embankment inclination. Boards and bottoms of all three elements from outside are reinforced with transverse stiffening ribs, sections of the gutter are equipped with anchor elements in the form of rods. To each other the elements are connected as overlapping by means of metal fastening elements. All elements are made from polymer composite material by means of layering. The inner layer of the elements comprises light-stabilising additives, and the outer one is made from fireproof resin. Transverse stiffening ribs are made as solid with layering. Sections are connected to each other as overlapping by means of a bolted connection from stainless or carbon steel. The receiving socket in the intake part is equipped with a rib deepened into soil. In the lower part the gutter is equipped with longitudinal ribs-anchors that connect to each other the lower side parts of the transverse stiffening ribs. Anchor elements in the form of rods are installed into the embankment with the possibility of transverse ribs thrusting against them.

EFFECT: provision of gutter strength, reliability of their joints and prevention of their unfixing.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed solution relates to the elements of the coatings of roads, and specifically to the trays for draining water from the roadway.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 136049, a drainage tray system adopted for the prototype is known, comprising drainage trays made of polymer material and interconnected by upper, lower and middle elements, upper and lower elements of the system are inclined trays with outwardly inclined sides, and the middle element of the system is consisting of from the sections there is a direct inclined tray with flat sides inclined outward and with a flat bottom, the upper element in its upper part has flat sides and a bottom, and in the lower part of its side and the bottom are curved of, the lower element in its lower part has flat sides and the bottom, and in the upper part of its side and the bottom are curved upward, and the bottom of the upper part of the upper element narrows downward, and the bottom of the lower part of the lower element narrows upward, while the bottom and the sides of the lower part of the upper element, as well as the bottom and sides of the upper part of the lower element of the system, consist of a series of flat sections delimited by the transverse risks applied to them, the sides of all three elements on the outside are reinforced with hollow transverse stiffeners having in its cross section the shape of trapezoid, and longitudinal stiffeners in the form of flat plates, holes are made in hollow transverse stiffeners, in which anchors are inserted in the form of rods, and a water divider made in the form of a bent under sharp plate angle; its upper, middle and lower elements are connected by means of metal rivets and glue based on methyl methacrylate.

The common essential features of the prototype, which coincide with the essential features of the proposed technical solution, are the following drainage system of trays containing three materials made of polymer material and interconnected - a receiving bell, a drainage tray consisting of sections, and a discharge bell with a divider; in cross section, the drainage tray and sockets have a flat bottom and sides inclined to the outside; receiving and discharge sockets have inclined sections for overlapping with the drainage channel at an angle of inclination of the road embankment; the sides and bottoms of all three elements are externally reinforced with transverse stiffeners, sections of the drainage tray are equipped with anchor elements in the form of rods; the elements are lapped together by means of metal fasteners.

This prototype system is made of a polymeric material (essentially plastic), which in itself has insufficient strength, i.e. during installation and operation, the trays can be damaged, which can lead to serious consequences - erosion of the embankment of the base of the road. Parts of the system are interconnected by metal rivets, which, firstly, corrode, and secondly, in fact, are an integral connection. Hollow transverse stiffeners can be destroyed due to the ingress of water into them, its freezing with expansion. The receiving socket in its intake part can be washed with water. Also, given the placement of the trays and the material of their execution, they may be damaged, for example, by the fire of burning grass, as well as by the sun. The system of anchors is difficult to implement - they require the manufacture of holes in the hollow transverse ribs, which is not convenient and, again, facilitates the ingress of water into the ribs with a further possible retention and violation of integrity during freezing. The methyl methacrylate-based adhesive used is not intended for field bonding. Firstly, it is liquid and drains when glued in a field along vertical joints (tray walls). Glue itself requires modes: pressure and temperature. If the temperature can still be provided by heating, then you will not create pressure in the field, so the quality of gluing is not ensured. Secondly, this glue is brittle, so when under the influence of climatic changes in temperature the entire chain of trays on the slope will shrink in the winter and expand in the summer, all joints will crack and lose connection after one season.

The proposed design solves the technical problem of ensuring the strength of the trays, the reliability of their joints and preventing their unlocking. It also solves the problem of simple execution of anchors, and preventing the washing of the upper bell. In addition, damage to the trays by fire and destruction of the binder by solar radiation is prevented.

To achieve the aforementioned technical results, a drainage tray system comprising three elements made of polymer material and interconnected - a receiving bell, a drainage tray consisting of sections, and a discharge bell with a divider; in cross section, the drainage tray and sockets have a flat bottom and sides inclined to the outside; receiving and discharge sockets have inclined sections for overlapping with the drainage channel at an angle of inclination of the road embankment; the sides and bottoms of all three elements are externally reinforced with transverse stiffeners, sections of the drainage tray are equipped with anchor elements in the form of rods; the elements are lapped together by metal fasteners, unlike the prototype, all elements are made of a polymer composite material by layering, the inner layer of the elements containing light-stabilizing additives, and the outer one is made of fire-resistant resin (gelcoat), the transverse stiffeners are solid with layering; the sections are overlapped by means of a bolted connection of stainless or carbon steel; the receiving bell in the intake part is equipped with a rib located in the lower part; in the lower part of the drainage tray is equipped with longitudinal ribs-anchors connecting the lower side parts of the transverse stiffeners; anchor elements in the form of rods are installed in the embankment with the possibility of abutment of transverse ribs in them.

Additionally, to ensure better water intake when the roadway is sloped, the receiving bell is asymmetrical in plan. Those. depending on the location to the road - to the right or left, the lower slope side is perpendicular to the road, which prevents water from flowing past the intake part of the receiving socket.

Distinctive features of the proposed tray are the following: all elements are made of a polymer composite material by layering, while the inner layer of the elements contains light-stabilizing additives, and the outer one is made of flame-retardant resin, the transverse stiffeners are solid when layered; the sections are overlapped by means of a bolted connection of stainless or carbon steel; the receiving bell in the intake part is equipped with a rib located in the lower part; in the lower part of the drainage tray is equipped with longitudinal ribs-anchors connecting the lower side parts of the transverse stiffeners; anchor elements in the form of rods are installed in the embankment with the possibility of abutment of transverse ribs in them. Additionally, the receiving bell can be asymmetrical in plan, with the lower slope side being perpendicular to the road.

Due to the presence of these distinctive features, the following technical results are achieved - due to the performance of a polymer composite material (fiber-reinforced polymer resins) by layering, including with special execution of the outer layers, all elements are highly durable, while they are protected from external factors - the sun and fire; transverse stiffeners due to the execution of solid are not subject to destruction upon freezing and have greater strength; Due to the bolted connection of stainless or high carbon steel, the joints are durable and reliable; prevented washing of the intake part; due to the presence of anchor elements in the form of longitudinal ribs-anchors connecting the lower side parts of the transverse stiffeners to each other, no additional operations are required to drill the transverse ribs during installation. Anchor elements in the form of rods are installed in the embankment with the possibility of abutment of transverse ribs in them and do not require drilling of transverse ribs, which, on the one hand, simplifies installation, and on the other hand, does not violate the integrity of the ribs. Due to the asymmetric execution of the intake part of the receiving tray, complete removal of water from the roadway is ensured.

The proposed technical solution can find application in the design of drainage systems of roads placed on embankments.

The design of the proposed drainage system is illustrated in FIG. 1-4. In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the system with symmetric and asymmetric execution of the receiving socket.

In FIG. 2 shows a receiving bell.

In FIG. 3 shows a drainage tray and a discharge bell.

In FIG. 4 shows a drainage tray with bolted sections and anchor rods.

Depicted in FIG. 1-4, a system of drainage trays, comprising three elements made of a polymer composite material and interconnected - a receiving bell 1, a drainage tray 2 consisting of sections, and a discharge bell 3 with a divider 4; in cross section, the drainage tray 2 and the sockets 1, 3 have a flat bottom 5 and the sides 6 inclined to the outside; the receiving 1 and outlet 3 sockets have expanded sections 7 for overlapping with the drain tray 2 at an angle of inclination of the road embankment 8. The discharge of water from the roadbed 18 is organized through a quick collector from elements 1-3 to a longitudinal drain 17. All elements 1-3 made of a polymer composite material by layering, while the inner layer 9 of the elements contains light-stabilizing additives, and the outer 10 is made of fire-resistant resin (gelcoat); transverse stiffening ribs 11 are solid when layered; the function of the longitudinal stiffening ribs is performed by bends 12 outward of the upper edges of sections 1-3; sections 1-3 are overlapped by means of a bolted connection 13 of stainless or carbon steel; the receiving bell 1 in the intake part is provided with a rib 14 buried in the ground located in the lower part; on trays 2, anchor elements are made in the form of longitudinal ribs-anchors 15 connecting the lower side parts of the transverse stiffeners 11. To prevent the trays from sliding, anchor elements are installed in the form of rods 16 made of composite materials or metal, with a diameter of 12 mm, 15 mm or 20 mm and a length of 0.5 m to 1.0 m. The rods 16 are installed on the outside of the tray sections in pairs, close to the existing ribs 11 on the bottom side of the slope.

The system is manufactured and mounted as follows. Initially, the cutting of glass filler blanks for structural elements of the tray system is done. The stiffening ribs of the 11 tray are made by layering in advance the calculated number of layers of filler in special forms, which are then molded to the shell of the tray formed by the bottom 5 and sidewalls 6. Lightfast binder is used by adding, for example, 1% UV stabilizer HIMASSORB®81 (or CSFCP ( CAS No. 2440-22-4) or Tnuvin 328 bkb Uvinul®3026). A gelcoat, for example, of the REICHHOLD company, is used as a fireproof layer. The manufacture of the shell and the gluing of the structural elements of the trays are made on the prepared binder.

The shell of the tray is made of fiberglass, cut into blanks with the required dimensions. Laying of blanks is carried out in the following order:

- set the form on the stand in a stable and convenient position for calculation;

- apply the prepared binder (with added UV stabilizer) to the surface of the form;

- lay the first layer of glass filler by the direction of the base along the mold on the binder layer and level so that there are no wrinkles on the surface. Maintain 1-2 minutes for soaking the glass;

- apply a binder to the laid glass filler;

- stack the second layer of glass filler with the direction of the base across the form with the necessary overlap between the cut blanks. Maintain 1-2 minutes for soaking the glass;

- apply a binder to the laid glass filler;

- lay out, impregnate and pack reinforcements of the ribs 11;

- according to the marking on the form, ribs 11 are installed that have undergone preliminary preparation: sanding, degreasing with acetone and subsequent drying - at least 15 minutes;

- fix the ribs with a fiberglass impregnated with a binder;

- gluing of the ribs 11 should be made in such a way as to ensure uniform exit of the glass filler to the shell - at least 70 mm, as shown in FIG. one;

- cured to form at the shop is not less than ³ hours;

- remove the tray from the mold and conduct its machining by cutting off technological allowances and processing them with a binder.

Next, heat treatment of the trays in the furnace is carried out at a temperature of about 70 °.

Trays are made, as a rule, with a previously known angle of inclination of the embankment - 30 ° or 45 °.

In addition, as mentioned above, the trays can be made asymmetric, i.e. depending on the location to the road - on the right or on the left, while the lower slope side is perpendicular to the road, which prevents water from flowing past the intake part of the receiving socket.

Laying trays is made from bottom to top, from the lower elevation, starting from the outlet bell 3 of the lower.

The dimensions of the trench under the trays should ensure their free laying by providing gaps between the edges of the trays and the walls of the trench at least 50 mm in the light along the entire length of the tray.

The trays are installed according to the design documentation in the trench. Before mounting the leveling trays, the design position of the trench bottom marks is checked. Check the width of the trench with a tape measure, observing the conditions for the free laying of the trays and the subsequent filling of the draining filler. Crushed stone or sand preparation is poured at the bottom of the trench.

The trays are stacked one into another overlapping by the amount of cutting in the trench from the lower elevation up.

If the sections of the tray do not coincide in height, the subsequent section is removed from the trench, and the height of the trays is changed by leveling the gravel.

Trays are interconnected by bolted M12.

If necessary, the length of one of the sections of the tray can be cut in accordance with the length of the slope - the length of the collected road tray should be calculated depending on the length of the embankment.

If the holes in the trays do not match, it is allowed to drill отверстия12 mm holes in one of the holes in the trays.

Before laying the trays at the base of the trench, perpendicular cuts are made in place with a bayonet shovel under the ribs 11 of the tray, taking into account the free entry of the ribs 11 into these slots. Then the trays are mounted, preventing the formation of voids under the bottom of the tray.

The zones between the walls of the sockets, longitudinal trays and the trench are covered with gravel, sand or drainage soil as designed. In this case, it is not allowed to intensively tamp the backfill material. The dimensions of the width of the tray after filling must comply with the technical conditions of the structures.

During installation, to prevent the trays from slipping, rods 16 are additionally installed made of composite materials or metal, with a diameter of 12 mm, 15 mm or 20 mm, from 0.5 m to 1.0 m in length. The rods 16 are installed in pairs on the outside of the tray sections, close to the existing ones ribs 11 on the lower side of the steepness of the slope.

When laying the upper receiving bell 1 provide clearance with pavement ~ 20 mm The gap between the bell 1 and the roadway 18 is filled with bitumen mastic.

Claims (2)

1. A system of drainage trays containing three elements made of polymer material and interconnected - a receiving bell, a drainage tray consisting of sections, and a discharge bell with a divider; in cross section, the drainage tray and sockets have a flat bottom and sides inclined to the outside; receiving and discharge sockets have inclined sections for overlapping with the drainage channel at an angle of inclination of the road embankment; the sides and bottoms of all three elements are externally reinforced with transverse stiffeners, sections of the drainage tray are equipped with anchor elements in the form of rods; the elements are interconnected by means of metal fasteners, characterized in that all the elements are made of a polymer composite material by layering, the inner layer of the elements containing light-stabilizing additives, and the outer one is made of fire-resistant resin, the transverse stiffeners are solid when layered; the sections are overlapped by means of a bolted connection of stainless or carbon steel; the receiving bell in the intake part is equipped with a rib located in the lower part; in the lower part of the drainage tray is equipped with longitudinal ribs-anchors connecting the lower side parts of the transverse stiffeners; anchor elements in the form of rods are installed in the embankment with the possibility of abutment of transverse ribs in them. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving bell is asymmetrical in plan, with the lower slope side being perpendicular to the road.

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