RU2565822C1 - Method of presowing stimulation of seeds and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: chipped seeds after the daily soaking are once exposed with 10-15 lux low intensity scanning laser radiation first of infrared radiation band with laser such as ADL-85502-TL. Then the chipped seeds are exposed to laser radiation such as HLDH-660-A-50-01 in the red range of radiation, additionally modulated by the spatial modulator. The device comprises a container unit connected in the technological sequence the unit of generation of control program, the unit of generation of the radiation flux, mounted on a rotating carriage and having two lasers, a spatial modulator. The latter is placed in the container unit and represents a multilayer anisotropic quasi-liquid-crystalline diffraction lattice enclosed between two transparent plates, to form in each incidence point of the modulated laser beam of the interference laser field with its speckle.

EFFECT: increase in efficiency and quality of stimulation by ensuring consistency conditions of the spatial distribution of the field intensity of the laser radiation with the structure of the treated seeds.

2 cl, 1 ex, 1 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of presowing seed stimulation by low-intensity laser radiation (LLLT) in the infrared (IR) and red (Cr) regions of the optical range, as well as in biological and selection studies aimed at determining the influence of electromagnetic fields of the optical range on biological objects.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds, providing for the stimulation of seed germination of legumes, including their single treatment before sowing with a magneto-infrared laser device in a certain mode, characterized in that the seeds are subjected to multifactorial simultaneous exposure of the biological structure of the object of pulsed infrared laser radiation, pulsating broadband infrared radiation, red radiation and a constant magnetic field with a pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz and e numeral 18-20 min at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the object (see. RU №2377752, A01C 1/00, 2010).

The main disadvantage of this method is the low coherence and monochromaticity of pulsating red and infrared radiation and a long seed treatment time, which results in a small effect and low stimulation efficiency.

The closest technical solution to the present invention is the prototype method of light pulse presowing treatment of seeds, which consists in the fact that the seeds are exposed to a non-electromagnetic component of radiation emanating from a pulsed light emitter passed through a layer of a substance made from penicillin with a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm, at the same time, a signal having the following characteristics is supplied to the LEDs in the emitter: pulse repetition rate of 3000 imp / s, the modulation frequency of the main s the needle is 12-15 Hz, the amplitude of the voltage in the pulse is 50-100 V, the pulse duration is 200-300 ns (see RU No. 234065, A01C 1/00, 2008).

The specified method has a number of significant disadvantages: the exposure time of the seed treatment is not determined, the power density and the dose of the light flux are not determined, the mechanism of the action of the non-electromagnetic component of the LED radiation on the seeds is not determined.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of stimulation, expressed in increasing the energy of seed germination, accelerating the further growth of plants and providing increased yield of grain and vegetable structures.

The problem is achieved by the fact that the seeds are sequentially exposed to low-intensity scanning laser radiation of infrared and then red radiation with a different modulation frequency and exposure time (for different types of seeds) and additional VISLI modulation by a spatial modulator (PM) in a circular scanning device.

As is known, biosystem stimulation can be carried out by means of electromagnetic fields in the optical range. According to the hypothesis [see Malov A.N., Malov S.N., Cherny V.V. / Physical fundamentals of laser therapy. - Irkutsk: IF ILF SB RAS, 1997. Preprint No. 2. - 46 s] the effect of laser biostimulation is manifested under the condition of "matching the spatial distribution of the intensity of the laser radiation field (speckle structure) with the structure of a biological object characterized by conformational states of macromolecules." The speckle field, forming a microinhomogeneous structure with certain characteristics on the irradiated surface, is the most biologically active, which makes it possible to achieve a significant effect when stimulating the biosystem. Therefore, by forming electromagnetic fields with spatiotemporal characteristics (speckle structures) close to the irradiated biosystem, a more significant biostimulation effect can be obtained. To form such an electromagnetic field, a spatial modulator is used.

The NISLI of the infrared range was exposed to a semiconductor laser of the type (ADL-85502-TL) with a constant power density W = 44 mW / cm ² , with a variation in the radiation dose D from 160 mJ / cm ² to 1.32 J / cm ² , observing the following parameters:

- wavelength λ = 850 nm, coherence length L _coh = 361 μm, pulse duration τ _u = 62.5 μs, pulse frequency f = 1000 Hz, laser radiation power P _rad = 50 mW, radiation exposure 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 s.

The NISLI of the red range was exposed to a semiconductor laser of the type (HLDH-660-A-50-01) with a constant power density W = 44 mW / cm ² , with a variation in the radiation dose D from 160 mJ / cm ² to 1.32 J / cm ² s compliance with the following parameters:

- wavelength λ = 658 nm, coherence length L _coh = 217 μm, pulse duration τ _u = 62.5 μs, pulse frequency f = 1000 Hz, laser radiation power P _rad = 50 mW, radiation exposure 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 s.

The spatial modulator is a multilayer structure with a randomly inhomogeneous medium enclosed between two transparent plates with a diameter of (120 mm × 2 mm). Chavanprash biologically active additive (BAA) was used as a component of the spatial modulator, subject to the following parameters:

transmittance - 41%;

optical density - 0.39;

The advantage of the method is that the use of a circular sweep allows stimulation of seeds over a large area, and the combination of two wavelengths of laser radiation modulated by a spatial modulator when exposed to seeds causes a more significant response than when exposed to a source with a single wavelength. This method of stimulation leads to a significant acceleration of the growth processes (the growth rate of cells, organs and tissues), an increase in the percentage of seed germination, an improvement in plant nutrition due to an increase in the degree of absorption of K ⁺ , Ca ⁺⁺ , Mg ⁺⁺ ions, and an increase in the activity of energy respiration processes and photosynthesis.

A device for stimulating seeds consists of three blocks. In the control program formation unit (BFUP), the program controlling the stimulator is set from the control panel (PU). On the rotating carriage (VK) is located the radiation flux forming unit (BFPI), which according to a given program controls the operation mode of the lasers. A spatial modulator (PM) and a container for placing seeds are placed in the container block (KB).

To explain the invention proposed drawings.

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a plant and a scanning circuit for seed stimulation, consisting of three blocks, where:

BFUP - control program formation unit, consisting of:

BP - power supply unit;

PU - control panel;

SFKSUM - a scheme for the formation and coding of control signals and the formation of the modulation frequency;

SUDVK - carriage rotation engine control circuit;

DVK - carriage rotation motor;

SFSVT - signal generation circuit of a rotating transformer;

VTS - rotating transformer (stator);

SD - LED;

PD - photodiode;

ШПВК - gear wheel for carriage rotation.

BFPI - radiation flux forming unit, consisting of:

VTR - rotating transformer (rotor);

VBP - secondary power supply;

PSUM - receiver of control and modulation signals;

SDSU - scheme decoder control signals;

SUML - laser modulator control circuit;

MIKL - modulator of an infrared laser;

MKL - red laser modulator;

L1 - laser red;

L2 - infrared laser;

SUDVP - motor control scheme of a rotating tetrahedral prism;

DVP - prism rotation engine;

VP - a rotating tetrahedral prism;

Z1 - reflective mirror;

Z2 - reflective mirror;

KUL - an angle-correcting lens.

KB - container block, consisting of:

PM - spatial modulator;

BWC - a container for placing seeds.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of a seed stimulation apparatus.

In FIG. 3 shows a section of the installation.

The method of stimulation is as follows.

The stimulator work program is generated from the control panel (PU) of the control program formation unit (BFUP), where the sequence of the laser operation, the radiation time, the number of radiation cycles, and the laser modulation frequency are set. In the scheme for generating and encoding control signals and generating a modulation frequency (SFKSUM), stimulator control signals are generated and encoded, and the laser modulation frequency is set. Through the optical system LED-photodiode (SD-PD), the encoded signals, and then the modulating signal, are fed to the receiver of control and modulation signals (PSUM) of the radiation flux forming unit (BFPI) of the rotating carriage (VK). From the receiver (PSUM), the encoded signal is fed to the control signal decoder circuit (SDSU) and then to the laser modulator control circuit (SUML), and the modulating signal is sent to red and infrared laser modulators (MKL and MIKL). The laser modulator control circuit (SUML) turns the lasers on and off according to the generated control program.

The carriage rotation motor (DVK) is switched on automatically by the program or from the control panel (PU) through the carriage rotation motor control circuit (SUDVK), the rotation speed is one revolution per second. The moment of rotation of the engine by means of a gear wheel drive (ShPVK) is transmitted to the shaft of rotation of the carriage. Voltage to all circuits of the control program forming unit (BFUP) is supplied from the built-in power supply unit (PSU). The voltage to the rotating carriage (VK) is supplied from a rotating transformer (VTS), the stator of which is fixedly mounted. Pulse high-frequency voltage on the primary winding of a rotating transformer is supplied from the signal generation circuit of a rotating transformer (SPSVT). In the unit for generating the radiation flux (BFPI) of the rotating carriage (VK), the alternating voltage is removed from the secondary winding of the rotor of the rotating transformer (VTR) and supplied to the secondary power supply unit (VBP), which feeds all block circuits (BFUP). The prism rotation motor (DVP) turns on when a common voltage is applied. The engine control (DVP) is carried out through the engine control circuit of the rotating tetrahedral prism (SUDVP), the rotation speed is stabilized by a crystal oscillator and is 1000 rpm.

A device for stimulating seeds works as follows. The laser beam reflected from the mirrors (31 or 32) falls on a rotating prism, turns around in a line, and, reflected from it, is projected onto a spatial modulator (which is an anisotropic quasi-liquid crystal diffraction grating).

The rotating carriage performs a circular scan along the monolayer of the spatial modulator with a laser beam (the duration of one scan cycle is 0.5 seconds). As a result, an interference laser field (with its speckle structure) is formed at each point of incidence of the laser beam, which, acting on a biological object, leads to the stimulation of biological processes.

Example

As a biological object used seeds of cucumber varieties "Bush" early ripening. Dry seeds were formed in five separate groups (50 seeds in each of the experiments), each formed group consisted of a control and experimental. Then the seeds were soaked in the water left over from the tap at room temperature and left for a day. Hatching seeds of 50 pieces were once exposed to NISLI with PM in the installation (Fig. 1) under illumination of 10-15 lux. The choice of a pulse repetition frequency of laser pulses of 1000 Hz and a temporary exposure were experimentally identified by previous experiments. Such an irradiation regime stimulates the course of growth processes and contributes to the realization of the genetic potential. Then the seeds were sown in seedling plastic cassettes, filled with peat nutrient soil firm "Agrobalt". Cassettes 30 × 50 cm in size consisted of 35 cells. In each cell, 1 seed was sown. Sowing was carried out on May 25, mass seedlings appeared in 4-5 days. By the time of planting, the seedlings were in the phase of 1-2 real leaves.

When assessing the productivity of plants in the control variant, commodity yield was 25.6 fruits per m ² . For all other options using NISLI with PM, these indicators are significantly higher. The highest rates were observed in experimental II and amounted to 32.8 fruits with one m ² (see Fig. 4).

When comparing the yield data, a significant excess in yield was found in all variants of the experiment with respect to the control. In all variants of the experiment, where the effect of NISLI with PM was used, significant yield increases were obtained. The highest yield increase was obtained in the II variant - 4.2 kg / m ² , which is 50.0% higher than in the control variant.

The experiments showed an increase in yield for all variants of the experiment, it occurred mainly due to an increase in the number of fruits per unit area. An increase in the mass of fruits was also noted in comparison with the control, but it is not so great. Only when exposed to NISLI with PM at an exposure of 30 sec, were the fruits 16 g more than in the control.

Thus, the optimal exposure mode is created by a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz and a temporary exposure of 30 seconds.

This method was tested in 2011 at the vegetable experimental plot of the peasant farm "Rodnik" of the village of Shchelino, Shimsky district, Novgorod region.

Claims (2)

1. A method of presowing seed stimulation, characterized in that the hatching seeds after daily soaking are exposed once to 10-15 lx with low-intensity scanning laser radiation, first with an infrared laser range of type ADL-85502-TL with a constant power density W = 44 mW / cm ² when the radiation dose D is varied from 160 mJ / cm ² to 1.32 J / cm ² , wavelength λ = 850 nm, and a laser pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz for radiation exposure of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 s, and then red laser range type HLDH-660-A -50-01 with a power density W = 44 mW / cm ² when varying the dose of radiation D from 160 mJ / cm ² to 1.32 J / cm ² , wavelength λ = 658 nm and a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz when the radiation exposure 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 s), an additionally modulated spatial modulator. 2. A device for presowing stimulation of seeds, characterized in that it includes a control program forming unit that synchronizes the operation of the entire device; a radiation flux generating unit mounted on a rotating carriage for generating a circle of laser radiation scanning in a circle, comprising two lasers; moreover, the laser radiation of each of the two lasers by means of reflecting mirrors, a rotating tetrahedral prism is turned into a line and then projected onto a spatial modulator, which is a multilayer anisotropic quasi-liquid diffraction grating enclosed between two transparent plates, as a result of which at each incidence point of the modulated laser beam an interference laser field with its speckle structure, which, acting on the seeds, leads to a stimulus tion of biological processes; as well as a container block for accommodating a spatial modulator and stimulated seeds.

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