RU2377752C2 - Method of leguminose grasses seed preplant treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeds undergo a single-staged polifactor ray treatment with the help of a RIKTA-05 magnetic-infrared-laser apparatus in the STANDARD mode, the pulse recurrence rate being 1000 Hz and exposure 18-20 min at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the object.

EFFECT: invention enables improvement of leguminose plants seeds germination energy and germination capacity and reduction of their seed hardness.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the preparation of seeds for sowing.

A known method of stimulating seed germination by treating plants with a laser beam, with the determination of irradiation modes and simultaneous monitoring of the vital activity of living organisms. In the known method for determining the irradiation mode, the area of the illuminated surface of the object is determined depending on the geometric parameters and the dispersion angle of the generated radiation flux of a helium-neon laser with determining the distance from the center of dispersion to the irradiated living organism (patent No. 200555344, IPC A01G 7/04, published 22.12 .1992).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in determining the processing modes depending on the geometric parameters and the scattering angle. For irradiation of small seeds, the method is ineffective.

The closest technical solution is the method of stimulation, in which the seeds are processed by a laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm (patent No. 2286037, IPC A01C 1/00, published October 27, 2006). However, exposure to seeds (especially hard ones) by a laser with such a wavelength is not effective enough, since the radiation of devices operating in the visible light range penetrates into biological tissues to a lesser depth and already in the first millimeters loses its coherence and polarization.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method. This goal is achieved by the fact that the seeds are subjected to a single multifactorial irradiation with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hertz (Hz) and an exposure of 18-20 minutes at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the object.

The method is as follows.

Dry seeds of legumes are irradiated once at a distance of 1-1.5 cm using the RIKTA-05 magneto-infrared laser apparatus in the Standard mode with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz and an exposure time of 18-20 minutes. Such an irradiation regime stimulates the process of seed awakening and contributes to the realization of genetic potential.

The choice of pulse repetition rate during irradiation (1000 Hz) is explained by the fact that at this frequency the stimulating effect on the seeds increases due to an increase in power flux density and energy flux density. This creates an optimal temperature gradient for the implementation of membrane transfer and increase the potential energy of cells with the formation of physiologically active compounds in seed tissues.

Irradiation parameters: the distance from the emitter to the object and the temporary exposure were determined experimentally. When the emitter is located at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the object, the radiation energy loss in the form of dispersion during seed processing is minimal, since the power flux density of the diverging optical beam falls inversely with the square of the distance from the emitter to the seed surface.

An exposure of 18-20 minutes allows you to provide a sufficient dose of radiation necessary for the thermal expansion of the cytoplasm and membrane channels, stimulate the effects on the membrane cell metabolism, and activate enzymes.

Quantum exposure uses environmentally friendly forms of electromagnetic radiation and is based on the use of the smallest doses of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is a multifactorial, simultaneous effect on the biological structures of an object of pulsed infrared laser radiation, pulsating broadband infrared radiation, red radiation and a constant magnetic field and is not reduced to a simple summation of the laser action in the infrared, red ranges and magnetic field.

The wavelength range of the broadband pulsating infrared radiation of the magnetic infrared laser apparatus is 800-900 nm. The quantum energy here is 1.6 eV. However, the incoherent and unpolarized broadband nature of such radiation ensures complete safety of exposure to biological tissues.

The pulsating broadband red radiation of an apparatus with wavelengths of 600-700 nm has a slightly higher quantum energy compared to the infrared part of the spectrum (less than 2 eV), which is also insufficient for the occurrence of destructive processes in tissues, but activating photobiological processes in seeds.

The constant magnetic field of the apparatus with an induction of 35 ± 10 mT exerts a noticeable potentiating effect on all components of multifactorial radiation. The photoelectric effect is enhanced by a constant magnetic field. In this case, energy is generated that makes, on the one hand, non-radiative transitions in intercellular spaces, and on the other hand, contributes to the creation of a temperature gradient in the structures of a biological object. In addition, under the influence of a magnetic field, the dielectric constant of biopolymers increases, which contributes to an increase in the penetration of infrared radiation deep into the seeds.

The effectiveness of irradiation of legume seeds was confirmed by a series of experiments.

Example 1. The seeds of clover were irradiated with a magneto-infrared-laser apparatus "Rikta-05" in the "Standard" mode with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz with the emitter located at a distance of 1 cm from the seeds and a temporary exposure of 18 minutes After irradiation, the seeds were grown sprouted in Petri dishes on filter paper under constant temperature and light conditions.

Example 2. Alfalfa seeds were irradiated with the sowing magneto-infrared-laser apparatus "Rikta-05" in the "Standard" mode with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz with the emitter located at a distance of 1.5 cm from the seeds and a temporary exposure of 20 minutes After irradiation, the seeds were grown sprouted in Petri dishes on filter paper under constant temperature and light conditions.

In the experiments, germination energy, laboratory germination were determined and the amount of hard seeds was counted. The experimental data are presented in the table.

Determination of indicators of viability of clover seeds and meadow alfalfa depending on irradiation Experience Options Germination energy,% Germination,% The amount of hard seeds,% Meadow clover Sowing alfalfa Meadow clover Sowing alfalfa Meadow clover Sowing alfalfa The control 32 35 43 47 17 fifteen Prototype 58 56 53 fifty fifteen fourteen Seed treatment at a distance of 0.3-0.8 cm, exposure 10-15 minutes 73 75 82 81 eleven 12 Seed treatment at a distance of 1.0-1.5 cm, exposure of 18-20 minutes - proposed 76 78 88 86 9 6 Seed treatment at a distance of 2.0-2.5 cm, exposure 25-30 min 71 73 78 79 8 7

Multifactorial radiation potentiates the photophysical and photochemical processes in the tissues of the seeds. Photophysical reactions are mainly due to the heating of tissues and the non-radiative distribution of heat in them. Photochemical reactions are associated with the movement of electrons in different orbits of atoms of an absorbing substance.

The main influence factor of the apparatus is pulsed infrared laser radiation of a semiconductor arsenide-galium laser diode with a wavelength of 890 nanometers (nm), which corresponds to a greater depth of laser radiation penetration into biological tissues, since biological tissues have the highest optical transparency for the near infrared range. This radiation has monochromaticity, spatial and temporal coherence and polarization, and due to these properties it has a powerful stimulating effect on the membrane cell metabolism, activates enzymes, protein synthesis, and increases ATP production. It does not cause excessive energy changes, since the energy of the quantum of infrared radiation used in the apparatus is about 1.5 electron-volts (eV), while natural processes are not disturbed. At the same time, this energy is enough to stimulate vibrational processes in the molecules of the irradiated substance and activate the electronic excitation of atoms. In this case, light energy is almost completely spent on photophysical reactions, that is, it turns into heat. This causes thermal expansion of the cytoplasm and membrane channels, the catalysis of biological processes, a change in the viscoelastic properties of the plasmalemma and intracellular membranes. In this case, the temperature gradient caused by the radiation of the apparatus is very small and not capable of causing irreversible changes in cell structures, but it is sufficient to effect membrane transfer and increase the potential energy of cells with the formation of physiologically active compounds in the tissues.

Thus, the optimal irradiation mode is created by a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz, a temporary exposure of 18-20 minutes and the location of the emitter at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the surface of the seeds.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the germination of seeds of leguminous herbs, including their single treatment before sowing with a magneto-infrared laser device in a certain mode, characterized in that the seeds are subjected to multifactorial, simultaneous exposure of the biological structures of the object to pulsed infrared laser radiation, pulsating broadband infrared radiation, red radiation and a constant magnetic field with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz and an exposure of 18-20 minutes at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the object.