RU2563950C1 - Ice exhaust gas purification process and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed process consists in electric heating of catalytically active element (5) made of wire mesh or spiral of base metal to be heated at invariable resistance. Exhaust gases are purified with the help of carbon oxide methanation and nitrogen oxides reduction in reducing medium of neutralizer chamber (4). Exhaust gases are cooled after purification with the help of thermoelectric effects, for example, using the thermoelectrical refrigerator (9).

EFFECT: decreased of toxicity of ICE exhaust gases.

2 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the automotive industry, namely to combined catalytic systems for purifying exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and is intended to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases from the engine of heavy vehicles working in quarries or in confined spaces with high requirements for clean air in the working area.

Terms and Definitions

GOST 17.2.1.02-76 (Emissions of automobile engines, tractors, self-propelled agricultural and road-building machines. Terms and definitions) establishes the following definitions:

A system for reducing the toxicity of an automobile engine is a combination of means and devices used to reduce the content of harmful substances in emissions of an automobile engine.

Neutralization - neutralization of exhaust gases using devices installed in the exhaust system of a car engine.

The car engine toxicity reduction system classifies the following types of converters:

- a catalytic converter of exhaust gases of a car engine - a device for neutralizing exhaust gases of a car engine by catalytic effect;

- a flame converter of exhaust gases of an automobile engine - a device for neutralizing exhaust gases of an engine by afterburning in an open flame;

- thermal vehicle exhaust gas aftertreatment converter - a thermal storage device for neutralizing exhaust gases from a car engine by flameless oxidation;

- liquid vehicle engine exhaust gas neutralizer - a device for neutralizing vehicle engine exhaust gas by chemical bonding with liquid reagents;

- Recirculation of exhaust gases from a car engine - Bypass of exhaust gases into the intake system of a car engine.

A receiver (Eng. Receiver, from receive - receive, receive, receive) is a vessel for accumulating gas or steam entering it and consumed through pipes of a smaller cross section, as well as to smooth out pressure fluctuations caused by pulsating flow and intermittent flow. In the compression unit, the Receiver is also intended for cooling the gas and separating drops of oil and moisture. [Great Soviet Encyclopedia / Collection of Encyclopedias and Dictionaries. - Access mode: http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Resiver-76534.html - 07/09/2014].

Exhaust gases, automobile exhaust or “exhaust gases” of internal combustion engines according to the terminology of GOST 17.2.1.02-76, hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas engine”.

“Hydrocarbons of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine”

Shaposhnikov Yu.A. in the dissertation research [Shaposhnikov Yu.A. A methodology to improve the environmental safety of motor vehicles in operating conditions .: the dissertation ... doctors tehn. Sciences: 05.22.10 / Yu.A. Shaposhnikov. - Barnaul: GOU VPO Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunova ”, 2006 - 438 s] subdivides up to 280 names of products of hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis, including products of chain thermal explosion reactions - pyrolysis and synthesis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, phenols). Previously, this entire toxic hydrocarbon complex was defined as “hydrocarbons in terms of hexane”. Environmentalists, in particular Drugov Yu.S., subdivide 69 environmentally hazardous compounds related to the products of fuel combustion in engines. [Drugov Yu.S. Methods of analysis of air pollution / Yu.S. Friend [et al.]. - M .: Chemistry, 1984. - 384 p.]. Currently, hygiene standards require a separate definition of each of the components, taking into account their highest hazard class (table 1).

Table 1 - Summary data on the nomenclature, maximum content of harmful substances (EXPLOSIVES) in the air of the working area (mg / m ³ ) and emission standards for explosives with diesel engines (g / kW · h)

General level of technical development

To reduce the toxicity of automobile exhaust, the majority of American automobile manufacturing companies, using the reaction of oxidation of CO to CO ₂ , prefer cold catalytic processes using noble metal catalysts (for example, US patent No. 3607133 MKI B01J 9/06). Moreover, it was found that the introduction of metallic palladium into the catalyst leads to almost complete oxidation of CO at temperatures of 30-80 ° C at a reaction volume rate of 6 · 10 ³ h ^-1 . Moreover, palladium in activity is inferior to platinum almost ten times (cited by T. Melik-Akhnazarov and others, 1988).

In the analysis of modern patent literature, we found that the direction of world technical development of catalytic treatment deviates from the neutralization of only CO in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, while it was taken into account that the efficiency of the catalysis process is prevented by the deposition of soot, aerosol oils and fuels on the film surface, which can cause poisoning of catalysts. This led to the installation of soot filters and coarse filters in front of the catalysts (patents RU No. 2164442, No. 2017988, No. 2187663, No. 2297544).

In particular, the Federal Republic of Germany has developed a method and apparatus for cleaning gases from soot particles using electrostatic precipitators (MKI V03C 3/14 of the Federal Republic of Germany application No. 3314170 “Method and apparatus for cleaning gases from soot particles”, No. 3314168 “Method and apparatus for cleaning gases from soot particles ", No. 33393926" Device for cleaning gases "). In this case, the device is mounted in diesel vehicles after the muffler. Moreover, the positive electrode, made, including in the form of tapes or metal chips, is supplied with voltage up to 10 kV. During the cleaning process, small particles settle on the electrodes, agglomerate into larger ones, after which they can easily be removed from the gas stream. To clean the soot from exhaust gas of diesel engines is proposed to use an electrostatic capacity of 10 thousand. M ³ / h with precipitation C-shaped and jagged-belt corona electrodes. The required degree of purification at a gas velocity of 0.6 m ³ / s corresponds to the electrical resistance of the agglomerated soot layer equal to 10 ⁷ Ohm · m. Removing the accumulated soot layer is done by simple shaking. (Golosov MA, Sanaev Yu.I. Research of electric cleaning of exhaust gases of engines. // Industrial and sanitary cleaning of gases, M .: 1985, No. 2, p. 10). The main advantage of the method is the fact that the most dangerous respirable soot particles with sizes less than 2 microns are removed from the exhaust stream of diesel engines.

A known method for the catalytic purification of NO ₂ -containing exhaust gases of diesel engines based on the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen by adding ammonia to the gas mixture, followed by passing gases through the catalyst on a carrier (application Germany No. P3407291.8 MKI B01D 53/36, F01N 3/20).

Fokin D.V. (Gasoline engine power supply system / Fokin website personal page. - Access mode: http://www.dvfokin.narod.ru/auto_ych/Benzin/Benzin_abgas_katalitic.htm. - June 11, 2014) considers the catalyst from rhodium as a deoxidizer of nitric oxide to nitrogen and carbon dioxide by contact with carbon monoxide.

The known method of high-temperature oxidative neutralization of the sum of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in the composition of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, in which both harmful components of the diesel exhaust are neutralized: CO + NO → 0.5N ₂ + CO ₂ . The process proceeds with a multiple excess of air and at temperatures above 1000 ° C or when using catalysts with halides of aluminum, copper, chromium, manganese and cobalt (Japanese patent No. 58-49436).

Essential additional features of the neutralizers are devices for supplying additional air to the neutralizer, which ensures the complete oxidation of the toxicants of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (for example, RU RU No. 2159344, No. 2263794, No. 2239706, No. 2125168; SU patent No. 1809133; DE patent No. 2212929; GB patent No. 1418912 ), or the injection of additional liquid, hydrogen or hydrocarbons into the catalyst to optimize the process (patents RU No. 2187663, 2125168; SU patent No. 1000563; US patent No. 5292704).

In this case, more often use electric heating of the catalyst, for example, patents RU No. 215168, 2175074, 2022127, 2159344; patent SU 1809133; Patent D 2212929; EP patents No. 0638710; 0485179; US patent No. 4059676, No. 4877592.

Analogs

The closest analogues of the proposed technical solution should be considered as follows.

1. "Combined exhaust gas aftertreatment system of a diesel engine" containing a catalytic converter with intake and exhaust pipelines, a liquid catalyst having a control damper, a liquid atomizer, lead and driven screws, with a soot trap installed around the perimeter of the converter body (patent RU No. 2187663 F01N 3/08, published February 20, 2002. Authors: Medvedev Yu.S. et al. Patentee: Ivanovo Military Automobile Institute).

The disadvantage of this device is the need for long-term periodic high-temperature regeneration of the converter, which is coked during operation.

2. “An exhaust gas neutralizer of a vehicle’s internal combustion engine”, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, an air supply channel, a block of plates mounted sequentially one after another, the surfaces of which are coated with a layer of catalytically active substances, the plates being placed in the housing between the input and output pipes, as well as a heating device having a capacitive energy storage device, which is used to heat the heating device and then turned off by odatchika and transistor (AS USSR №1809133 F01N 3/02 Bee №14 1993).

The disadvantage of this device is the high aerodynamic resistance to the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine, which negatively affects the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

3. In analytical chemistry, the type of “carbon monoxide methanation” reaction is known, in which carbon monoxide is converted to methane at a temperature of 325 ° C in contact with a catalyst in the form of finely chopped N20X80 nichrome wire pretreated at 1000 ° C. The reaction is described and used in the chromatographic analysis of the content of carbon monoxide in gas samples (Kedik L.M., Novikov I.S. “Using the gas chromatography method for determination of CO in air” // Hygiene and Sanitation, 1984, No. 4, p. 45 -46). Earlier Dmitriev M.T. and Kolesnikov G.M. (1980) showed the possibility of CO methanation already at 270 ° C on a nickel catalyst (chromosorbent Ρ 60-80 mm grit was impregnated with 10% nickel nitrate solution) (Dmitriev MG, Kolesnikov GM “On gas chromatographic determination of CO in atmospheric air "// Hygiene and sanitation, 1980, No. 3, 53-54). The theoretical aspects of the carbon monoxide methanation reaction are examined in detail by modern chemists [http://e-him.ru/?page=dynamic&section=53&article=682]. It is known that nichrome structures when the “catalytic ignition temperature” reaches about 325 ° C, after which the neutralization reaction is “chain or volumetric” with a progressive decrease in the temperature of the gas mixture [Barelko V.V., Volodin Yu.E. // Dokl. USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1973. - t. 2, No. 6. - from. 1373].

However, the CO methanation reaction as a way to neutralize the engine exhaust gas in the automotive industry was not used.

The closest technical solution that we adopted as a prototype is the “Method for cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and a device for its implementation”, which consists in electrically heating a catalytically active element made in the form of a mesh or spiral of a base metal, such as iron, nickel alloyed with the surface of the catalyst, for example palladium, platinum, while supplying additional air necessary for the implementation of the oxidation of carbon monoxide on the catalyst. In this case a mesh or a spiral are stretched across the exhaust gas stream, the catalyst heating is carried out in a constant resistance, and the device comprises a thermostat (Pat. №2159344 Russian Federation, ^IPC7 F02V 75/10. A method for purification of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine / Mashkina L. B .; applicant and patent holder Institute for Structural Macrokinetics and Problems of Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences - No. 99113298/06; application no. 21.06.99; publ. 20.11.00. URL: http://www1.fips.ru/flps_servl/fips_servlet - Date of application : 06/11/2014).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to supply additional air to the converter housing.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the toxicity of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of heavy vehicles operating in quarries or in confined spaces with high requirements for clean air in the working area.

This goal is achieved by a method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which consists in electrically heating a catalytically active element made of wire mesh or a coil of base metal, the heating of which is carried out in a constant resistance mode, according to the invention, the exhaust gases are purified using the reaction of carbon monoxide methanation and reduction of oxides nitrogen in the reducing atmosphere of the catalyst chamber, and the exhaust gases are cooled after cleaning the use of thermoelectric effects.

Moreover, the device for implementing the method, made in the form of a converter chamber, in which the electrically heated grids or spirals of the catalytic element are stretched in several rows across the exhaust gas flow and are interconnected with the temperature regulator, according to the invention, the grids or spirals of the catalytic element are made of a nickel-chromium alloy, the converter chamber is equipped with a receiver with a particulate filter of a cassette type, a thermoelectric device for cooling the exhaust gas stream, and a level warning device centration of toxic substances in the composition of the exhaust gases, while the thermoelectric device for cooling the exhaust gas stream is electrically provided with a thermoelectric generator located inside the converter chamber.

The exhaust gas purification device of the internal engine for implementing the inventive method is shown in FIG. one.

A device that implements the inventive method comprises: a pipe 1 of an exhaust gas of a vehicle, a receiver 2; diesel particulate filter 3; converter chamber 4, electrically heated grids or coils of the catalytic element 5, temperature regulator 6, thermocouple 7; panel thermoelectric generator 8; thermoelectric refrigerator panels 9; gas analyzer 10; detector 11 for detecting hazardous concentrations of any component; particulate filter change mechanism 12 3.

The method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is as follows.

The exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine from the exhaust pipe 1 of the vehicle enters the receiver 2 and through the particulate filter 3 of the cassette type is sent to the catalyst chamber 4, in which the exhaust gases are in contact with the catalytic elements 5, the filaments of which are made of a nickel-chromium alloy, electrically heated by thermostat 6, moreover, the temperature in the volume of the chamber of the Converter 4 is controlled by a thermocouple 7, interconnected with a thermostat 6; while in the chamber of the converter 4, the exhaust gases heat the panels of the thermoelectric generator 8, the electrical panels of the thermoelectric refrigerator 9, cooling the flow of gases exhausting from the chamber of the converter 4; the exhaust gas stream is subjected to analysis by the gas analyzer 10 for the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons), and the gas analyzer 10, equipped with an alarm 11 for detecting hazardous concentrations of any component (more than 30 MPC of the working area), gives an alarm that triggers the mechanism 12 change of the particulate filter 3. Upon an alarm, the ATC driver changes the cartridge of the particulate filter 3 and checks the integrity of the power supply circuit of the thermostat 6, which ensures thermocatalytic operation neutralizer.

Constructive decisions

The exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine dramatically loses speed when it enters from receiver 1 to receiver 2 due to the multiple difference in the diameters of pipe 1 and receiver 2, which leads to swirling of the stream and sedimentation of solid particles, water droplets and aerosols of hydrocarbon pyrolysis products on the walls of the receiver 2 . To remove accumulated condensed particles in the lower part of the receiver 2 provides an outlet with a tap or float type closure. Thus, the receiver 2 functions as a coarse filter, while the suspended soot and aerosol particles are blocked by a mesh droplet separator installed at the outlet at the top of the receiver 2.

Finer cleaning of dispersed soot particles and aerosols of the gas flow is performed when the exhaust gas engine passes through one of the particulate filters 3, the inlet of which at the moment coincides with the outlet in the upper part of the receiver 2. It is possible to use the cartridge form of the particulate filter 3 or drum turret type, allowing you to change the used particulate filter 3 by a rotary mechanism 12 manually or by a remote pulse from the driver's cab.

For energy supply of catalytic chromium-nickel spirals 5, it is provided to use a power take-off device from the engine shaft, and when using heated nickel-chromium filaments, preference was given to an additional battery pack.

Cooling the flow of gases leaving the chamber 4 of the Converter is necessary as a means of preventing the explosion of a dust cloud or explosive gases, always present in the atmosphere of mine drifts. In the claimed technical solution, preference is given to using a thermoelectric generator 8 with medium temperature panels that provide electrical panels for a thermoelectric refrigerator 9, since the operation of freon or ammonia refrigerators is associated with the risk of leakage of toxic refrigerants. At the same time, it was considered economically feasible to use a secondary heat energy source (the temperature of the gases before leaving the converter chamber reaches 700 ° C).

An alarm signal 11 initiates a processor interconnected with a gas analyzer 10 according to the principle of operation of a formal neuron with feedback, with a concentration exceeding 30 MAC of the working area of any of the analyzed elements that are embedded in the processor comparison unit. On cars with the lack of an “electronic engine management system”, in addition to the sound of the siren, there is an option to light an alarm lamp on the car control panel. Alarm 11 indicates an abnormal situation in the operation of the catalytic converter due to: a) blockade of the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine (particulate filter clogged); b) damage to the power supply circuit of the temperature regulator 6. To fix the problem, the ATC driver must change the particulate filter cartridge 3, empty the receiver 2 from excessive accumulation of liquid fractions of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and check the integrity of the power supply circuit of the temperature regulator 6, which ensures the operation of the thermocatalytic converter.

Case Study

The inventive method was tested on an experimental installation of a prototype industrial design. In this case, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine of a gasoline engine was used for cleaning (ZIL-130 of 1980 with a mileage of 350 thousand km.). The temperature of the gases leaving the neutralizer chamber at the inlet of the gas analyzer was maintained by cooling to a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C.

Constructive comments

The converter chamber is horizontal and cylindrical in shape with dimensions of 500 mm in length, 200 mm in diameter (16 l in volume), with welded end ends having gas inlet and outlet openings, the outer surface of the chamber being thermally insulated and the openings on the side of the chamber with passing in them channels for chromium-nickel spirals (H20X80) and thermocouples are sealed. At the same time, a sampling probe of a measuring instrument having a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 15 mm is located in the center of the channel for removing the gas stream from the neutralizer chamber and does not complicate the removal of the treated gases. The number of simultaneously operating catalytic coils providing the desired temperature inside the cavity of the catalyst chamber varied from two to three, with a power of up to 3000 watts.

In the experiment, the particulate filter was represented by cassettes, in which five disk-shaped Petryanov filters (FPPs) (50 mm in diameter) with a minimum aerodynamic drag (0.1 mm Hg) were placed between two layers of metal fixing grids. The mass and composition of the filter cake after the experiment were determined by the gravimetric method and chemical-analytical methods after extraction with benzene.

An analysis of the exhaust gas composition of the internal combustion engine before and after the neutralizer chamber was controlled using the INFRAKAR 5M2T analytical system. 02 serial number 613 ", which allows to determine the concentrations of CO, NO, CO ₂ , O ₂ and CH (every time) every second.

The concentration of the ingredients of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine before entering into the chamber of the catalyst and after catalytic purification are shown in tables 2-4. The dependences of the concentrations of CO, NO, CO ₂ , O ₂ and CH (total) of the exhaust gas composition of the internal combustion engine on the temperature in the converter chamber are shown in FIG. 2-6.

We evaluate the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment of internal combustion engines from the temperature at which the catalysts began to operate (300 ° C), since at temperatures from 20 to 250 ° C the operation modes of the converter were unstable (table 3).

Purification of exhaust gas engine from carbon monoxide

The experimental results confirm the fact that catalytic reactions proceed at temperatures above the “ignition temperature” of the catalyst. In our experiments, the purification of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines from carbon monoxide on nichrome converters proceeds at temperatures above 300 ° C. In this regard, the analysis of trends in carbon monoxide concentrations is shown at temperatures above 300 ° C (Fig. 2).

In this case, the greatest cleaning was detected at a temperature inside the chamber of the converter 650 ° C. A more detailed analysis showed that at an exhaust gas flow rate of ICE of 50 dm ³ / min and a neutralizer chamber capacity of 16 dm ^{3, the} carbon monoxide removal efficiency reaches 9.25 mg / min W, and the mass of neutralized carbon monoxide depended little on the area of the spirals in the chamber catalyst and reached 3.0 · 10 ^-1 mg / min cm. This fact is of practical importance, since it is known that nichrome structures when reaching a "catalytic ignition temperature" of about 325 ° C, after which the neutralization reaction is "chain or volumetric »With prog a spring drop in the temperature of the gas mixture [Barelko VV, Volodin Yu.E. // Dokl. USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1973. - t. 2, No. 6. - from. 1373]. This fact allows us to significantly reduce the contact area of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine with the catalyst when designing an industrial converter model.

For reference:

The ignition temperature of carbon monoxide in a mixture with air is 610 ° C, with a combustibility range in a mixture with air: lower from 12.5% and upper - not more than 74.2%, taking into account the air / gas ratio from 7.1 (lower limit) up to 0.34 (upper limit). In this case, the ignition temperature of methane in a mixture with air is 537 ° C with a combustibility range of 5.0-15.0% and with an air / gas ratio of 19.0 to 5.65. (EI Kazantsev "Industrial furnaces". M: Metallurgy, 1975, p. 189).

From the data of our experiment it follows that the processes of a sharp decrease in CO concentrations were recorded long before the catalyst was heated to a flash point of carbon monoxide (610 ° C) or methane (537 ° C), which allows us to conclude that a catalytic reaction proceeds. In addition, the very fact of a lower flammability limit of CO of 12.5% excludes the possibility of igniting the mixture with the concentration used in the experiments (not more than 4.0%). On this basis, we exclude the possibility of fire neutralization of carbon monoxide concentrations in the conditions of the experiment. The dependence of the purification of the internal combustion engine exhaust from carbon monoxide at various temperatures can be described by the equation y = 582.2e ^-0.0031x .

Purification of exhaust gas engine from nitrogen oxides in a reducing atmosphere.

The experiment showed (Fig. 3) that the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (in total) in the composition of the purified gases are practically not determined even at a temperature of 650 ° C, which indicates the efficiency of the process of their reduction on chromium-nickel neutralizers at an oxygen concentration of 1.8% (233 mg / m ³ ), which corresponds to the characteristic of the "reducing atmosphere".

The dynamics of changes in oxygen concentrations in the process of temperature increase during the catalytic neutralization of exhaust gas of internal combustion engines on chromium-nickel catalysts shows the alternation of oxygen evolution and absorption (Fig. 6). The processes of increasing oxygen concentrations in the reactor, in our opinion, are interrelated both with the processes of thermal decomposition of oxygen-containing products of gasoline pyrolysis and with the process of reduction of nitrogen oxides, which is confirmed by the process of a systematic decrease in the concentration of nitrogen oxides at temperatures above 600 ° C (Fig. 3). The dependence of the purification of the internal combustion engine exhaust from nitrogen oxides at various temperatures can be described by the equation y = -20.295Ln (x) +136.58.

Thus, the experiment confirms the possibility of purification of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine from nitrogen oxides using chromium-nickel catalysts of the claimed design in a reducing atmosphere.

Purification of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines from SN (sum of hydrocarbons and pyrolysis products of motor fuels and oils).

The results of the experiment (Fig. 4) showed the efficiency of cleaning the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines from SN (hydrocarbon complex) by the claimed method even at a temperature inside the neutralizer chamber of 550 ° C and achieving absolute purification from SN at a temperature of 650 ° C. The dependence of the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines from hydrocarbons at various temperatures can be described by the equation y = -616.65Ln (x) +4111.7.

Thus, the claimed method was effective in cleaning the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine from the most toxic components: pyrolysis products of motor fuels and oils, which are toxicants of the highest hazard class. This fact is an additional useful effect of the claimed technical solution.

The use of the claimed technical solution for the method of cleaning the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 550 ° C in the exhaust gases, which excludes the mechanism of their oxidation to CO ₂ . However, the dynamics of the concentration of CO ₂ shows the complexity of the redox processes in neutralizing the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine on a nickel chromium catalyst in a reducing atmosphere (Fig. 5).

The prevalence of the reduction processes of neutralization of toxic substances of the internal combustion engine ICs over the oxidizing ones is especially evident in the dynamics of increasing oxygen concentrations at the outlet of the neutralizer chamber from 0.76% of the initial to 11-18% O ₂ at temperatures of 700-800 ° C (Fig. 6). The regenerative nature of the proposed method is especially evident in the analysis of the processes of reduction of nitrogen oxides of the composition of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine: no nitrogen oxides are detected even at a temperature of 650 ° C (Fig. 3).

This allows us to consider the claimed technical solution as one of the possible mechanisms to reduce the degree of influence of vehicles on environmental systems, announced by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation (speech of the Minister of Donskoy on central heating 07/01/2014) as the direction of "technical and environmental restructuring of domestic industry." The implementation of the proposed invention will allow the domestic auto industry to avoid environmental fines, the size of which the Government of the Russian Federation proposes to increase in the coming years by 25-100 times. At the same time, the use of the claimed technical solution for work in closed volumes of mines and bunkers will help to avoid the threat of poisoning of personnel of the exhaust gas engine enterprises.

A device for implementing the method does not contain precious metals, based on a set of well-known principles of neutralizing the toxic components of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, but in a new previously unknown aggregate it leads to a new technically achievable and socially useful effect.

Claims (2)

1. The method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which consists in electrically heating a catalytically active element made of wire mesh or a coil of base metal, the heating of which is carried out in a constant-resistance mode, characterized in that the exhaust gases are purified using a carbon monoxide methanation reaction and reduction nitrogen oxides in the reducing atmosphere of the catalyst chamber, and the exhaust gases after cleaning are cooled using thermoelectric Sgiach effects. 2. A device for implementing the method, made in the form of a converter chamber, in which the electrically heated grids or spirals of the catalytic element are stretched in several rows across the exhaust gas flow and are interconnected with a temperature regulator, characterized in that the grids or spirals of the catalyst element are made of chromium-nickel alloy, the converter chamber equipped with a receiver with a particulate filter, a thermoelectric device for cooling the exhaust gas stream and an indicator of the level of dangerous concentrations of toxic substances in the composition of the exhaust gases, the thermoelectric cooling device flue gas stream elektroobespecheno thermoelectric generator located inside the neutralizer chamber.

Images