RU2752452C1 - Thermocatalytic exhaust gas neutralizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: exhaust gas catalysts.SUBSTANCE: thermocatalytic exhaust gas neutralizer is designed to neutralize harmful substances in exhaust gases and can be used in internal combustion engines, mobile and stationary installations. The thermocatalytic neutralizer contains an ejector with a flow regulator, a thermal afterburning chamber with a screw, a regulating device with a catalytic converter and an internal spring in a cup in which an infrared emitter and a temperature sensor connected to an infrared emitter voltage regulator are installed in the thermal afterburning chamber, and the catalytic converter housing has a quick-release mechanism in the form of a self-locking bayonet.EFFECT: the use of the invention will increase efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning and simplify the operational characteristics of the device.4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Thermocatalytic converter of exhaust gases is designed to neutralize harmful substances in exhaust gases and can be used in internal combustion engines in mobile and stationary installations.

Known devices for catalytic neutralization of exhaust gases from thermal plants using catalysts. In the book. "Chemistry of the Environment" (translated from English under the editorship of AP Tsygankov - M: Chemistry. 1982. 672 c.) Catalytic reactors are described (Fig. VIII - 12 schemes b, c, p. 224), in which engine modifications and a sophisticated dual catalytic converter system are required.

Known device ("Catalytic converter of exhaust gases" utility model patent No. 118689, bulletin No. 21 from 27.07.2012), which is cleaned in a neutralizer and regulates the zone of catalytic action on the gas depending on the operating mode of the engine. We took this device as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows: in the proposed device there is no provision and maintenance of the required temperature. At that time, it was known that thermocatalytic reactions only take place within a certain temperature range. If the gas temperature is below the required one, then catalytic reactions do not take place, and at temperatures above the permissible catalyst material burns out, becomes covered with an oxide film and catalysis does not pass. Low temperatures are more common in car engines because the gas passing from the combustion chamber to the exhaust pipe, closer to which the catalytic device is installed, cools down significantly. With the cooled gas in the afterburner in the prototype, the afterburning process may not occur. Another disadvantage of the prototype is assembly complexity. The fact is that during operation the catalyst loses its catalytic properties and must be replaced. This requires quick-change devices to replace one catalyst block with a new one. To eliminate these drawbacks and improve the quality of exhaust gas purification, a thermocatalytic converter of exhaust gases has been proposed, which contains an ejector with a flow controller, a thermal afterburner with a screw, a regulator with a catalytic converter and an internal spring in a glass, in which an infrared emitter is installed in the thermal afterburner. and a temperature sensor associated with the voltage regulator of the infrared emitter, and the catalytic converter housing has a quick release mechanism in the form of a self-locking bayonet.

The proposed catalytic converter is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, fig. 3, where

fig. 1 - general view of the device (section),

fig. 2 - attachment point (bayonet),

fig. 3 - view A.

Here: 1 - exhaust gas supply pipe, 2 - ejector, 3 - flow regulator, 4 - air supply pipe, 5 - thermal afterburner, 6 - auger, 7 - infrared emitter, 8 - glass, 9 - spring, 10 - pipe exhaust, 11 - thrust bearing, 12 - bracket, 13 - porous catalyst, 14 - catalytic neutralization unit, 15 - temperature sensor, 16 - voltage regulator, 17 - temperature meter, 18 - power supply, 19 - self-locking valve body, 20 - bushing , 21 - projection, 22 - rotary pin.

Thermocatalytic converter of exhaust gases is attached to the gas inlet pipe 1 by the ejector flange 2, which has an air supply pipe 4 with a flow regulator 3. A thermal afterburner unit 5 is attached to the ejector 2, which has a screw 5 inside, and an infrared emitter 7 is installed coaxially in the center of the screw 6. The meter 7 is powered from a power source 18, in the circuit of which there is a temperature meter 17, a voltage regulator 16. A temperature sensor 15 is included in the electric power circuit of the infrared emitter, installed at the outlet of the thermal afterburner 5. After the afterburner 5, there is a catalytic neutralization unit 14, which is attached to the block 5 with a self-locking "bayonet" type shutter (see unit I). The catalytic neutralization unit 14 has a porous cylindrical catalyst 13 inside, located coaxially, and inside it there is a movable cup 8. Inside the cup 8, a spring 9 is installed, which at one end rests on the bottom of the cup 8. And at the other end rests on a thrust bearing 11, which is fixed by brackets 12 on the exhaust pipe 10. The self-locking bayonet type shutter has a body 19, which is attached to the body 14. The shutter 19 consists of a body, inside of which there is a movable sleeve 20 with a protrusion 21, which enters the profiled groove of the body of the gate 19. The sleeve has a pin at the end swivel 22.

The catalytic converter works as follows. When the engine of the machine is running, the exhaust gases from the nozzle 1 enter the cavity of the ejector 2. Inside the throat of the ejector 2, due to the high gas flow rate, a vacuum is formed, and air is sucked through the air supply nozzle 4 from the atmosphere. Further, the exhaust gases, mixing with air, enter the space of the catalytic afterburner 5, where they move along the screw 6, which is a gas duct. Simultaneously with the start of engine operation, the power source 18 is turned on, which heats the infrared emitter 7, providing the required temperature of the sensor 15, providing control by the device 17 and by regulating the device 16. In the cavity of the block 5, unburned hydrocarbon components are burned out, and then, the gas enters the cavity of the catalytic neutralization 14 and begins to pass through the porous catalyst 13. Depending on the engine operating mode, both the gas composition inside block 5 and the zone of gas passage through the porous catalyst 13 are automatically controlled.

When the engine is idling or at low loads, the volume of gases entering through the nozzle 1 into the ejector, 2 is insignificant, and the velocity of the gases in the ejector creates a low pressure. This small pressure acts on the bottom of the glass 8. Due to the action of the spring 9, the glass 8 overlaps a significant part of the porous catalyst 13, leaving a small part of it for the passage of gas. When the engine is running at medium and full loads, the exhaust gas consumption increases significantly, and the air leakage through the nozzle 4 increases, and the required amount of air in the thermal afterburning cavity 5 is automatically maintained. An increase in gas consumption causes an increase in gas pressure at the bottom of the glass 8, which causes compression of the spring 9, while the area of the porous catalyst 13 is torn off more, the gas passes through the open surface of the catalyst, during the passage of which harmful impurities are neutralized. Further, the cleaned gas is removed through the exhaust pipe 10. Depending on the type of engine, the type of fuel used, preliminary regulation of the flow regulator 3 and voltage regulator 16 is carried out to the required temperature of the sensor 15.

As the engine is operated, the thermocatalytic converter may deteriorate its catalytic properties - oxidation of the catalyst 13 surface, possible clogging of pores, etc. To maintain the efficiency of catalytic neutralization, unit 14 must be replaced and the porous catalyst 13 must be sent for regeneration. A quick change of block 14 is carried out using the shutter 19. By turning the sleeve 20, using the pivot pin 22, move the protrusion 21 in the profiled groove, release the shutter and remove the block 14. Depending on the size of the diameter of the device of the branch pipe 1 and the diameter of the block 5, the number of shutters 19 can be several - 2,4,6, etc. Self-locking of the shutter, which guarantees reliable fastening of the block 19 when the vehicle is moving, is provided by the condition: γ <ρ, where ρ is the friction angle, γ is the angle of the helical line of the profiled groove.

Thus, the use of the proposed thermocatalytic converter of exhaust gases will increase the efficiency of cleaning exhaust gases by automatically regulating the afterburning process and maintaining the required temperature of the catalytic neutralization process and improve performance by simplifying the replacement of the catalyst unit.

Claims (3)

1. Catalytic converter of exhaust gases, containing an ejector with a flow regulator, a thermal afterburner with a screw, a regulator with a catalytic converter and an internal spring in a glass, characterized in that an infrared emitter is installed along the axis of the thermal afterburner with a screw, and the connection of the catalytic housing afterburning with the catalytic converter housing is carried out by a quick-release mechanism. 2. The catalytic converter of exhaust gases according to claim 1, characterized in that the quick-release mechanism is made in the form of a self-locking bayonet. 3. The catalytic converter of exhaust gases according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor is installed in the cavity of the thermal afterburner chamber connected to a voltage regulator on the infrared emitter.

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