RU154120U1 - CAR EXHAUST NEUTRALIZER - Google Patents

Abstract

An automobile exhaust neutralizer comprising a cryogenic type exhaust gas condensate storage chamber with vacuum multi-layer insulation connected in series to a reduction type thermocatalytic reactor chamber, wherein the neutralizer is equipped with a temperature sensor in the condensate storage chamber cavity, a temperature sensor in the thermocatalytic reactor chamber cavity and an indicator of toxic concentrations substances of the composition of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the exhaust channel of the Converter.

Description

The inventive utility model relates to the automotive industry, namely to combined exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of internal combustion engines (exhaust gas engine) and is intended to reduce the toxicity of engine exhaust gases.

Numerous exhaust gas aftertreatment systems have been developed, including catalytic oxidation technologies for unburned hydrocarbon (C _n H _m ) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, soot filters that clean exhaust fumes from respirable suspensions, which are the most toxic component for diesel engines [ Automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment systems / Magazine "Fixed Assets" / [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http: //www.os 1.ru/article/technology/2012_10_A_2012_10_17-14_35_25/ date of treatment 04.11.2014].

Existing methods for purification of nitrogen oxides can be divided into three groups: absorption of nitrogen oxides by liquid sorbents, absorption of nitrogen oxides by solid sorbents and reduction of nitrogen oxides to elemental nitrogen on a catalyst [Technologies for cleaning gaseous emissions and useful utilization of industrial waste / SETAL LLC / [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.rus-tt.ru/specialist/articles/2007/10/30/articles_305.html - accessed date 04.11.2014].

However, tests by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers - Society of Automotive Engineers) showed that injection into the combustion chamber of a water engine is the most effective way to reduce emissions of both nitrogen oxides (up to 90%) and the entire group of exhaust gases [Exhaust gases / Wikipedia / [ Electronic resource] -Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%FB%F5%EB%EE%EF%ED%FB%E5_%E3%E0%E7%FB - accessed date 04.11. 2014].

MAN Diesel & Turbo has developed a method for purifying the exhaust gas of marine diesel engines from nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [Compliance with the standards for nitrogen oxide emissions by ships / Print-Expo LLC / [Electronic resource] - Access mode : http://www.setcorp.ru/main/pressrelease.phtml?news_id=41332&language=russian - date of access 04.11.2014].

Each of these groups is represented by numerous patented technical solutions.

In particular, a catalyst for retaining nitric oxide is described, comprising: a substrate; a first porous oxide coating layer on a substrate, wherein said first porous oxide coating layer contains nitric oxide retaining material comprising cerium oxide support particles coated with barium carbonate; and a second porous oxide coating layer above the first porous oxide coating layer containing a single platinum group metal, wherein the second porous oxide coating layer is substantially free of platinum, cerium and barium, and said single platinum group metal is rhodium supported on particles of heat-resistant metal oxide containing alumina doped with zirconium oxide in an amount of up to 30% [patent RU No. 2504431 "NO _x retaining materials and traps resistant to thermal aging", publ.: 20.01. 2014, bull. No. 2].

The most common systems were those based on the oxidation of the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines by supplying additional air to them in thermal reactors. At the same time, in the oxidizing converters, the rates of reactions of the conversion of C _n H _m and CO to CO ₂ and H ₂ O, H ₂ increase in the presence of an excess of oxygen. Therefore, in an engine with spark ignition at α <1, an additional amount of oxygen is introduced into the exhaust gas stream in front of the converter (for example, RU patent No. 2159344 “Method for purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine”, publ.: 20.11.2000). Catalysts operate at a temperature of + 300 ÷ 800 ° C. Nitrogen oxides by this type of converters cannot be converted to low toxic substances.

When analyzing the technical level, it is necessary to note the method of non-catalytic homogeneous reduction of NO _{x with} ammonia additives and the selective heterogeneous-catalytic process of the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of NH ₃ . In the reduction type converters for reducing NO _x , a reducing medium is created, i.e. chemically bind the oxygen in the exhaust gas. Therefore, in a reducing catalytic converter, nitric oxide under the influence of a catalyst, for example barium oxide, is converted into nitrates, which play the role of a nitrogen oxide accumulator and are subsequently decomposed in an oxidizing converter (for example, patent RU No. 2455503 “Device containing an internal combustion engine operating on poor mixtures, and the exhaust system ”, publ.: July 10, 2012, Bull. No. 19).

In this case, the introduction of ammonia into the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine promotes the reduction of NO to N ₂ and H ₂ O in the presence of oxygen and ammonia (NH ₃ ) introduced as a reducing agent. The process is described by the equation: NO + NH ₃ + 5 / 4O ₂ → N ₂ + 3 / 2H ₂ O. The reaction prevails at a gas flow temperature in the range of 880-1000 ° C. The addition of hydrogen lowers the lower temperature limit. At a molar ratio of H ₂ : NH ₃ = 2: 1, the reduction of nitrogen oxides occurs quite quickly at a temperature of about 700 ° C. Most catalysts are formed on the basis of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) and vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ). Vanadium pentoxide promotes the reaction of the interaction of ammonia and nitrogen oxides and is slightly sensitive to SO ₂ poisoning (patent RU No. 2497577 "System for reducing the toxicity of engine exhaust using a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction" publ.: 10.11.2013, Bull. No. 31; patents RU No. 2489578, No. 2485333, No. 2480592; US 4961917, EP 1 495 804 and US 6914026; EP 1795724; EP 0385164). Similar patents are filed in Japan (JP 3969450).

However, SCR systems (Selective Catalytic Reduction - Selective Catalytic Reduction) have a large mass and overall dimensions, which involves the installation of an additional tank with urea solution, a feed pump and an injector for its injection into the exhaust tract. A special heating system does not allow the urea solution to freeze in winter, the built-in control system sets the urea injection mode so that the content of nitrogen oxides NO _x at the outlet meets the standards. The urea tank needs to be refueled regularly. That is why Peugeot, for example, decided to install a capacious tank - with a volume of 20 liters - so that refueling was not too frequent.

Currently, the most common multicomponent systems for the catalytic treatment of OGDVS.

In particular, three-component catalytic converters are designed to convert harmful substances - hydrocarbons (C _n H _m ), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) that are formed during the combustion of the working mixture into harmless components. As the final products, water vapor (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and nitrogen (N ₂ ) are formed.

The conversion of harmful substances is carried out according to the scheme: first, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are converted by oxidation. The oxygen necessary for oxidation is either in the form of residual oxygen in the exhaust gases due to incomplete combustion, or it is taken from nitrogen oxides, the amount of which is thus reduced.

Modern converters, for example, developed by the department of catalytic redox processes of the Institute of Physical Chemistry named after L.V. Pisarzhevsky National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, implement a multi-stage technology for cleaning exhaust gas engine using:

- particulate filters made of synthetic honeycomb cordierite with a formed catalytic coating in the form of complex oxides of copper, chromium, cobalt, deposited on alumina;

- effective catalysts for three-route transformations (CO / C _n H _m / NO _x ) - (Pd, Pt, Rh) - ORZE (La, Се) / γ-Al ₂ O ₃ / cordierite [Department of catalytic redox processes / Institute of Physical chemistry them. L.V. Pisarzhevsky / [Electronic resource] -Access mode: http://www.inphyschem-nas.kiev.ua/m/DEPARTMENTS/dpt6 - date of treatment 04.11.2014].

neutralizers developed on the basis of selective reduction of nitrogen oxides (I, II) (SCR) on structured catalysts using reducing agents of various chemical nature: ammonia, vanadium-titanium and oxide complex compositions (Cu, Fe, Cr / Al ₂ O ₃ ) ; C ₁ -C ₄ hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CoO / (HZSМ5-Al ₂ O ₃ ) / cordierite, CoO / ZrO ₂ / kaolin-aerosil, Pd / Co ₃ O ₄ -CeO ₂ / cordierite). The process is designed to purify nitrogen oxides from emissions of nitrous gases, gases from industrial heat generating units (TPPs, TPPs), gas turbine and diesel generator sets. The Institute developed block (monolithic) honeycomb catalysts for the purification of industrial gas emissions and vehicles from CO, NO _x , C _n H _m [Orlik, S.N. Structural and functional design of catalysts for the conversion of nitrogen oxides (I), (II) / С.Η. Orlik, T.V. Mironyuk, T.M. Boychuk, // Theoret. and experiment. chemistry. - 2012. - 48, No. 2. - S. 67-87].

Multi-path conversions of the internal combustion engine exhaust require the participation of complex electronic control systems for the operation of the internal combustion engine with feedback on the quality of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas neutralization in many ways, deviations of which are programmed in the on-board computer can lead to a malfunction of the vehicle control system.

Analogs of the claimed technical solution

1. A device is known for cleaning nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases (OG) generated during operation of an internal combustion engine and in an exhaust system having an SCR catalyst in front of which a device is provided for supplying reagents: a reducing agent or a reducing agent precursor. Behind the device along the exhaust gas stream is a streamlined exhaust gas cell element. To control the device, the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, the temperature of the honeycomb cell, and the amount of reagent required to restore the previously determined amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are determined. Next, determine the temperature of the honeycomb element after adding the specified amount of reagent and compare it with a given target temperature. If the temperature is below the target temperature, then the temperature of the honeycomb cell is calculated after at least one of the following measures: adding a reduced amount of reagent, raising the temperature of the honeycomb cell and the exhaust gas temperature until the temperature of the honeycomb cell exceeds or equals the target temperature. At the end, add the reagent and, if necessary, increase the temperature.

By a SCR catalyst is meant a flow structure, for example, a honeycomb element provided with an appropriate catalytic coating, for example, mixed vanadium and tungsten oxide on a support of titanium dioxide (anatase) or metal-substituted zeolites, preferably iron-substituted zeolites, especially type X, type Y, type ZSM-5 and / or type ZSM-11. It is proposed to use ceramic and / or metal honeycomb elements with cavities through which exhaust gases can enter as cellular elements. The cell element is preferably made of at least one partially profiled metal layer. In this case, the metal layer may be formed by a foil and / or a porous metal layer. In this case, the honeycomb element is preferably formed by rolling up at least one at least partially profiled metal layer and, if necessary, at least one substantially smooth metal layer or by putting at least one at least partially profiled layer into a packet and, if necessary, at least one substantially smooth layer, followed by twisting of at least one packet thus formed. In this case, urea is preferably added in the form of a solid and / or in the form of an aqueous solution. Depending on the temperature in the SCR catalyst, the following main reaction occurs in this case: NO + NO ₂ + 2NH ₃ → 2N ₂ + H ₂ O [RU No. 2424042 “Method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases generated during operation of an internal engine combustion system and exhaust gas "publ.: 07.20.2011, Bull. No. 20].

A disadvantage of the analogue is the difficulty in controlling the exhaust gas cleaning process of the internal combustion engine.

2. A device for liquid cooling and purification of exhaust gases, including a housing, pipes for supplying and discharging gas and water, water sprayers, characterized in that the housing consists of interconnected inlet expanding chamber, exhaust tapering chamber and located between them auger swirler chamber with a shell, dividing bulkheads and with cone-shaped nozzles welded into the latter, one of which is located in the center, and the rest - around the circumference of the dividing bulkheads and the chamber shell, with all faucets built in them, consisting of a screw and a spray of water, fastened in the center of the nozzle, while the chambers are equipped with a cooling jacket, and the inlet chamber’s chimney space is connected to the water supply nozzle and to the nozzles, and the gas supply nozzle is connected to the expanding inlet chamber, and the nozzle gas outlet - to the exhaust tapering chamber [RF patent No. 2124456 "System for exhaust gas exhaust from an internal combustion engine and a device for liquid cooling and gas purification" publ.: 01/10/1999]. The device operates as follows: “After passing the exhaust chamber and the cooled section of the gas pipeline, the gas-liquid mixture, consisting of diesel exhaust gases saturated with water vapor, enters the direct-flow separator, where the processes of gas purification from products of incomplete fuel combustion and separation of liquid droplet from a two-phase gas stream occur screw swirl, the screw of which is twisted in the direction opposite to the twist of the screws of the device for liquid cooling gases. After the screw swirl, at the outlet of the chambers of the device for liquid cooling of gases, the saturated gas enters the diffuser zone, where it condenses, which also improves the cooling rate. Under these conditions, the gas temperature from 470-550 ° C drops to 45-60 ° C, contaminated with unburned fuel and oil, as well as water-soluble components of toxic contaminants (aldehydes, sulfur oxides, higher nitrogen oxides), water mixed with the bulk of soot (90 -98%) flows into the separator pan and is removed to a special tank of flooded oil products or is removed overboard using an ejection pump.

A disadvantage of the analogue is the unusually cumbersome design of the exhaust gas cleaning engine, which cannot be used on vehicles in ground conditions.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the maximum reduction in the concentrations of toxic components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines before they are discharged into the surface layer of the atmosphere by developing a catalyst for automotive exhaust that does not contain precious metals.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that, according to the claimed utility model, the car exhaust neutralizer comprises a cryogenic type exhaust gas condensate storage chamber with vacuum multi-layer insulation, connected in series with a reduction type thermocatalytic reactor chamber, while the neutralizer is equipped with a temperature sensor in the cavity of the condensate storage chamber, a temperature sensor in the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor and an indicator of the concentration of toxic substances (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) the composition of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the exhaust channel of the Converter.

In FIG. 1 depicts a car exhaust neutralizer; in FIG. 2 shows the dynamics of the change in time of the concentrations of the exhaust gas components of the internal combustion engine at the exit of the condensate storage chamber; in FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the degree of purification (%) of the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine on the temperature in the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor; in FIG. 4 shows the dependence of the mass of toxic substances removed from the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine on the temperature in the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor; in FIG. Figure 5 shows the mass ratios of the components of the composition of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine fed into the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor for cleaning (a), the mass ratios of the components of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine at the outlet of the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor at a temperature of 550 ° C (b).

A useful model of the device (Fig. 1) contains: pipe 1; condensate storage chamber 2; vacuum multi-layer insulation 3 cameras condensate storage 2; exhaust valve 4 of the condensate storage chamber 2; filler hole 5 of the capacity of the cryogenic liquid of the condensate storage chamber 2; temperature sensor 6 in the cavity of the drive chamber 2; drain channel 7 of the condensate storage chamber 2, as well as the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor 8; thermocatalytic spirals 9; temperature regulator 10; a temperature sensor 11 in the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor 8; the exhaust channel 12 and cooler 13, as well as an indicator of the concentrations of toxic substances 14 in the exhaust gas, located at the outlet of the exhaust channel 12 of the converter, which, like the thermostat 10, are connected to the power supply circuit 15; panels of the thermoelectric generator 16 of the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor 8, an electric cooler 13.

The inventive utility model works as follows

The exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine from the pipe 1, entering the condensate storage chamber 2, due to the difference in the diameters of the pipe 1 and the condensate storage chamber 2, reduce the pressure and flow rate, which leads to the turbulence of the flow and its collision with the cooled walls of the condensate storage chamber 2; a sharp temperature difference between the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the cryogenically cooled walls of the chamber of the condensate storage tank 2 leads to condensation of water vapor, gases and aerosols of the composition of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, which pass from the gaseous to liquid and solid states, accumulating at the bottom of the chamber of the condensate storage tank 2. A smaller part by volume and composition The internal combustion engine exhaust is squeezed out by its own flow into the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor 8 and is in contact with the thermocatalytic coils 9 placed across the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. In this case, multi-stage oxidation-reduction processes occur, which are characteristic of processes occurring in a reducing atmosphere with a sharp lack of oxygen. In this case, the temperature regulator 10 provides electric heating of the thermocatalytic spirals 9 to a temperature of 550 ° C and above, which provides catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, while the temperature in the chamber cavity of the thermocatalytic reactor 8 is controlled by the temperature sensor 11. Under these conditions, aerosols of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine that do not have time to condense in the chamber of the condensate storage tank 2 undergo pyrolysis and a series of redox transformations that convert them into non-toxic elementary ions which are cooled by a cooler 13 disposed along the exhaust duct 12 after the chamber thermal catalytic reactor 8. In this case, thermal catalytic reactor chamber 8 is heated exhaust gases panel thermoelectric generator 16, 13 elektroobespechivayuschego cooler.

Indications of the temperature sensor 6 in the cavity of the chamber of the condensate storage tank 2, the temperature sensor 11 in the cavity of the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor 8 and the indicator of the concentrations of toxic substances 14 in the exhaust gas at the outlet of the exhaust channel 12 of the converter, displayed on the dashboard of the ATS driver’s cab to inform about operation the entire device, allow you to register the presence of emergency situations:

a) excess MPC _m.r. working area for concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides;

b) excess temperature in the chamber of the condensate storage 2 marks + 20 ° C;

C) a decrease in temperature in the chamber of the thermocatalytic reactor 8 below 350 ° C.

When these abnormal situations occur, the following actions of the PBX driver are provided:

1) switch off the engine;

2) drain from the drain channel 7 of the chamber of the condensate storage tank 2 into the industrial sewer or into the reserve sealed tank the accumulated condensate of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine;

3) pour cryogenic liquid (liquid nitrogen or liquefied air) through the filler hole 5 of the cryogenic liquid tank of vacuum multilayer insulation 3 of the condensate storage chamber 2 and check the operation of the exhaust valve 4;

4) check the integrity of the power supply circuit 15 of the temperature controller 10.

Thus, the principle of operation of the claimed utility model “to detain and destroy” (Aleksey Vorobyov-Obukhov. “To detain and destroy.” “Driving” No. 12, 2003), which is being implemented by us, corresponds to the direction of greening internal combustion engines as applied to the composition of the internal combustion engine exhaust.

Concrete example

The effectiveness of the claimed utility model was tested experimentally on a pilot plant - a mock utility model of the inventive device.

In this case, a drive with a capacity of 5.0 dm ^{3 is} made on the basis of a thermos, inside of which there is a hollow metal vessel of cylindrical shape containing one dm ^{3 of} liquid nitrogen. In this case, the upper part (cover) of the drive layout, which has technological openings for gas inlet and outlet, is thermally insulated from a fluoroplastic disk. At the same time, the drive, with sealed technological holes, kept the temperature inside the chamber from minus 170 ° C to minus 50 ° C for more than six hours. The possibility of the automated supply of a cryogenic agent (liquefied air) from an additional cylinder with a decrease in pressure in the cryogenic capacity of the vacuum-multilayer insulation of the storage chamber was studied.

The thermocatalytic reactor was made of a steel pipe (diameter 200 mm, length 1000 mm, thickness 2 mm) with end sealing flanges having inlet and outlet openings for the exhaust gas engine. Inside the reactor chamber, three coils (of H20X80 wire 25 m each) with a power of 3 kW each were stretched across the gas stream. The speed of pumping the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine through the reactor was 50 dm ³ / min.

The gas stream after the reactor, before entering the INFRAKAR 5M2T.02 gas analyzer, was cooled (with water-jet refrigerators) to a temperature of from + 20 ° C to + 40 ° C. The possibility of using a layer of high-temperature thermogenerators as a thermal insulation chamber of a thermocatalytic reactor was studied.

electrically-supporting layer of thermoelectric refrigerators used in the form of a channel sheath of exhaust gases from the neutralizer.

The concentrations of CO, NO, CO ₂ , O ₂ and C _n H _m in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine were measured at three points: in the exhaust pipe of the vehicle, immediately after leaving the drive and after cooling in the gas outlet located after the thermocatalytic reactor. The gas analyzer allowed to determine every second the concentration of the five components of the exhaust gas composition of the internal combustion engine.

The measurement results showing the efficiency of the exhaust gas cleaning process of the internal combustion engine are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Assessment of the applicability of a cryogenic trap

An exhaust gas flow of ICE was passed through a cryogenic trap and the change in the concentrations of CO, NO, CO ₂ , and C _n H _{m was} compared with respect to their concentrations in the vehicle nozzle. The effectiveness of reducing the concentrations was compared with the temperature in the trap cavity, which changed under the influence of the temperature of the exhaust gases. Every half hour, the temperature in the trap cavity changed by about 20 ° C. In each range, from 80 to 120 daily measurements were performed, which made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the condensation process. Changes in the concentrations of the components of the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine when passing through a cryogenic trap under the influence of temperature changes are presented in Table 1. The dimension is given in accordance with the indications of the INFRAKAR 5M2T.02 automated computerized analytical system. The source data of the concentrations of the components of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine: CO = 3.42% (397.53 mg / m ³ ); CH = 209,17 million ^-1 (747.89 mg / m ^3); CO ₂ = 12.45% (2273.12 mg / m ³ ); NO = 17 million ^-1 (21.16 mg / m ^3).

When exposed to the temperature of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, temperatures from minus 120 ° C to minus 100 ° C, most toxic substances do not leave the limits of the trap. It was found that after 3 hours a large half of the hydrocarbons is trapped in a cryogenic trap cooled from minus 40 ° C to minus 20 ° C (Fig. 2). In this case, nitrogen oxides are almost completely retained and carbon monoxide condenses by 50%. These facts confirm the effectiveness of using the trap for at least 3.5 hours. After 2-2.5 hours, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the stream of gases leaving the trap begins to progressively increase, which after 3.5 hours practically approaches the initial concentrations. However, the carbon dioxide removal rate is not critical.

This fact ensures the high efficiency of the catalytic converter section, since almost half of the gases containing less toxic substances are supplied to it than the initial exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine.

Evaluation of the applicability of the reducing catalytic converter

The efficiency of the neutralizer was evaluated every second by calculating the degree of purification depending on the temperature in the reactor (Fig. 3), as well as by the mass of neutralized toxicants, mg / m (Fig. 4).

Our preliminary experiments showed that the temperature of "ignition" or the start of operation of nichrome neutralizers in the reaction of CO methanation begins with a temperature of + 300 ° C. Therefore, the efficiency of the neutralizer was started to be evaluated from a temperature in the reactor above + 300 ° C.

Figures 3 and 4 show the processes of neutralization according to the degree of purification (Fig. 3) and the mass of removed toxic substances (Fig. 4), recorded at the 40th second of the experiment as the most characteristic for the steady state operation of the gas analyzer. Measurements were taken every 50 ° C; moreover, the number of every second measurements varied from 80 to 200.

The claimed model of a catalytic converter showed an absolute purification of the gas stream from hydrocarbons, nitric oxide and purification from carbon monoxide by 92%. In this case, the reactions occurring in the reactor under the conditions of a reducing atmosphere were accompanied by an increase or a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide, which indicates the complexity of the catalytic reactions.

Mass concentrations of the main components of the composition of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine during the neutralization process changed significantly at different temperatures (Fig. 4).

Mass ratios of removed toxic substances vary significantly at different temperatures, but increase significantly with increasing temperature in the reactor. These specific ratios can form the basis for designing an industrial design.

,

. Оценка эффективности нейтрализации токсичных веществ в зависимости от температуры в реакторе представлена в таблице 2.For further design, the thermal cleaning coefficient (TC) was calculated, showing the efficiency of the mass of neutralized components per second (mg / s) relative to the temperature in the reactor (° C):

,

. Assessment of the effectiveness of the neutralization of toxic substances depending on the temperature in the reactor is presented in table 2.

The calculated data showed that the greatest efficiency of CO neutralization occurs at temperatures of 550 and 650 ° C; and hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides at a temperature of 550 ° C. Thus, a temperature of 550 ° C should be considered the economically optimal temperature in the reactor.

The ratio of the components of the composition of the source and purified exhaust gases at an economically optimal temperature in the reactor showed (Fig. 5) that nitrogen oxides were completely neutralized, and hydrocarbon concentrations decreased by 92%; the concentration of carbon monoxide decreased by 67%; with a slight increase in carbon dioxide (by 2.4%).

These facts confirm the correct choice of the optimal neutralization temperature.

The socially useful effect of the implementation of the claimed technical solution is the high efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment of internal combustion engines from CO, NO and C _n H _m . Improving the efficiency of the utility model can be achieved by using a cryogenic trap made in cassette form, for example, a drum type with automatic replacement of a single spent cartridge to a new one.

Claims (1)

An automobile exhaust neutralizer comprising a cryogenic type exhaust gas condensate storage chamber with vacuum multi-layer insulation connected in series to a reduction type thermocatalytic reactor chamber, wherein the neutralizer is equipped with a temperature sensor in the condensate storage chamber cavity, a temperature sensor in the thermocatalytic reactor chamber cavity and an indicator of toxic concentrations substances of the composition of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the exhaust channel of the Converter.

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