RU2563937C2 - Method of milking farm animals and milking device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture, in particular to milking animals. A teat cup (1) comprises a housing and a flexible tubular shell (2) of mesh material, located in its inner cavity. Between the cup housing and the shell a plurality of hollow rings (3-7) are mounted one on another. On the cup housing the air injection distributor (8) is mounted and the air discharge distributor (9) formed as hollow outer cylinders (10) rigidly connected to the housing of the teat cup. On the drain tube (48) a jar (49) with an overflow opening (50) is mounted with the ability of rotation on it. The jar is driven to rotate by the drive (51). Through the transition pipe (52) a water, air and milk distributor (53) is put on the cup, which has four openings (54). The cup is provided with fittings for water (55) and air (56). The milking compression stroke is preceded to massage push on the udder by the cup, movable bottom-up, the micro massage with the compressed air of teats, followed by wave-like multiple compressing and relaxation of the teat in the mode of travelling wave from the top down.

EFFECT: enhanced selection of milk, decreased possibility of mastitis.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of milking farm animals and milking devices for its implementation.

Known principles of operation of milking machines are based on the use of vacuum. A certain amount of air enters through the system of the vacuum regulator, the milking machine and the pulsator, which the vacuum pump pumps out of the vacuum drive and other containers, creating a vacuum. Milking machines are divided into two - and three-stroke. In push-pull cycles, the duty cycle consists of sucking and squeezing cycles, while in push-pull cycles there is also a beat. With a suction stroke, a vacuum is created in the inter-wall and suction cups of the teat cup. Milk flows from the nipple into the suction cup. During the compression stroke, a vacuum remains in the suction cup, and in the inter-wall chamber the pressure is restored to atmospheric pressure; the nipple rubber is compressed, providing a nipple massage. With a resting beat, atmospheric pressure is restored in both chambers. In addition, the milking machine pulls and squeezes the nipples, that is, irritates the receptors, which should help restore normal circulation of nipple tissue (I.G. Velitok. Technology of machine milking of cows. M: Kolos, pp. 18-19. Polytechnical dictionary. Soviet Encyclopedia. M. 1980, p. 156). At the same time, this is a very painful process, sometimes leading to the stressful state of the animal, the evacuated method and milking installations based on it do not allow a full massage of the udder and nipples of the animal during the entire milking, which contributes to the disease of mastitis of the udder.

Known for a teatcup including a sleeve, flat nipple rubber with a suction cup, in which a hole is made for communication with the atmosphere (SU 203372, publ. In BI No. 20, 1967).

The disadvantage of such a teat cup is that air constantly enters through the hole in the suction cup, and this reduces the vacuum under the teat. As a result, the teatcups may fall off the nipples, as well as an increase in air flow and load on the vacuum pump.

A known milking cup comprising a sleeve, a nipple cylindrical tube with a suction cup, a housing with an additional suction cup mounted coaxially on the sleeve (SU 1250223 A, 08/15/1986).

The main disadvantage of such a teatcup is the instability of work due to poor retention on the nipple. When the massage stroke from compression of the nipple rubber, a buoyant force arises, sometimes exceeding the suction. The teatcup is held mainly due to the friction forces that occur at the nipple’s contact with the teat tube and the vacuum in the suction cup cavity, which expands the teat in this area. In this milking cup, air from the inter-wall chamber enters the additional suction cup, and from there, due to pressure differences, into the cavity of the main suction cup of the teat tube and further under the nipple, reducing the already low holding capacity of the milking cup. The teatcup falls off the nipple, because the friction force is not able to hold it due to insufficient friction area (the nipple length in the teat tube is small, since an additional suction cup takes up a considerable length of the teatcup).

The closest technical solution is a milking cup, also containing an elastic tubular shell, the upper and lower edges of a circular tightly attached to the housing, having a hole for communication of the atmospheric pressure chamber with the atmosphere, a pipe for sucking milk from the suction cup, a pipe for periodic suction and air discharge into interstitial chamber, nipple rubber, which the author took as a prototype (US Pat. RU 2151498, 1999).

However, this milking cup does not provide full squeezing of milk from large nipples.

The basis of the present invention is the task of creating a method of milking cows and a teatcup, eliminating the use of rarefaction properties, which lead to rigid stretching of the muscle structure of the nipple, lengthening it. This is a very painful condition that an animal experiences, often leading to mastitis.

The solution to this problem is provided by the fact that the milking method includes pre-dawning and subsequent processing of the udder, in particular, washing and drying the udder, milking compression strokes, while the compression stroke is preceded by a massage push with a glass along the udder, a force vertically directed from the bottom up, the subsequent micromassage of the nipple with compressed air and wave-like multiple compression of the nipple in the traveling wave mode from top to bottom.

The milking device is made in the form of a milking cup, which contains a housing and an elastic tubular shell located in its inner cavity, the upper and lower parts are circularly tightly attached to the housing, and a drain hole located in its lower part. A distinctive feature of the milking cup is that the tubular shell is mesh and the cup is equipped with a plurality of hollow rings placed between the housing and the mesh tubular shell, mounted one on top of the other and interconnected through overpasses with a discharge distributor and an air discharge distributor. Another feature is that each distributor is made in the form of a hollow outer cylinder, rigidly connected with the housing of the milking cup and placed inside it with the possibility of rotation, an internal hollow cylinder with many register holes located along the vertical generatrix. Another feature is that the holes are cyclically interconnected with sector samples made on the inner surface of the outer cylinders, and each sample is connected to the corresponding ring and offset relative to the adjacent one by a distance sufficient for the rings to be sequentially filled with compressed air and discharged.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a cross section of a milking cup; figure 2 - pneumatic diagram of the connection of the cylinders with the rings of the glass; figure 3 - scan location of the samples on the inner surface of the outer cylinders; figure 4 is a section along A-A of the sample in figure 3; figure 5 is a General view of the milking device.

The method of milking farm animals, such as cows, involves tightly donning glasses on the nipples, washing the nipples by supplying warm water to the glass under pressure, then drying the nipples by feeding warm compressed air into the glass. Simultaneously with putting on the glasses, a primary massage push is made along the udder with the glasses being put on, and the nipples are micromassaged and the udder is compressed air supplied to the glasses. After completion of the pre-dairy treatment, the milking process is started by alternately moving the glasses from the bottom up and the wave-like repeated squeezing and relaxing of the nipple in the traveling wave mode from top to bottom. The most preferred is a cross milking process, but the device allows you to perform the milking process in different sequences due to the autonomy of communication and control systems.

The milking method is materialized by a milking cup 1, which contains a housing, an elastic tubular shell 2 of mesh material is placed in its inner cavity, the upper and lower parts are circularly tightly attached to the housing of the cup 1. At the bottom of the cup 1 there is a drain hole. Between the cup body 1 and the shell 2, one on the other, a plurality of hollow rings 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are installed, in our example, five. On the cup body 1, an air discharge distributor 8 and an air discharge distributor 9 are mounted, made in the form of hollow outer cylinders 10 and 11, rigidly connected to the case of the milking cup 1. In cylinders 10 and 11 are mounted on a common shaft 12 with the possibility of rotation with them hollow cylinders 13 and 14 with many register holes 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 in cylinder 13 and 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 in cylinder 14 according to the number of rings 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 arranged vertically generatrix. On the inner surface 25 of the cylinder 10 there are sector samples 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, and on the surface 26 of the cylinder 11 there are samples 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, respectively. By injection 37-41 overpasses, each sample is associated with a corresponding ring 27 from 3, 28 s 4, 29 s 5, 30 s 6 and 31 s 7. Each discharge overpass is connected via a drop overpass to sector samples 32-36 of cylinder 11. Shaft 12 is driven by drive 42. Each sample, relative to the adjacent displaced by a distance sufficient for the sequential filling of the rings with compressed air and its reset, i.e. with overlapping (figure 3). The cylinder 11 is connected by feedback by pipelines 43-47 with pipelines 37-41. A can 49 is mounted on the drain pipe 48 so that it can rotate on it with a bypass hole 50. The can 49 is driven by a drive 51. Through the adapter pipe 52, a water, air and milk dispenser 53 with four openings 54 interacting with the opening 50 for drainage of water, air and milk.

The glass is equipped with fittings for water 55 and air 56. The milking device includes a base 57, on the rack 58 of which four levers 59 are pivotally mounted, and at the ends of the levers 59 milking cups are pivotally mounted 1. The levers 59 raise the cups 1 by the action of air cushions 60 and are configured to adjustment on the length. Through communication pipelines (not shown), the glasses 1 are connected to a flowing water heater 61, a compressed air heater 62 and a reservoir for collecting water 63. The raising and lowering of the levers 59 is controlled by a register 64.

The milking device (as an option) is attached to the croup of the cow by means of a belt fastener.

The milking device operates as follows.

All elements of the preparation of the milking process 61, 62, 63 and 64 through the software control device (CU) are activated (not shown in the drawing). For this, the can 49 is set in such a position that its opening 50 coincides with one of the four openings 54 of the distributor 53, for example, with a water drain.

Before milking starts, the program sets all the controlled items to their original position. In the process of milking, the program lowers the amount of air supplied into the glass 1 to a level that ensures a normal outflow of milk through the can 49.

First, the device is connected to external communications of compressed air and voltage, for example 12V. In the initial position, the glasses 1 of the device are in the lowest position (Fig. 5) together with the levers 59. Before bringing the device to the working position, the nipples are inserted into the glasses 1 and the entire device rises with a massage push along the udder until the glasses come in close contact with the udder of the animal and mounted on the croup of the animal with a throw-over belt. After this, the pre-dawning treatment of the udder of the animal is performed, which includes the following operations: the control device (hereinafter UC) includes a flowing water heater 61, and warm water through the nozzle 55 enters simultaneously into all glasses 1 in the zone between the grid 2 and the body of the glass 1 and, passing through the mesh sheath 2, is evenly distributed over the surface of the nipple and the lower part of the udder. After washing the udder and the nipple, the SU turns off the water heater 61 and turns on the flow heater of compressed air 62, which supplies warm compressed air through the nozzle 56 to the space between the grid 2 and the cup body 1. Compressed air passing through the openings of the grid 2 is evenly distributed over the nipple and part udder, thereby drying and micromassage. The internal arrangement of the flow air heater 62 and its register is not shown in the drawings. The collection of waste water and the release of air is carried out through the drainage holes 54. After the drying process, the milking process begins. UU includes a register 64 and supplies compressed air to the inflatable pillows 60 attached to the levers 59 of the glasses 1, the pillows are inflated and, straightening, raise the levers 59. The glasses 1 due to friction and lifting hit the base of the udder, thereby massage the udder.

Further, the control unit includes a heater 62 and supplies compressed air through the pipe 65 to the cylinders 13, which rotate from the actuator 42. Air from the cylinder 13 enters through the openings in the samples 27-31 through the pipelines 37-41 into rings 3-7. Since the samples 27-31 overlap adjacent to each other and are displaced adjacent, the air enters the first upper ring 3, inflates it. Due to filling, the ring covers the nipple and squeezes it, squeezing the milk. Since the cylinder 13 rotates, the hole 16 comes into operation, connecting the cylinder 13 with the pipe 38, supplying air to the ring 4, and from the ring 3 the air through the pipe 43 is bleed through the hole 20 in the cylinder 14 and from it to the atmosphere through the pipe 66.

Further, the filling cycle of the subsequent rings is similar to the previous ones, creating a nipple compression wave running from top to bottom. The number of cycles of the traveling wave is set by the operator.

After performing a given number of cycles of the compression wave of the nipple, the SU includes a register of air bags 64 and bleeds air from them. At the same time, the UU switches off the compressed air heater 62 and the air supply to the cylinders 13 of the glasses stops, which returns to the lowest position. Upon reaching the set milk threshold set by the operator, UU disables the milking mode and activates the post-treatment mode of the udder and nipples. The sequence of commands in this case, as in the above-described predomain processing mode. After its completion, the UU gives sound and light signals or a signal to the common console about the end of milking.

The claimed method and a device based on it create a gentle milking operation mode close to manual milking. The complex has solved the problem of pre-dairy and post-treatment of the udder and nipples of the animal.

The device allows the first portions of milk to be collected in a separate container for quality control. The method reduces the possibility of mastitis.

The proposed method allows you to apply any sequence of operations provided for by the best options for milking animals, which will undoubtedly contribute to the maximum selection of milk and preserve the health of the dairy herd.

Claims (2)

1. A method for milking farm animals, including pre-milking and subsequent processing of the udder, in particular washing and drying the udder, milking compression strokes, characterized in that the milking compression strokes are preceded by a massage push along the udder with a glass moved from bottom to top, micromassage with compressed air from the nipples, followed by wavy repeated contractions and relaxations of the nipple in the traveling wave mode from top to bottom. 2. The milking device in the form of a milking cup, which contains a housing and an elastic tubular shell located in its inner cavity, the upper and lower parts are circularly tightly attached to the body, and a drain hole located in its lower part, characterized in that the tubular shell is made of mesh, and the glass is equipped with a plurality of hollow rings placed between the housing and the mesh tubular shell, mounted one on top of the other and interconnected through overpasses with a discharge distributor and a distributor air discharge, wherein each distributor is made in the form of a hollow outer cylinder, rigidly connected to the body of the milking cup, and placed inside them with the possibility of rotation of the internal hollow cylinders with many register holes interconnected cyclically with sector samples made on the inner surface of the outer cylinders, and each sample is connected with the corresponding ring and in relation to the adjacent one is displaced by a distance overlapping enough for the sequential filling of the rings with compressed air and its reset.

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