RU2555700C2 - Making of deep diffusion protective plies on proceeded articles and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly, to surface hardening of steel parts. Straining force is applied from working tool to spinning article. Said working tool is fed along surface sections that make the part profile. Simultaneously, in rolling tool shift over article surface, said strained surface sections are subjected to effects of variable rotary magnetic field of intensity within 2.5×10⁴-1×10⁵ A/m and frequency of 20-70 Hz. Rolling tool represents steel shots, 0.3-3.0 mm in diameter, placed in aqueous suspension containing 29-31% of said shots as a solid component, lead compounds PbO in amount of 13.9-14.1% and PbO₂ in amount of 13.9-14.1%, chromium compounds Cr₂O₃ in amount of 6.8-7.2%, titanium compounds TiO₂ in amount of 9.9-10.2%, black-lead lubrication in amount of 17.8-20.2% and water H₂O making the rest. Said aqueous suspension is placed into round circular case to dip the article therein unless all surface sections are completely submerged. Then, article is turned in said suspension relative to its lengthwise mirror axis at the rate of 15-30 rpm for 12-15 minutes. Effects of variable spinning magnetic field are brought about by Φ-like magnetic generators inducing the magnetic field features the clusters of magnetic lines composed by bundles revolving around lengthwise axis extending radially from periphery to the centre of circular round case. Said Φ-like magnetic generators are arranged on round circular case outer side surface in three locating cylindrical helices. Note here that the number of said Φ-like magnetic generators equals three or whatever other quantity multiple thereof. The number of said generators arranged regularly on every said helix makes 9 to 18.

EFFECT: notably longer life, higher resistance to outer aggressive effects.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to those areas of engineering production, where the formation of steel products used for the manufacture of assemblies and mechanisms for various purposes on the surface, protective surface layers, the presence of which will subsequently significantly increase the service life of these components used in a variety of prefabricated structures and their constituent parts, is carried out, and also to devices with the help of which such technologies are implemented, intended for the implementation of which I strengthen general processing.

At the present time, a technical solution is known, the use of which to some extent improves the wear resistance of the thread used on steel products and the cutting tool that processes the latter.

In accordance with this currently known technology, a wear-resistant coating having a high degree of hardness is applied to the working surface of such a threading tool. Its deposition on the lateral surface of the cutting tooth of this metal-processing product is carried out using a process that includes the operation of the so-called "electrospark alloying". When implementing this technology, the workpiece is installed in special equipment: a master template and radiators that control the intensity of the heat flow. The thickness of the protective layer formed on the front cutting working surface of the profile of this tool hardened in this way, obtained at the end of the processing process, is only 35-70 microns (0.035-0.07 mm) - see patent RU No. 2264895; B23H; “Method for hardening with electric spark alloying tools for thread cutting”, publication date: November 27, 2005. However, as evident from the technical information presented in the description of this well-known solution, the actual implementation of this existing technology at the moment is associated with the urgent need to use it the implementation of rather complex and expensive specialized technical systems that ensure the process of its implementation (master templates and radiators made of high-temperature raturoprovodnogo material).

In addition, the protective layer formed by the above method of spark doping is a strip obtained on the surface of the product having only a very small intrinsic depth (0.035-0.07 mm).

All of the above, ultimately, does not allow the formation of deep protective surface layers on processed steel products, which also have a whole set of sufficiently high technical indicators, which, when using the latter for their intended purpose, provide the very possibility of a sharp increase in the operational life of such structural parts without attracting to achieve the above goals significant and necessary for the implementation of all this additional financial costs and labor resources.

In addition to the above, at the present time, another technical solution is known that is used when processing metallurgical products, on the surface of which there are layers formed during the implementation of their "hot redistribution", the so-called "thick" scale.

To remove it, performed with the simultaneous formation of an additional protective coating film on the surface of the workpieces, the process of implementing this known technology indicated below is carried out as follows.

A rolling tool is moved along the surface of the steel product to be processed, on which hard-to-remove "thick" scale is present. In this case, the workpiece itself is driven into rotation, and the movement of the actuator itself in contact with its outer layers is carried out synchronously with the transfer along the processing sites of the above processing generated in the same areas of the processing magnetic field.

The magnetic field used in the implementation of this known technology is variable and rotating, and its intensity in the cleaning zone is 1 × 10 ³ ÷ 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m, and the frequency is 20-70 Hz.

The workpiece itself, along the entire surface of which the mechanical knurling is rearranged, as well as the transfer of the physical field generated in the zone of its influence, performs the function of a closing connecting link for the total magnetic flux created in the processing circuit.

The closed loop used in the implementation of this well-known product processing technology consists of a set of magnetically conductive material plates joined together. In the body of the individual parts forming such a circuit, winding coils are placed that are electrically connected to the corresponding different phases of the external three-phase power supply supplying alternating current. In this case, one of the components of this magnetic plate generator has a through groove, the dimensions of which allow installation of the workpiece in it.

The working actuator used in this known device is a mechanical rolling device in contact with the outer surface of the workpiece with a replaceable head made of either “soft” plastic or “hard” steel (see patent RU 2401705; C1; B0824 / 00 ; C23F 15/00; “A method for cleaning the surface of products from descaling layers while obtaining an anti-corrosion coating and device for its implementation”, published on October 20, 2010 - hereinafter the prototype).

The positive results obtained upon completion of the above-mentioned prototype technological process should include, first of all, the fact that the products on the products processed with its use have the following specific and final technical indicators, positive and characteristic only for it:

a) playing the role of a kind of “extremely undesirable film sheath” and firmly “bonded” to the base substrate, a dense “scale” “flies” from the surface of the metal layers of the “like a ball” product processed using the above method, performing a kind of “ spontaneous "spontaneous" rebound "up and away from the body of the latter,

b) several modified layers are formed under the surface of the workpiece that has been “cleaned” in this way, the structure of which has pronounced differences relative to the original.

Such "significant" changes that make up the initial crystal lattice and are included in the volume of the metal of the processed product, its layers, again include:

a) the main central core, belonging to the volume of such a detail, will comprise structural formations that are somewhat “ennobled” relative to the initial ones and obtained by displacing from the constituent elements of the latter crystal lattices that violate their integrity, “extra” dislocations, as well as “excess” and “unnecessary” for the subsequent operation of this part of the corresponding number of carbon atoms, and in addition, the "polluting" metal impurity components - sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.

In the above-mentioned central regions of the body of the workpiece due to the implementation of this artificially organized overflow, ultimately, zones of increased viscosity are formed, and therefore, indicators determining the limits of its cyclic fatigue strength (from 2 to 4 times) increase to some extent.

b) over such a "ennobled" base or "core", using it as a kind of base-foundation, layers are located that contain phase structures newly formed in the body of the part. Most often they are represented by "cementite" grains.

This layer has a fairly high surface hardness, and the latter in a number of cases can reach an HRC value of 62–64 units. The thickness of the second "layer" may be from 0.15 ÷ 2 mm

c) the so-called “honeycomb” layer is then built over this structural formation. In its composition, metal carbides, as it were, are accumulated, consisting of impurities-additives doping the product, for example, such as Cr ₃ C ₂ (chromium carbide).

The thickness obtained during processing using this known technique of such a "honeycomb layer" is a relatively small amount, in the range of 0.01 ÷ 0.1 mm

d) and, finally, completes the construction of a kind of “multilayer sandwich” obtained by this method, as if a film coating, mainly consisting of amorphous iron, applied to the underlying “honeycomb layer”. As additives to it, compounds of non-metal pollutants (sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.) derived from the thickness of the volume of the treated metal should be considered.

The thickness of the “protective” coating film obtained in the above manner can reach a value of 0.015–0.6 mm.

Its protective anticorrosion properties almost completely coincide with those of the chemical coating obtained by carrying out the hot phosphating process in the surface layers of metal on steel products processed in this way in “hot” phosphate solutions.

But even in this case, using the above-mentioned known processing technology, it still does not manage to guarantee the possibility of achieving at least some “outstanding” and necessary positive result.

The essence of the problem lies, first of all, in the application of this well-known technical solution, the formation of a set of optimal conditions during processing is not ensured, the presence of which, ultimately, would allow the synthesis in the surface layers of hardened products deeply entering the thickness the volume of the new “protective” structural formations constituting the last metal, which possess rather high indices relative to their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as appropriate set of own strength properties.

As can be clearly seen from the description of this well-known technology (prototype) presented in the text, the information obtained after its implementation on the product surface protective layers can in no way be classified as "deep". As indicated in this technical solution, the thickness of the latter always and under all processing conditions remains within the range of only 0.015 to 2.0 mm.

In addition, the protective characteristics acquired by them in the process of their own formation can also, so to speak, “wish for the best”. It is hardly possible to attribute to the “extraordinary” indicators the corrosion resistance of a protective film made of amorphous iron, the characteristics of which are very close to those that have an ordinary hot phosphate coating. The latter has long and steadily been included in the “group” of so-called weak protective formations and cannot even be at least some significant competitor to the metal thin-layer zinc widely used in technology.

In addition to all this, if it is necessary to carry out processing on products having a complex surface profile, the very possibility of applying this well-known technical solution - the prototype immediately and definitely falls into the category characterizing the practical feasibility of using this technique as belonging to the category - "the implementation of this process follows considered economically unacceptable. "

This is due, first of all, to the fact that a “big bunch of problems” is necessarily revealed when trying to implement using the above-mentioned known technology, which is necessary for its implementation of deformation effects on the outer layers of the metal, which are included in the volume of this product and, in turn, form complex individual components of the body of the workpiece the elements of its profile.

These "layers", for obvious reasons, can be placed mainly on the curved sections of the product profile, which, moreover, also have a fairly complex spatial configuration.

So, for example, the profile of any thread is formed by a “spiral triangular ribbon” having a lateral working surface, a “flat top” dividing adjacent thread ridges, a “trough”, etc.

Thus, the main essence of the problem that arises when performing this kind of processing, carried out using this known method indicated above, will be, first of all, that when it is carried out, an almost insoluble problem arises that is directly related to the inevitability of the manufacture necessary for its implementation "Very, very complex" snap. The latter should ensure the movement of the rolling tool located in the zone of influence of the magnetic contour along all parts of the above-mentioned plane sections, both along the lateral surface of the spiral "ribbon" surrounding the triangular thread part and along its top, as well as in the separating thread of this curved profile, in the gap - the hollow.

Thus, due to the action of the complex of circumstances listed here, the device providing such a movement of the deforming metal rolling tool, if there is an urgent need for its use, will turn out to be so complex that its manufacture and subsequent operation will involve the involvement of huge and simply “unbearable” ones financial costs.

It should also be additionally pointed out that in this well-known technical solution, for the formation in the outer layers of new solid phase cementite structures, the principle of organizing the movement of their constituent “building” material, extracted directly from the inner layers lying deeper beneath them, entering the body volume, is used parts, metal, i.e. from the core of this product. Thus, a situation arises consisting in the predominant use for the necessary structural phase adjustment of the above zones of its “main” course, only one, so to speak, “internal resources”. The presence of the action of this “limiting factor” does not make it possible to carry out a “sharp” increase in the depth of new structural formations obtained by known treatment to values that determine their possible thickness, reaching values of the order of 10 mm and higher.

To eliminate the above-mentioned significant shortcomings, in the proposed method, as well as in the device used in carrying out its execution, the technical solutions proposed here themselves use a number of new, distinctive essential features. The essence of the latter is disclosed below.

Their introduction and ensures that in the process of forming protective surface layers are synthesized on the workpiece being synthesized using the proposed method, a predetermined and non-obvious, substantially new positive effect.

The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of reliability used in devices and mechanisms as the necessary structural components and thus used in the last individual assembly elements, as well as a significant extension of the operational life of the above structural units.

The possibility of obtaining the above positive effect is ensured, first of all, by the fact that the tooling used to carry out the deformation of the surface layers of the metal constituting the individual elements of the volume profile of the workpiece and the tooling used to carry out the above operation has a fairly simple design.

In addition, in order to increase the thickness of the processed products formed on these elements and create a kind of “set of protective layers” for such technological formations on them, as well as to significantly increase the resistance of the latter to adverse external aggressive influences, the deformation of these metal layers is performed with the active participation of additional “external donors” in this process, i.e. facilitating the flow of structural transformations of “active” elements, such as a carbon atom, specified by the processing technology, as well as other, necessary for the synthesis of new phase formations, additional “building” components. The role of these donors is played by both the “knurling tool” used in the process of processing and the volume of the multicomponent liquid chemical solution-suspension specially made for its implementation surrounding the workpiece.

Based on everything stated above, it can be noted that the achievement of the above goal is ensured, first of all, by the fact that the proposed method for producing a multilayer diffusion protective coating on metal products involves applying a deforming force to the rotating product from a working tool. The latter moves along all surface sections that make up the profile of this workpiece.

In addition, simultaneously with the technological transfer of the knurling tool over the surface of the workpiece, an alternating rotating magnetic field is also applied, with an intensity within 2.5 * 10 ¹ -1 * 10 ⁵ A / m and a frequency of 20-70 Hz to the corresponding sections of the surface of the product in which the deformation of the outer layers of the metal proceeds.

New in the proposed method is that when it is implemented as a rolling tool, steel shot with a shot diameter of 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm is used.

The above mass of the fraction is placed in an aqueous suspension, which contains the previously noted solid component in the form of this steel fraction in an amount of 29-31% of its total volume.

The rest of it includes lead compounds RvO 13.9-14.1%; PbO ₂ 13.9-14.1%; chromium compounds Cr ₂ O ₃ 6.8-7.2%; titanium compounds T _i O ₂ 9.9-10.2%; graphite grease 17.8% - 20.2% and water H ₂ O - respectively, the rest, up to 100%.

The above water suspension, during the processing process, is placed in the cavity of the used circular annular body.

Subsequently, a metal product is immersed in its liquid volume with the condition of ensuring complete "entry" into it of all parts of its surface onto which multicomponent protective structures are applied.

The layers of the liquid suspension participating in the process of processing the product are evenly distributed around its entire body.

Then, in the total mass of this liquid suspension described above, angular rotations of the metal product are performed, on which the protective coating is applied, carried out relative to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, at a speed of 15-30 revolutions per minute, for 12-15 minutes. The impact of an alternating rotating magnetic field on the workpiece is performed using F-shaped magnetic generators.

In this case, the "processing" metal product magnetic field has clusters of magnetic lines formed in the form of beams rotating around the longitudinal axis.

The latter radially extend from peripheral regions to the center of the used circular annular body.

These F-shaped magnetic generators used during the processing process themselves are placed on the outer side surface of the circular annular body, along three mounting cylindrical spirals.

The number of F-shaped magnetic generators is three or a multiple of this number, any other number, and the total number of the same F-shaped magnetic generators evenly spaced on such a cylindrical spiral is from nine to eighteen pieces.

The technological device used to implement the proposed method for producing a multilayer diffusion protective coating on metal products includes a magnetic generator made in the form of a closed magnetic circuit.

The latter contains in its prefabricated body the magnetically conducting plates included in it, in which, again, winding coils are made in the form of solenoids.

These winding coils, in turn, are connected to the corresponding phases of an external three-phase power source, which is designed to supply an alternating electric field to these elements.

The characteristic essential distinguishing features of the aforementioned processing device include, first of all, the fact that the latter comprises an annular round body with an end-bottom located in its lower part.

Moreover, the annular housing previously noted is configured to accommodate a multicomponent aqueous suspension containing steel shot in its inner cavity.

In addition, the closed magnetic circuit of this magnetic generator used in the proposed processing device is made of two interconnected halves.

Each of the aforementioned separate half of the magnetic circuit consists of individual magnetically conductive plates assembled in packets, joined together to form an integral closed structural array.

In this case, both components of the aforementioned closed loop have a shape that coincides with the outline of half the letter F. In each of the previously mentioned halves of the magnetic generator, three winding coils are made in the form of a solenoid.

In addition, in the mounting hole made in the lower transverse horizontal crossbeam of each said magnetic generator, the upper end, focusing magnetic flux, of the cylindrical nozzle is pressed.

At its opposite lower end there is a hollow having the form of a hyperboloid of revolution.

At the same time, the focusing nozzles mentioned above are placed on the annular casing with the help of hollow installation sleeves passing through its walls with holes designed to fix these focusing nozzles noted earlier.

All these F-shaped magnetic generators with the focusing nozzles listed above are mounted on mounting cylindrical spirals encircling the outer surface of the used annular housing.

It should also be noted that the number of installation spirals used for the installation of magnetic generators is three or a multiple of this number, any other number of them.

In this case, the total number of uniformly spaced on each of the above-mentioned spiral marked previously processing F-shaped magnetic generators is from nine to eighteen pieces.

In addition, this processing device is configured to provide a kinematic connection of the upper end of the workpiece with an external drive used to effect its reciprocating movement vertically and rotate it with angular rotations of this product relative to its own longitudinal axis of symmetry.

Due to the presence of all these new significant technical features listed above, the processing method used to obtain deep protective diffusion layers, as well as the design of the device used to implement it, during the process of obtaining protective formations performed using these technical solutions mentioned above, reveals a number of features, the fact of the action of which ensures, ultimately, the possibility of its successful implementation on products that have any the bottom is a complex, spatial configuration.

To study the patterns revealed in the process of obtaining deep protective interlayers on products processed in accordance with the proposed technology, a part was used that had the form of a one-sided “hairpin” with a large metric thread passing through one of its ends (M96 × 4.5).

It should be immediately explained that such a “protective” treatment can be subjected to any product that has received at the previous stages of the technological process, a predetermined BST and the corresponding last spatial configuration. This configuration can be either “mirror symmetric” or not having clearly defined corresponding axes of symmetry for carrying out a “clearly defined” orientation of its individual parts. That is, the shape of the processed products can be almost any. The only requirement that must be observed during the application of protective “interlayers” on the workpiece with “increased resistance” is that such a product must make either angular rotations or other “oscillatory” cyclic movements of its own body in the machining surface that covers it the volume of multicomponent aqueous suspension-solution used to implement this technology and containing steel shot.

It should also be noted that the turns made by such a product can be carried out in any planes relative to the line - the axis of its fastening, have a closed, or vice versa, open, but periodically repeating trajectory of its execution.

That is, simply put, through the cycle of the proposed processing can pass the product of any shape and with any external profile. It is only necessary to ensure its fastening at the end of the rotating spindle or any other working body suitable for organizing its movement in the device used for its implementation. The aforementioned actuating unit should only ensure that, in addition to performing angular rotations, the part being machined, it is also possible to reciprocate its body, for example, relative to its own vertical line.

So, the workpiece in the form of a “hairpin” with a large metric thread made at its lower end, before starting the main stage of the proposed technology for applying deep protective layers on its surface, was fixed with its upper end directly to the end face of the moving rotating spindle of the device used.

The cavity of the circular annular case belonging to it was preliminarily filled with a multicomponent “mud-like” water suspension, one of the components of which was a bulk mass formed from grains of steel shot with overall dimensions of 0.3-3.0 mm. The material from which the aforementioned fraction was carried out corresponded to the mark of Art. 3. In addition to grains of steel shot, the composition of this “viscous” aqueous suspension also included the following components:

1. The solid component of the above composition, represented by the bulk volume of steel shot with grain diameters of 0.3-3.0 mm - 30%;

2. PbO lead compounds - 14.0%; PbO ₂ - 14.0%;

3. Compounds of chromium Cr ₂ O ₃ - 7.0%;

4 Titanium compounds TiO ₂ - 10%;

5. Graphite grease - 19%;

6. Water H ₂ O - the rest - up to 100%.

The volume of the multicomponent aqueous suspension-solution 2 used directly to the cavity of the circular annular body 3 to be used to process the article 1 must be of sufficient size to ensure that it is filled in compliance with the horizontal height set by this technology. Its value should, as it were, correspond to an indicator of 65-75% of the value of the corresponding structural parameter of the aforementioned prefabricated assembly included in the device used (ie, the vertical length of its annular body, which is subsequently used to store the “processing” substance).

Subject to the requirements noted here earlier, all profile elements of the workpiece in which deep protective formations are formed are located directly directly in the thickness of the components of this used processing multicomponent volume of its own technological layers.

The next stage of the implementation of the proposed processing method will already be the implementation of the "input" of the treated part of the product 1 directly into the cavity filling the circular annular body 3 "mud-like", actively participating in the process of obtaining protective layers directly in the body of the product 1, the most used in it for this mass multicomponent aqueous suspension solution 2.

That is, part 1 attached to the end of the spindle of the device, which has the ability to effect reciprocating and angular rotational movements (not shown in the drawing), is “pushed” when it is lowered down into this kind of “mud porridge” as far as that its volume solution layers from all sides evenly cover all sections of the product profile, on which the formation of successive elements necessary for further operation of this structural element is carried out hell of a friend and the deep protective components that make up the body of this part, such a newly obtained multilayer sandwich of its individual layers.

After completing the stage of setting the body of the workpiece 1 in the “normal position” directly in the cavity of the annular circular body 3 filled with the technological multicomponent solution-suspension 2, both the external drive for performing the rotational movement of part 1 and the “force” magnetic variable fields are simultaneously turned on F-shaped magnetic circuits 5.

At the same time, the processed product 1 begins to make angular rotations relative to its own longitudinal axis of symmetry, moving directly in the layers of the volume of the multicomponent chemical solution-suspension 2 surrounding the outer surface of the surface. The “picture” observed here; considering which you can get the most visual representation that reveals the very essence of a kind of “perestroika” processes occurring in its outer surface layers, the implementation of which further ensures the very formation of “particularly persistent” areas of this profile “protecting” from adverse external aggressive influences machined in accordance with the proposed technology details will look as follows.

When carrying out the “scrolling” of the above product, which is carried out in a bulk mass treating its surface zones — chemical solution 2, these sections of it inevitably “hit” hard steel grains - shots that are necessarily present in the volume of the multicomponent mud mud filling the cavity of the body 3.

Thus, in the above-mentioned areas, constantly changing spatial coordinates (x; y; z) of the site for the implementation of “close mutual contact” of the surface metal microvolumes of this product with intensively striking the “crystal lattices” that are part of them will be created and form such plastic rolling deformation “rolling tool”, forming its individual elements. The role of the latter is performed by “slipping” steel pellets that come into contact in the process of performing a turn with steel pellets that make up the product 1 in individual sections of its profile. As a result of the aforementioned such almost inevitable “frontal collisions” in the crystal lattices lying on the surfaces of the layers of this volume of metal, a kind of “deformation wave” will be created, as well as artificially generated external distortions of their initial crystal structure will periodically occur. That is, it should be noted that, by “rotating” the workpiece 1 in the volume of the bulk annular body 3 filling the cavity of the annular body 3, bulk packages of continuously moving dislocations can be artificially generated in the outer metal layers included in the volume of the product profile 1.

It should also be remembered that the transfer of these “dislocation formations” obtained in the aforementioned manner from one place to another takes place in areas of the so-called intense “magnetic irradiation”.

Due to the fact that the magnetic generators 5 are “wrapping” the outer side surface of the annular circular casing 3 along the “three” mounting cylindrical spirals “B”, at this point in time the windings contained in them are already connected to the external source of electrical power supply to them coils 7, play the role of “solenoids” in this situation and, as a result of all this, begin to generate their own individual magnetic fields around themselves. Proceeding from the fact that for each of these three coils 7 (a total of six), the electric current comes from its individual supply phase, and the components of the last sinusoidal current pulses have an angular displacement of 120 ° relative to the same input into the neighboring "sinusoids", then the physical individual fields obtained in the surrounding solenoids 7 from all sides of the magnetically conductive working elements 6 will not only be variable, but will also be “rotating” in the area of space where they occurred.

Since in each symmetric half of the F-shaped circuit 5 there are three windings-coils 7, each of these six individual physical fields formed in the above manner, moving along the magnetically conducting elements 6, merges with others, almost the same, formed in the same generator, as it were, being transformed into a single, total.

Due to the fact that a cylindrical focusing nozzle 8 pressed into it is placed in the lower transverse horizontal crossbeam of each F-shaped contour 5, the total magnetic flux obtained in the generator 5 mentioned above will necessarily pass through its body. Since in the lower part of the nozzle 8 a focusing recess “D” is made (see FIG. 3) having a configuration of a hyperboloid of rotation, then clusters of magnetic lines “G” generated through each F-shaped circuit 5 of the physical field that are released through the above “cavity” will have the form of a "round", rotating relative to its vertical axis of symmetry, a kind of "beam" cylindrical blade (or "log").

Thus obtained in a curved “hyperboloidal” concentrating cavity “D” of the focusing nozzle 8 is a “cylindrical“ beam ”“ G ”, consisting of artificially“ straightened ”in the above manner and assembled into a dense single“ bundle ”of force lines“ G ”generated in the device physical field, always passes from the peripheral regions of the annular body 3, i.e. from its “rim”, almost directly in radius, “moving” as it were towards its very center (“core”) (see figure 2). Due to the fact that the placement of the processing circuits 5 on the housing 3 of the device is performed using at least three installation spirals “B” encircling its outer side surface (see FIG. 1), and the number of the latter fixed on each such spatial path is rather noticeable size (9-18 pieces), then the internal “working” cavity of this prefabricated unit 3 is, in the literal sense of the word, “poked” with its “intersecting” its volume, as if through this kind of rotating cylindrical “logs” "- magnetic beam beam clusters" G ".

The “G” magnetic rays radially passing through it and received in the device are “pushed” during their directed movement both through the thickness of the 3 layers filling the volume of the internal cavity of the housing used to process the chemical solution-suspension 2 and through the body of the processed details 1 of the microportion of the constituent element used in it and forming this structural element itself, used during its manufacture, of the base metal. Moreover, the machining cylindrical magnetic clusters “G” in the literal sense of the word “completely penetrate” the above-mentioned “microscopic” metal formations, which are reconstructed with their help in this way, using the entire possible set of directions spatial force impact (it must also be noted that these "logs" are also, as it were, continuously rotating).

That is, we can come to the final conclusion that the entire internal space of the device used for processing turns out to be “densely packed” piercing it from all sides and throughout its volume, as well as processing magnetic cylindrical beam beams arranged in a predetermined order in it "G".

It should also be constantly remembered that the aforementioned cylindrical radial magnetic clusters periodically, with a certain frequency (20-70 Hz), constantly change their own “height”, bringing it to almost zero, i.e. “Shorten”, on the contrary, “grow” to the maximum possible value (ie, “lengthen” sharply) - (the power to the coil windings 7 comes from an external electric source in the form of ordinary standard sinusoidal wave pulses, respectively, and a change in characteristics generated magnetic fields obeys the same functional dependence y = f (sinx).)

All of the above contributes to the formation in the cavity of the casing 3 during processing of at least three spatial spiral-shaped technological systems, with cylindrical, “magnetic logs” rotating in space, radially passing through its internal volume, that are directed almost perpendicularly from the last spiral-shaped curvilinear turns (that is, forming a kind of power processing “fringe” on these spirals).

Due to the fact that the above technological spatial power formations appeared, during the processing carried out in the zone of their direct application, located directly in the cavity of the device used, the following physical phenomena begin to occur. Falling under the influence of “magnetic shocks and shocks” intensively applied from all sides and periodically changing their magnitude, carried out by “beam” cylindrical clusters of “G” force lines generated in the device, and experiencing their constant influence, and included in the processing suspension solution 2, chemical molecular compounds, with their participation, inevitably go into an active state. In the constituent atoms of the latter, their own electrons transfer from the lower orbits located near the nucleus to those located higher up from it, their spin moment changes, and all kinds of individual atoms connecting into more complex structural formations and chemical bonds like ionic and covalent.

As a result of all this, the initial molecular compounds used in the composition of the processing solution 2 decompose into the previously activated fragments. Thus, separate positively and negatively infected particles (ions) arise in the volume of the aqueous suspension-solution 2.

Since all of these activated chemical fragments are surrounded by the bulk mass of the steel fraction involved in the processing, colliding with the outer layers of the metal of product 1, these “hard grains” of it, as it were, “carry out” their “diffusion” delivery to these previously noted here , treated zones, occurring as a result of the occurrence at the above moment of time of a physical effect, which can be briefly described as a manifestation of “obvious” consequences of the entry of all the above participants in these collisions relations in "close mutual mutual contact."

Thus, targeted in the form of a kind of “fragmented fur coat” directly on the surface of “steel pellets” and pre-activated chemical components, they are transferred by this kind of specific vehicle, being in this case in close proximity to the “boundary” places, i.e. the most extreme arrangement of the constituent metal and forming surface microvolumes of the product’s body itself, its crystal lattices.

Since all these activated chemical fragments are surrounded on all sides by the bulk mass of the steel shot involved in the process, the grains of the latter, periodically encountering the outer layers of metal of the workpiece 1 that are turned directly to them, “will” or “forcibly”, due to the inevitability of the fact of occurrence of the previously noted event, i.e. the inevitable emergence of a set of conditions for the subsequent formation of a situation, at the time of the practical implementation of which all the active participants listed above and “involved” in it, enter into a kind of “spontaneous” and periodically carried out kind of “close mutual mutual contact” that instantly flows into the corresponding “working areas”, and ultimately carry out “targeted transport delivery” to these previously listed areas, all used there and necessary during structural restructuring Ki, so to speak, "building components".

The presence of the fact of the constant impact of the technological complex noted here, represented by all of these physical phenomena listed above, and allows one to make a kind of “diffusion transfer” to the same surface areas of the workpiece, a fairly wide range "Used later in the implementation of the" phase transformation of the spatial configuration "of their crystalline solutions ok, here mentioned above, so-called, "providing" smooth running of the last "major source of fragmented components."

Thus, “fastened” in the form of a “coating coat” directly onto the surface of steel grains and pre-activated chemical compounds are transferred by this kind of “specialized” vehicle throughout the entire internal cavity of the device’s body, while being in close proximity to the locations of the metal and forming the surface microvolumes of the body of this product itself and, as it were, forming the last crystal lattices. Since the components of these structural structures mentioned above, their “bearing” nodes, are turned out at that moment from the state of their “stable equilibrium” due to the continued application of “energy shocks” to them, performed using the cylindrical rotating clusters “G” generated in the device , then as a result of this, the process of diffusion displacement from the former, “habitual places” begins, such as the previously indicated and previously composed these crystal lattices, so to speak, of their “main”, and even e "basic" atoms (Fe ^+3; Fe ^+2).

The latter are pushed directly “from there”, as it were, into the “deep” layers of the “body” forming the body of the workpiece 1, the volume of the “initial” metal, that are more remote from the zone of the aforementioned phase adjustment. Due to the fact that the diffusion rate of different fragments activated in the above method and present in the initial processing solution of its individual fragments differs quite significantly, some of the above listed ones (ie, “sprinters”) are in a state to pass through the layers of the body of the part only at a very small distance (lead oxalates; titanium), while others, on the contrary (that is, “styers”), are able to overcome an already average distance (chromium carbides; titanium; iron) and the third - ("marathon runners") , and they can quite easily reach almost the "central core" of the same product (such as chromium atoms).

Due to the fact that at the same time that the “magnetic irradiation” is carried out in the previously specified manner, in the external microvolumes of the body of the workpiece, constantly making “instant contact” with the grains periodically “directly flying” the grains directly onto them, fractions are generated and moved throughout surfaces, packets of “wave” dislocations in the metal located under these “microportions”, i.e. in the layers underlying them, at the same moments in time, when all of the above actions are carried out, and the processes of their subsequent structural phase restructuring begin to “very violently” proceed.

Thus, the mutual superposition of several physical ones on one another, which determine the features of constructing the final crystalline phase structure, carried out directly in the processing zone of the “wave” processes (generation of dislocation packets, diffuse movement of activated fragments that make up the solution-suspension and new chemical components obtained in it ), under the conditions of intensively implemented in these same areas of "magnetic exposure", and provides, in the future, the very appearance tion with the processing method noted previously, the corresponding optimum set of process conditions.

The presence of the fact of the action of the latter, ultimately, allows one to produce in the volume of this product itself, the formation of deeply placed, i.e. “Away” from its outer surface, as if “spontaneously” formed directly in his body, new, “extremely resistant” crystalline structures, densely packed into a kind of multi-layer “sandwich”. In addition, it is necessary to note also the presence of the possibility of influencing the process of conducting “instant diffusion transfer” of the following, quite important physical factor. Due to the fact that the composition used for the processing solution, a suspension of 2 necessarily includes as one of its basic and principal component, containing an element effectively acting restorer - Carbon C ^+4, including the final material (graphite lubricant) then when conducting magnetic field generation, the technological volume of the latter is “abundantly” saturated with the above-mentioned C ⁺⁴ ions. This, in turn, provides a partial restoration of a number of compounds used in the solution, proceeding directly so to speak, directly “to the metal”, with the subsequent active participation of the newly obtained “mobile elements” in the necessary phase structural adjustment that make up the body the processed product 2 and even sufficiently deeply located in the latter, forming its own volume, layers (Pb ⁺² ; Pb ⁺⁴ ; Ti ⁺⁴ ; Cr ⁺³ ; Fe ⁺³ ).

In a special way, it is also necessary to note the “overactive” behavior in the process of carrying out the last “super-bright” chromium ion Cr ⁺³ , which passes through the body of the workpiece practically “through”, reaching almost its “central core”, and forms in the process of carrying out such “deep indentation” into its volume, located at an appropriate distance from the outer surface of the product, a new structural “thick” phase layer “I” (see FIG. 4), according to its own inherent properties, p Practical almost completely mimics "similar", but the resulting holding operation "quenching and tempering" 45X steel grade. The rest formed in the "bulk" mass of the processing solution-suspension 2, metal ions (Pb ⁺² ; Pb ⁺⁴ ; Cr ⁺³ ; Ti ⁺⁴ ; Fe ⁺³ ), making a "forced transition" on the 2 layers composing the processed volume of the part , metal, and, consequently, according to the crystal lattices that directly enter into their composition and form them, enter into "secondary reactions" with surrounding them from all sides and also activated non-metallic components (C ⁺⁴ ; O ^-2 ).

As a result of all the above interactions, other protective layers (lead and titanium oxalate, chromium carbides; titanium; iron) are formed that lie relatively close to the outer surface of the workpiece and are obtained from a set of appropriate compounds. In parallel with the formation of the previously mentioned protective formations, the process of transferring from the central body regions of the workpiece 2 directly to its periphery the “excess” dislocations there, accompanied by the overflow from there of “excess” carbon atoms, as well as undesirable non-metallic impurities present therein, is also carried out ; S; P). The physical circumstance that ensures this action is, first of all, the occurrence of a set of guiding beacons in the surface layers of the product 1, which is under intensively conducted “magnetic irradiation”, the role of which are the packets generated by the collision of the latter with the shot dislocations. The transfer of the above-mentioned constituents of the “base metal” formations, carried out directly from the “core” of the part, provides to some extent an increase in its strength properties, and also facilitates the process of structural phase adjustment in forming a protective “sandwich” and newly created in product 1 anti-corrosion solid layers.

But at the same time, one should always remember also that the main one providing the “uninterrupted” supply of the structural components necessary for the implementation of the structural adjustment process and the main component components used in the new phase structures, that is, the most “effective external“ source donor ”, in this the particular case is, first of all, the volume surrounding the workpiece 1 from all sides of the chemical solution-suspension 2 itself.

If we imagine that using the above solution-suspension 2, the most active performers participating in them are connected to the sites of structural phase transformations, then the substance mentioned above will be a kind of “full-flowing river” used to feed these zones. The process of delivering to the same areas of its implementation a certain part of similar components used for the same purposes, carried out directly from the “central” internal areas of the body of the workpiece, looks against this background only as a “weak, thin brook”.

So it is absolutely legitimate to state the following fact: the most important role in the process of obtaining multicomponent deep protective layers, in this embodiment of its implementation, plays, of course, the volume of the processing solution-suspension 2 filling the internal cavity of the housing 3.

That is, having completed a set of the above actions, and after a sufficiently short period of time has elapsed since the start of the process of obtaining a kind of “protective formation” on the processed product, consisting of new protective phase structural layers formed directly in the body of the last, it is possible to provide achievement of the following unobvious positive results.

That is, ultimately, the surface areas belonging to this product and its external profile, which have passed through the entire cycle of the proposed processing technology, upon its completion, will be like “layered structures”, including the following crystalline formations directly imposed on one another :

a) the upper, “amorphous” protective layer, consisting of both lead oxalates and titanium (PbC ₂ O ₄ ; TiC ₂ O ₄ ). The thickness of this layer is usually 1.2 ÷ 2.8 mm.

b) a structural formation located directly below the amorphous oxalate film and formed from small grains of carbides of chromium, titanium, iron, with a thickness of 4 to 6 mm.

c) a protective layer lying directly below this phase structure, the structure of the crystal lattices of which almost completely copies those that will be obtained during the operation “quenching with tempering” on a specimen made of steel with the steel grade 45X. That is, such a phase layer newly obtained on the workpiece will consist of “fine needle martensite”.

The thickness of this formation is usually 6-10 mm.

d) at the very bottom of this “sandwich” is the metal base itself, on which all of the above layers were formed — that is, metal, all indicators of which correspond to the characteristics of ordinary st. 45. The overall dimensions of the workpiece 1 no changes related to the synthesis in its volume, the new multilayer protective structure, in the end, did not get. The multilayer structural protective formation formed in accordance with the proposed processing technology has a light gray color with a violet tint.

Its surface hardness HRC is 70-72 units.

The melting point of this multilayer protective "sandwich" corresponds to the value of T _PL - 3602 ° C.

In addition to the previously noted indicators, obtained using the proposed method, a new multilayer protective structure also has an additional set of technical characteristics listed below.

A check of its corrosion resistance allows us to determine: during the exposure of the steel product processed in accordance with the proposed technology, i.e. the multilayer protective coating formed near its outer surface — in a 30% aqueous solution obtained by diluting 1: 3 of concentrated “strong” inorganic acids — sulfuric; nitrogen; saline; plain water, H ₂ O-

a) The results of the tests carried out in the above “acid solutions” showed:

- within 4 weeks of exposure no changes in the appearance and properties of the protective layer obtained on the part were detected.

b) Similarly, the results were recorded when the test items were immersed in an aqueous solution containing caustic potassium and caustic soda in the latter — KOH; NaOH, at a concentration of these components 300 g / l.

c) and when immersed in molten sodium chloride NaCl - at a temperature of 810 ° C after a period of time with the exposure time of the processed product in its volume of 8 hours, any changes in the structure of these layers were not detected either. The percentage ratio of the volume of the protective layers obtained during processing with respect to the initial mass of the base metal of the product, based on the thicknesses of the latter indicated above, is, therefore, equal to 11.66% ÷ 17.92%;

That is, the intrinsic volume of the protective structural formations formed by this technology is approximately on average about 15-16% of the value of the same parameter, determined by the structural overall dimensions of the steel part thus treated.

The process of obtaining a protective multilayer coating is carried out at the intensity of the applied alternating rotating magnetic fields, amounting to 2.5 × 10 ⁴ -1 × 10 ⁴ A / m, and their oscillation frequency of 20-70 Hz.

The rotation speed of the workpiece 1 in the cavity of the housing 3, filled with water suspension-solution used for processing, corresponds to a value of 15-30 rpm.

The time spent on the process of obtaining a multilayer diffusion protective coating is 12-15 minutes (0.2-0.25 hours).

The following materials provide specific examples illustrating the features of the proposed processing technology.

To implement the proposed method, the same type of parts was used, having a “hairpin” configuration with a metric thread M96 × 4.5 made at its lower end. The material properties of this part corresponded to steel grade 45.

In all cases, during the formation of protective diffusion layers on the workpiece, the same solution-suspension was used; consisting of the following components:

a) solid component including thirty% bulk mass consisting of "grains" steel shot ⌀ 0.3-3 mm b) lead compounds Pbo fourteen% PbO ₂ fourteen% c) chromium compounds Cr ₂ O ₃ 7% g) titanium compounds TiO ₂ 10% e) graphite grease twenty% according to GOST 23258-78 e) water H ₂ O - the rest up to 100%

The solution-suspension used to obtain the protective layers was a “mud-like” mixture, which was placed before the start of the processing process in the internal volume of the annular circular casing 3, closed in its lowermost part by the end cap 4 (see Fig. 1).

Using an external drive (not shown in the drawing), the workpiece 1 attached to the lower end of its spindle, performing continuous translational movement from its upper placement point to the lowest, would be introduced into the “mud-like” composition used to produce protective layers on it 2.

After all the above transitions have been completed, the spindle of the external motion drive used as part of this device began to maintain angular rotations around its own longitudinal axis of symmetry while maintaining the same magnitude of the rotation speed. Thanks to this, all necessary and sufficient conditions were created for the formation on the outer surface of the workpiece of new deep, hard and resistant to possible external influences aggressive components that strengthen this part, multicomponent phase structural formations.

Example 1. Obtaining a multilayer protective structure was carried out at a speed of rotation of the workpiece 1 to 15 rpm

The intensity of the applied magnetic fields generated in the treatment zone was 2.5 × 10 ⁴ A / m, and their oscillation frequency was equal to a value of 70 Hz. The processing time corresponded to a value of 15 minutes (0.25 hours).

At the end of the processing process on the outer surface of the product treated in accordance with the above technology 1, a multilayer protective structural formation was obtained, consisting of:

a) intercalations of lead and titanium oxalates with a thickness 1.2 mm b) a new phase structure formed from carbides of chromium, titanium, and iron 4 mm c) a layer, the structure of which copies the corresponding product obtained during heat treatment (quenching with tempering), the material of which was used metal grade St45X (ie, with the phase structure of the obtained new phase formation - “needle martensite”) 6 mm

The main indicators of the protective multilayer formation synthesized in the aforementioned manner - the “sandwich" - correspond to the previously indicated.

Example 2. The processing of part 1 was performed at a spindle speed of an external drive of 30 rpm.

The tension of the formation of new phase structures of alternating rotating magnetic fields in the surface layers of part 1 corresponded to 1 × 10 ⁵ A / m, and their frequency was 20 Hz.

The processing time corresponded to a value of 12 minutes (0.2 hours).

At the end of the process, the following new structural formations were obtained in the surface layers of the workpiece 1:

a) a layer of lead and titanium oxalates with a thickness 2.8 mm b) the formation of carbides of chromium, titanium, iron with the depth of this newly obtained phase structure 6.0 mm c) a layer having a phase structure that coincides in all respects with the same in Art. 45X, which went through a quenching operation with tempering 10 mm

The main technical characteristics of the multilayer protective “sandwich” formed in the above manner correspond to those indicated earlier in the materials of this description of the invention.

Example 3. The process of obtaining protective layers on the processed steel product is carried out at a spindle speed corresponding to a value of 20 rpm

The intensity of the alternating magnetic fields used in the processing was 8.2 × 10 ⁴ A / m, and their oscillation frequency corresponded to a value of 50 Hz.

The time used to form a multilayer protective structure on the workpiece was 13.2 minutes (0.22 hours).

After the above time period, the following new protective layers were formed on the product processed using the proposed technology:

a) a structure consisting of lead and titanium oxalates with a thickness 2.2 mm b) a layer consisting of carbides of chromium, titanium, iron, - its depth corresponds to the value 5.1 mm c) a layer whose structure copies the outlines of the structure obtained on steel grade 45XX, after its “quenching with tempering”, the thickness of the latter was 8.2 mm

The technical characteristics of the “sandwich” multilayer protective education synthesized during the aforementioned technology do not differ from the description of the proposed invention already mentioned in the same materials.

The approximate distribution of newly formed in the volume of the processed material, i.e. in the surface layers, products 1, in which the latter were synthesized - protective layers "E"; "F"; “And” is shown in FIG. 4.

The “curvilinearity” of the outlines of the boundaries separating the “extreme surfaces” belonging to these adjacent phase structures, which make up the protective layers indicated above and newly obtained directly in the body volume of the workpiece, is explained primarily by the fact that in different areas belonging to the profile of the thread being machined, the conditions ensuring the "maximum" free flow of possible mutual contacts of the latter with the "grains" of the above "surface" grains flax fractions have quite significant differences.

That is, in straight sections of the profile of the threaded thread being machined, the probability of the occurrence of the above event is much higher than in the mating areas of its other separate planes (angles at the very top of the thread and in its inter-turn cavity).

Specified here and in figure 4, the "thickness" obtained on the product and formed during processing of the protective layers can be from 15 to 25%.

To increase the degree of uniformity of their distribution over all sections of the profile of the workpiece, the bulk “rolling” volume, which includes these “solid components”, which is part of the used processing solution-suspension 2, and is formed from “different-sized” steel grains - with a diameter of 0 , 3 to 3 mm. The use of such metal balls-pellets with a sufficiently wide scatter, which determines their mass of their own dimensions, ultimately provides access to the bulk components of its small fractions to hard-to-reach elements of a curved profile of the workpiece 1.

It should be further noted that the process of structural phase adjustment in the surface layers of the metal volume of the workpiece 1 is facilitated by the intensively ongoing process of magnetization reversal inevitably appearing in these areas of "secondary domains". Under continuous strikes from the side of the generated by the generators 5 kind of magnetic cylindrical segments of the rays “G”, the latter periodically change the outlines that have formed at the given moment in time, separating these “separate domains” from each other, their own “boundary” boundaries (with a frequency of 20 Hz-70 HZ).

Ultimately, the presence of the action of the above force factor literally “forces” to move in the direction “here and there”, “now back”, the “support nodes” themselves constituting the layers of the processed metal of the crystal lattice, removing the latter from the “stable equilibrium state” previously occupied by them . The appearance of this circumstance to a considerable extent also facilitates the subsequent conduct in these, which have come under the influence of a series of continuously unbearable from the outside magnetic shocks, crystal lattices necessary for the subsequent operation of the product of their phase structural adjustment.

That is, activated and derived by “jerks” and “blows” from the initial “rigidly fixed position”, also “nodal atoms”, in addition to that, and more displaced from “peripheral” outer zones that they had previously “incubated”, more than “ nimble ”and“ agile ”elements -“ invaders ”,“ with all their might ”they strive to become part of molecular structural formations that are constantly synthesized directly in the processing zone, i.e. occupy a position there in which the value of their internal energy would be the smallest possible eigenvalue in these current conditions of the new energy equilibrium.

Achieving the above effect, first of all, guarantees, so to speak, the further “safe” existence of such protective structures “E”, previously formed in the process of processing; "F"; “I”, in these artificially created by means of continuous exposure from powerful external force factors, new spontaneously formed in the zones of its implementation, and the conditions obtained there for the final energy final physical equilibrium.

The very fact of achieving such a “final state”, so to speak, has, in the future, the greatest influence on the course of the implementation of the process of carrying out structural transformations in the metal layers to be processed, proceeding during the direct implementation of their further phase adjustment, as well as the choice of a specific variant of its execution , and besides all of the above, the resulting physical and mechanical indicators themselves, which ultimately determine the qualitative characteristics of those formed using We offer the proposed method of processing "sandwich-like multilayer protective structures."

Obtaining the previously noted deep protective layers can be made using any grade of steel, and on all types of cast iron.

Products processed in accordance with the proposed technology, as mentioned above, can have any possible and arbitrarily complex spatial configuration of their own.

The choice of values used in the implementation of the processing process of its technological parameters is made on the basis of the following considerations.

When applying the magnitude of the intensity of alternating magnetic fields generated in the processing zone of less than 2.5 × 10 ⁴ A / m, during processing it is not possible to provide the possibility of forming in the surface layers of these products synthesized in accordance with the proposed technology necessary for further operation of the products additional protective formations.

The use of magnetic fields with a value greater than 1 × 10 ⁵ A / m does not allow to obtain any “special” advantages in the implementation of the proposed processing technology.

However, in this case, during the implementation of this kind of process, there will also be an additional negative factor, i.e. a sharp increase in the cost of electric energy used to carry out this technology.

The same, when applying the frequency value applied to the processing zone of magnetic fields less than 20 Hz, it is not possible to ensure the formation of multicomponent protective interlayers in the volume of the component metal. Using the same frequency of oscillation of magnetic fields in the range of greater than 70 Hz, in the same way does not guarantee the possibility of achieving the most optimal results when performing the synthesis process on the surface of the workpiece of a multilayer protective structure. Similar considerations can be used when considering the magnitude of other technological parameters used during processing, such as the time intervals used to perform the above process, the speed of rotation of the part in the cavity of the annular casing of the device, the range of variation of the diameter of the grains of steel shot included in the bulk density and etc.

Based on all of the above information, we can finally come to the final conclusion that when implementing the proposed method for processing on processed metal products, a whole set of deep phase structures newly formed directly in their body is created, which is represented by protective interlayers with high hardness, refractoriness and own chemical resistance.

Further, the materials for the description of this invention, proposed for further consideration, indicate the principles in accordance with which the work of the proposed device used in the implementation of this method is performed.

The drawings show a device for implementing the above method for producing deep diffusion protective layers on workpieces.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section is a diagram of a device with the main power functional units installed on its annular body, providing the process of processing the product.

Figure 2 is a cross section of the annular housing of the device along A-A, passing directly through its working cavity with the workpiece installed directly in it.

Figure 3 - node I (see figure 2), with an image on it on an enlarged scale of the installation of the F-shaped power magnetic circuit, which is made on the outer surface of the annular circular case of the most used for processing this device.

Figure 4 - shows the location diagram obtained after completion of the processing process of protective diffusion layers located directly near the outer sections of the product profile, made on an enlarged scale.

In the above figures, figure 1-figure 4, in turn, are indicated:

Pos.1 - the workpiece itself (threaded "hairpin").

Pos.2 - multicomponent viscous water suspension ("mud-like porridge"), used during the processing process, where one of the main components of the latter is used bulk mass formed by grains of steel shot.

Pos.3 - circular circular body, in the "working" cavity of which is placed the workpiece and multi-component water suspension 2.

Pos.4 - end bottom of the annular housing located in its lowest part.

Pos. 5 - F-shaped power magnetic circuits that provide, when connected to an external source of electric current, the formation of magnetic fluxes coming directly to the body of the focusing nozzles 8.

Pos.6 - working elements that form two identical halves in the process of joining, making up the letter “F” when connecting them, from which the body of the processing magnetic circuit is formed.

Pos.7 - winding coils mounted directly in the body volume of the working elements 6 and thereby performing the functions of creating individual magnetic fields of solenoids.

Pos.8 - pressed directly into the magnetic circuit 5 in the body, in its lower horizontal transverse crossbar, the mounting technological hole, a cylindrical focusing nozzle, with the help of which the “elongated” lengths directed directly to the central part of the internal volume of the circular annular body 3 are formed , cylindrical magnetic "bunch clusters" of force lines "K".

Pos. 9 is an installation hollow sleeve rigidly fixed directly on the outer surface of the annular circular body 3, the inner cavity of which communicates directly with its volume, and in the upper part of this sleeve there is a threaded thread made for subsequent mounting of the focusing nozzle 8, and using it the inner surface of this installation sleeve is connected to that provided for fixing in the same region of the outer end threaded lower part of the body of the above cylindrical tion nozzle 8.

Pos.10 - curved washer "liner", which provides "filling" arising when installing the F-shaped magnetic circuit 5 of the curved cavity-recess, which is directly adjacent to the inner surface of the cavity of the housing 3, and allowing further "prophylactically" eliminate the occurrence of any additional "interference" or "obstacles" during the rotation of the body of the workpiece 1 in the working volume of the cavity of the annular body 3.

In turn, in the above drawings, figure 1-figure 4, the letters indicate:

- the letter "B" - cylindrical installation spirals laid on the lateral outer surface of the annular circular case of the device 3, on which the F-shaped magnetic circuits 5 are fixed,

- the letter "B" - formed as if "inside" of the workpiece 1 protective multilayer coating,

- the letter "G" - created by the focusing nozzles 8 "cylindrical beam" clusters of magnetic lines of force, directed from the peripheral regions of the annular body 3 directly to its central core,

- the letter "D" is made at the lower end of the focusing nozzle 8 of the recess, having the configuration of a hyperboloid of rotation,

- the letter "E" - received after completion of the processing process on the "side" surface of the product 1, ie directly on the outer profile of the metric thread formed on it, the topmost protective layer, represented by lead and titanium oxalates,

- the letter "G" - an intermediate "honeycomb" layer, on which is synthesized, as on a kind of substrate, an "overlying" protective structure consisting of the oxalates mentioned above, and formed, in turn, from iron, titanium and chromium carbides,

- the letter “I” - a layer consisting of a phase structure, the properties of which fully coincide with the characteristics of art.45X, subjected to heat treatment - i.e. "Quenching with vacation",

- the letter "K" - the source material is the basis, ie Art. 45, from which the workpiece itself 1 was once made.

It should be further noted that the proposed device has the following characteristic features of its design.

In the lower part of the circular annular body 3, an end “cap-plug” 4 is installed, which makes it possible to fill its internal cavity with a mud-like mass of the processing solution-suspension 2 (which functions as a kind of “bottom”).

On the lateral outer surface of the annular body 3 there are three spiral-shaped curved lines “B” encircling it, on which the processing generators 5 are mounted, having focusing nozzles 8. The above-mentioned power units are mounted in the holes of the installation sleeves 9, passing through the walls housing 3.

With the help of curved "smoothing" washers 10, free, without special interference and forced "braking", "rolling in" of the bulk fraction of the steel fraction, in all sections of the profile of the ring body 3 rotating in the cavity, of the workpiece 1 is ensured.

These “smoothing” washers 10 themselves are formed during tight fitting into the mounting sleeves 9 obtained at the intersection of the body volumes, with the inner side surface of the body cavity 3, curvilinear recesses, of a ferromagnetic mixture consisting, for example, of a mixture of cobalt powder, with small cast-iron filings .

The surface areas of these “smoothing” elements formed and “protruding” directly inward are then “polished” so that their planes are, as it were, a natural extension of their neighboring areas belonging to the inner surface of the body cavity, next to which they are located.

The workpiece 1, before the start of the processing process, is inserted into the chuck attached to the spindle of the external drive of the transmission of motion (this figure is not shown in the drawing).

The functions of the latter can be performed by the corresponding element of equipment widely used in industrial production - for example, a support of a vertical drilling machine (not shown in the drawing).

Accordingly, upon the final completion of the process, the receipt of "particularly resistant" protective layers, the workpiece 1 is removed from this clamping device and sent for its intended use.

The process of obtaining multilayer diffusion protective layers formed using the proposed device directly directly in the body of the workpiece is carried out as follows:

That is, at the very beginning of the process of such processing, the product 1 fixed at the end of the spindle of the external drive (not shown in the drawing) is immersed in the internal "working" cavity of the annular body 3, previously filled with a suspension solution 2 containing in its volume, including bulk mass, consisting of steel balls, shots having different diameters.

The product “pushed” there 1, ultimately, pushes the layers of the processing slurry 2 with its own body in different directions and occupies a regular technological fixed initial position there.

After that, the drive of the external source of motion transmission is turned on and the body of the workpiece 1 begins to perform angular rotations relative to its own longitudinal axis of symmetry, "turning" right in the mass filling the body of the solution-suspension 2 at a speed of 15 to 30 rpm.

In the process of performing the above rotational movement, the outer layers that make up the volume of the workpiece are periodically “flying” onto the “solid” grain grains surrounding them from all sides. At the moment of these “head-on” and “side” mutual collisions between the above-mentioned “culprits-participants”, ensuring the conduct of these “mutual incursions”, a process of “breaking” is intensively performed in the above-mentioned zones of the metal in the above-mentioned zones "Connecting the nodes of the latter into a single integral monolithic metal massif, structural bonds -" bridges ".

Therefore, there is also the generation of flows consisting of dislocation packets obtained in this way, which necessarily accompany the aforementioned physical phenomenon that is “automatically” occurring in these zones. These flows created in this way are always directed, as a rule, from the peripheral layers of the metal to the core of such a metal product processed by this technological scheme.

Since during the rotational movement of the workpiece 1, the winding coils 7 of the generators 5 are connected to the external power source, all the above phenomena occur in the zone of influence of the cylindrical “beam” radially passing through the body of the workpiece 3 from all sides and radially passing through the body of the workpiece 1 "Magnetic clusters" G ".

The latter are created when the generated in the F-shaped circuits 5 with the help of the solenoids 7 included in them, magnetic fluxes supplied through their working elements 6 directly to the body of the focusing nozzle 8, and then to the surface of the recess located on its lower end - hyperboloid "D" (see figure 3).

The impact of rotating cylindrical beam magnetic clusters "G", carried out simultaneously with the process of "breaking - deformation" constituting the surface layers of the metal crystal lattices, again, in turn, leads to the appearance of the following, inevitably accompanying the event of the occurrence of these previously noted technological effects, specific physical phenomena.

The simultaneous and, as it were, joint effect on the contact zones created in this way immediately of two wave processes — the plastic deformation of the outer layers of the metal included in their composition and their intense “magnetization reversal” carried out at the same instant of time, ensures, in turn, the formation of the most optimal conditions for carrying out a technological operation, which with a fairly high degree of certainty can be described as so-called lightning flowing directly in the volume of the part "Instantaneous diffusion transfer."

The essence of the above physical phenomenon is that located near the surface sections of the product profile 1, where the above-mentioned fact of “superposition” of these two “wave effects” is recorded, and pre-activated by clusters of magnetic field lines “G”, the fragments of the component processing solution-suspension of 2 chemical compounds begin, from the above-mentioned “starting” line, with a “super-high” speed, to carry out their own, directed inwardly forming these interacting contacts s band, and consequently of their constituent metal layers continuously performed "lightning flowing movement."

This is successfully produced by 2 compounds obtained in the process of carrying out “magnetic breaking” from previously constituting a solution-suspension, “brisk” and “fast” components - “fragments”, a kind of “pushing” them into the above “tunable” microvolumes of the metal component 1 , and ultimately leads to “crowding out” of the crystal lattices that directly form part of the latter and form them directly, i.e. as if forming these above-mentioned structures, their individual nodes-atoms, from the stationary position previously occupied by them, so to speak. At the same time, they “slide” deep into the mass of the metal constituting the product 1, and in their former place, “with sufficiently great comfort”, are placed the more “agile” and “viable” previously listed “newcomers” from the outside (ions Pb ⁺² ; Pb ^+4; Cr ^+3; Ti ^{+4; +4} C).

As a result of this, these activated “nimble” fragments - “aliens”, which were most favorable in the conditions of this intensively carried out external influence of their own new already permanent place of “residence”, are either transformed there before they acquire a stable metal form (Cr ⁺³ + 3ē → Cr), or create other stable stationary compounds with available in the treatment zone and also quite “mobile” components - nonmetalloids (C ⁺⁴ ; O ^-2 ).

In connection with the fact that all previously active participants in the construction of new protective “layers” in the metal volume have different “weight categories” (all of the above ions have different atomic weights, valencies, and therefore also “mobility”, and “ penetrating "ability) - then the distribution of these new structural formations obtained in the surface layers of the product volume 1 is carried out with their placement at different vertical levels relative to its" central core ". The very initial, as it were initial, starting point for conducting the mood of such a multilayer structure in this case indicated here is occupied by the very first layer “E” (see FIG. 4), that is, one of the “extreme” upper components of the obtained multicomponent protective coating “ B "(see figure 2), which includes both lead oxalates and titanium.

In addition, it also does not possess any sufficiently distinct crystalline organization. That is, simply put, this structure refers to the "amorphous" formations. Following it, further “deeper” into the volume of the metal, the “second in a row” cellular structural formation “Zh” is “pushed”, which, in turn, consists of small grains of chromium, titanium, and iron carbides.

Below it, even closer to the core of product 1, there is an “I” layer, the structure of which almost completely coincides with the configuration of the corresponding crystalline formation, as if formed after quenching with tempering of the widespread 45X steel.

It is quite clear that the “chrome” element present in the “last” of all the previously mentioned protective layers “I” that has “leaked” into it directly from the volume of a multicomponent solution-suspension 2 surrounding the workpiece 2. That is, the “doping” Cr atom initially absent in these deep metal layers entered these zones due to the transfer to the above regions of activated fragments containing this component of compounds obtained by the action of 2 beam cylindrical clusters “G” generated in the volume of the suspension solution; belonging to powerful magnetic fields.

Thus, after a relatively short period of time, a multilayer “sandwich” protective structure, light gray in color with a violet tint, is located on the surface of the annular body 3 of the workpiece 1 located in the working cavity.

The above, this newly obtained directly in the surface layers of metal belonging to the product 1 which has been processed in the proposed device, the multilayer formation retains all its basic “stable” protective properties, even when exposed to a whole complex of negative factors of possible extremely aggressive, external influence on the components of the latter structure (high temperature, aggressive solutions and melts, mechanical shock loads).

An exemplary configuration consisting of different components of the protective layers synthesized from the compounds present in the suspension solution 2, when processing the product 1, in the internal cavity of the housing 3 of the proposed device, is shown in Fig. 4 (layers "E"; "G"; "AND ").

The main body of the workpiece 1 and the volume of metal “K” located in its center (see FIG. 4) almost does not undergo significant changes.

The only thing that stands out during the subsequent operation of the finished product, the “positive” feature, so to speak, of the modification of the layers that make up this “K” volume is determined, first of all, by the effect on their final structure, which necessarily accompanies the phase reconstruction phase in the “E "; "AND"; “G”, “removal” of “extra” carbon atoms, as well as undesirable elements — non-metallic impurities, and the corresponding number of “excess” dislocations already present in them from the core of the crystal lattices of its core.

Those. As a result, the “core” of the processed product acquires a “higher viscosity” and is slightly “compacted”.

The thickness of such “protective layers” formed in the proposed device on the processed products in the proposed device will directly depend, first of all, on their own dimensions.

Those. the larger the dimensions of the product, the thicker the new protective formations obtained in the processed products will be. A possible "depletion" of the chemical solution used in the processing is an aqueous suspension, i.e. the decrease in the concentration of its “active” components constituting it is periodically eliminated by performing a forced adjustment of this substance used in processing, by “forcibly” adding the missing chemical compounds to it.

At the end of the entire technological cycle indicated above, the spindle of the external drive, at the end of which the workpiece 1 is fixed, rises straight up vertically. In this case, the product 1 is removed from the working cavity of the circular annular body 3 of the device used, and is disconnected from the clamping fixture fixing it at the lower end of the spindle (not shown in the drawing), and sent for its intended use for its intended purpose.

When the time point indicated above occurs, all the generators 5 included in the device are disconnected from the external source of electrical energy supply, and also the rotation of its spindle is stopped (i.e., the latter is completely disconnected from the external drive of the transmission of movement).

Using the proposed device, in this way, the process of “protective treatment” can be performed for metal products that are very different from each other in their bulk structure, which can have the most complex spatial configuration and consist of any metal used in industrial production (steel, cast iron); and, in addition, the geometric overall parameters of the parts processed in its annular body are also able to vary in the widest range of their possible boundary values.

Setting for the specified technological modes during the process of the proposed processing is performed using the electronic control unit, which is part of an external source of electrical power supply (not shown in the drawing). By making the necessary changes in the parameters of the alternating electric current (current, voltage, frequency) supplied to the winding-coil 7 of the generator 5 using it, it is possible, ultimately, to confidently guarantee the possibility of achieving the conditions specified by the technology for applying protective layers, and namely, to ensure generation in the zone of obtaining a “sandwich” protective structure of magnetic fields with a predetermined intensity value and with the necessary frequency of their oscillations, as well as optimal for its synthesis configuration.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that when applying the proposed method for producing a multilayer protective coating, as well as the device used during its implementation, it is possible to significantly reduce the costs of financial resources and labor resources involved in performing such processes, as well as significantly reduce the amount consumed in the implementation of this technology and the necessary electric energy for its implementation.

The achievement of the above economic positive effect when using the proposed method is ensured, first of all, due to the fact that such processing, which allows forming in the body volume of workpieces having any configuration and dimensions, deep multilayer protective formations, is not associated with the use of bulky, complex in design, metal-intensive heating furnaces, in the working area of which for a sufficiently long period of time, support is also required amb the temperature of about 1000 ° C and above.

Among other things, when performing the proposed method for obtaining a protective multilayer structure, there is also an urgent need to introduce large baths containing quenching media into the composition of the equipment used in its implementation, with which the most common classical heat treatment technologies (such as quenching) are performed with tempering, carburizing, plating, etc.).

The protective multilayer formation obtained by the proposed processing method, unlike almost the same ones, but formed using known technologies (heat treatment), has not only high intrinsic surface hardness and considerable thickness, but also additionally ensures the achievement of a pronounced ability to resist in relation to the effects of aggressive external factors (high temperatures, strong inorganic acids, alkalis, high temperature salt dispersions Islands, etc.).

In view of the foregoing, the implementation of the process of obtaining such resistant protective interlayers on the processed products using the proposed method ensures the formation of the necessary set of conditions during processing, the presence of the fact of which ensures the complete elimination of the likelihood of the appearance of the so-called "volley bursts" arising at the time of " dipping ”metal products heated to high temperatures into“ quenching ”liquid STI

This eliminates the possibility of pollution of the external environment surrounding this production resulting from the processing of hazardous waste during this kind of treatment, and thereby prevents the risk of any damage to the health of the servicing equipment used during its implementation, involved industrial personnel for this purpose. Obtaining using the proposed method such previously noted multilayer protective solid structure, in addition to everything else, is also carried out at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and for fairly short periods of time.

The equipment used in the implementation of the proposed method does not have a high degree of manufacturing complexity, and also does not have a greater metal consumption.

In connection with all of the above, the process of preparation for production in the case where the implementation of the proposed method is completely economically feasible, will not be associated with the need to attract for its implementation of long periods of time, as well as significant costs used in its implementation of financial and labor resources.

Used during the proposed method, the device is characterized by the simplicity of its design, and therefore has in this connection a high degree of its own operational reliability.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a multilayer diffusion protective coating on metal products, including applying a deforming force to the rotating product from the working tool, moving it along surface sections that make up the profile of this part, and simultaneously during the transfer of the rolling tool over the surface of the workpiece, exposure to alternating rotating magnetic field intensity within 2,5 × October ⁴ -1 × 10 ⁵ a / m and a frequency of 20-70 Hz at the product surface portions, in which the deformation proceeds Otley characterized in that as a rolling tool, steel shot is used with shot diameters from 0.3 to 3.0 mm, placed in an aqueous suspension containing a solid component in the form of said steel shot 29-31%, lead compounds PbO 13.9-14 , 1% and PbO ₂ 13.9-14.1%, chromium compounds Cr ₂ O ₃ 6.8-7.2%, titanium compounds TiO ₂ 9.9-10.2%, graphite lubricant 17.8-20 , 2% and water H ₂ O - the rest, which is placed in the cavity of the circular annular body and into which the product is immersed to ensure complete immersion of all parts of its surface onto which the multicomponent components are applied protective structures with uniform placement of the suspension layers around the workpiece, then in the said suspension angular rotations of the product are carried out relative to its longitudinal axis of symmetry at a speed of 15-30 rpm for 12-15 minutes, and exposure to an alternating rotating magnetic field is carried out using Ф- shaped magnetic generators with obtaining a magnetic field in which clusters of magnetic lines are formed in the form of beams rotating around the longitudinal axis, radially extending from peripheral regions to the center the circular circular case, and the F-shaped magnetic generators are placed on the outer side surface of the circular annular case in three installation cylindrical spirals, while the number of F-shaped magnetic generators is three or a multiple of this number, any other number, and the number evenly spaced on each such said cylindrical spiral of the F-shaped magnetic generators is from nine to eighteen pieces. 2. A device for producing a multilayer diffusion protective coating on metal products by the method according to claim 1, containing a magnetic generator made in the form of a closed magnetic circuit containing magnetically conductive plates, in which winding coils in the form of solenoids are placed, connected to the corresponding phases of an external three-phase source a power supply intended to supply an alternating electric field to these elements, an annular case with an end-bottom located in its lower part, while The egg case is made with the possibility of placing a multicomponent water suspension in its internal cavity containing steel shot, and the closed magnetic circuit of the magnetic generator is made of two component halves formed from magnetically conductive plates assembled into packages, joined together to form an integral closed structural array, moreover both components of a closed magnetic circuit have a shape that matches the outline of half the letter F, and each of them contains three windings and -coils in the form of a solenoid, while the mounting hole made in the lower transverse horizontal crossbeam of the magnetic generator is pressed into the upper end of the cylindrical nozzle focusing the magnetic flux, and at its opposite lower end there is a depression having the shape of a rotation hyperboloid, while the focusing nozzles placed on an annular casing with the help of hollow installation sleeves passing through its walls with holes for these nozzles, and F-shaped magnetic generators with nozzles updated on mounting cylindrical spirals encircling the outer surface of the annular body, the number of which is three or a multiple of any other number, and the number of F-shaped magnetic generators evenly spaced on each spiral is from nine to eighteen pieces, and the device is configured to provide kinematic connection of the upper end of the workpiece with an external drive for its reciprocating movement vertically and neniya angular rotation about its own longitudinal axis of symmetry.

Images