CN1831195A - Distribution type laser spot alloying method - Google Patents
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- CN1831195A CN1831195A CN 200610011676 CN200610011676A CN1831195A CN 1831195 A CN1831195 A CN 1831195A CN 200610011676 CN200610011676 CN 200610011676 CN 200610011676 A CN200610011676 A CN 200610011676A CN 1831195 A CN1831195 A CN 1831195A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed laser point-shaped alloying method that uses the small-hole effect caused by high power density laser effect to form mixing liquid bath by metal base and high performance alloy power sent by powder sending machine, the alloying point would be formed in the following rapid concreting. Controlling the laser beam processing point to point to form alloying points on the surface of the material, the distributed laser depth enhancement would be realized. The invention optimizes the alloying points and the distributing state to improve abrasion resistance of the surface, and the useful life of the component would be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of metal material surface being handled by laser, particularly utilize laser, belong to field of laser processing the metal surface alloy intensifying technology.
Background technology
By laser metal material surface is handled,, used widely industrial having obtained to improve wear resistance, erosion resistance and the anti-fatigue performance on surface.For example, laser surface hardening can make the wear resistance of graphitic cast iron cylinder sleeve of engine improve 3～7 times.Laser shock peening can improve the anti-fatigue performance of some part greatly.
Conventional laser surface treating technology comprises: laser transformation hardening (also crying laser quenching), laser melting, laser alloying etc.They all are to be thermal source with the laser beam, make the metallic surface be heated to certain temperature and (phase transformation takes place, or fusing), after laser beam is removed or is failed, because the conduction of heat of metallic matrix, lasing zone (or molten bath) be cooling fast, thereby obtains supersaturated solid solution, steady phase is situated between, even obtain amorphous, reach the purpose of improving surface abrasion resistance, erosion resistance.If in lasing, send into the powdered alloy of specific proportioning, or at the powdered alloy of the specific proportioning of material surface precoating layer, rapid heating by laser and quick cooling effect subsequently, the alloying zone different with the body material composition with forming, that performance is better than matrix.
When adopting above technology that material surface is done the modification processing, one of subject matter that faces is: the hot spot of laser beam is less, for the big area covering surfaces, must handle in the mode of continuous sweep overlap joint, and very easily form temper softening and tiny crack at overlap, when multi-track overlapping, form the soft or hard band on the one hand, be temper softening district and laser hardening district, tiny crack traverses the scanning road and forms long crack on the other hand.This is the major reason that restriction laser big area intensifying technology enters extensive commercial application.
Chinese patent CN92113223.9 discloses a kind of " high frequency modulation multy-pulse YAG laser engraving design system and working method ", it is the laser roughening technology, it is traditional texturing technology---shot-peening texturing, the development of electrical spark texturing, it utilizes laser to form on workpiece (as: roll) surface to have certain topographic profile, discrete little hole, by rolling, little hole pattern on the roll is copied on the sheet material of rolling metal, formation has certain distribution on sheet material, a series of boss and groove, thus the deep drawing quality of steel plate improved, unit elongation and japanning luminance brightness.The laser roughening technology is to improve added value of product, one of important means that yields products of quality.Any texturing technology, its purpose all are in order to obtain certain surface topography (comprising a little the regularity of distribution and the pattern in each little hole), and little hole diameter is generally at 50～150 μ m, about 20～50 μ m of the degree of depth.Handle through texturing, increase the work-ing life of workpiece, this mainly is because the strengthening point of discrete distribution has stoped the expansion of crackle to a certain extent, but, the main purpose of texturing technology does not also lie in the work-ing life of improving workpiece, from improving the obdurability of material surface, requirement of actual application is not satisfied in the resulting reinforcement degree of depth of texturing technology and zone far away.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of distribution type laser spot alloying method, its objective is that laser overlaps the caused temper softening of scanning continuously and crackle is inclined to problems such as serious in order to overcome, simultaneously also solve the laser roughening technology and only obtained certain surface topography, and can not carry out the highly malleablized processing of the degree of depth to the surface that is processed, increase substantially the workpiece problem in work-ing life.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of distribution type laser spot alloying method is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) workpiece surface is carried out pre-treatment;
(2) according to the applying working condition alloyage powder of body material and workpiece;
(3) alloy powder for preparing is coated in matrix surface or the powder feeder of packing into;
(4) workpiece being placed on the worktable, is 10 with power density
5～10
7W/cm
2, pulse width τ is the pulse laser beam pointwise processing work surface of 0.1s≤τ≤1.0s, make lasing point produce keyhole effect, matrix forms under lasing with alloy powder and mixes the molten bath, the molten bath is cooled off the back fast and is formed the laser alloying point that comprises alloying district and solid-state phase changes district two portions, described laser alloying point is circle or oval, its depth-to-width ratio n=0.3～1; For circular alloying point,
For oval alloying point,
Wherein, H is the degree of depth of alloying point, and D is the diameter of laser alloying point, and b is oval width;
(5) workpiece surface is carried out aftertreatment.
In the method for the present invention, distribute with equidistant from distance L with the laser alloying point of delegation, row with capable between be parallel to each other, the point of next line is over against the centre of 2 of lastrows; The minor increment of point is c between described row and the row, and for circular alloying point, diameter D and L and c satisfy following relation:
The distribution of point is equilateral triangle; For oval alloying point, satisfy following relation between oval length a, width b and L and the c:
Point distributes and is isosceles triangle.
Technical characterictic of the present invention also is: the scope of the diameter D of described circular laser alloying point is: 0.2mm≤D≤3.0mm; For oval-shaped laser alloying point, oval length a and oval width b satisfy relation:
The scope of a is: 0.2mm＜a≤9.0mm, the scope of b is: 0.2mm≤b≤3.0mm.
Pulse laser pointwise of the present invention is processed with following several embodiment:
A. workpiece is subjected to the control of worktable to make two-dimensional motion along two mutually perpendicular directions in horizontal plane, and laser beam maintains static and impinged perpendicularly on the workpiece by the horizontal plane top.
B. workpiece is a right cylinder, its axis in the horizontal direction when placing on the worktable, and can rotate around its axis, laser beam maintains static and impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface earlier, after axis processes a week, laser beam moves a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, carries out the processing of next week around axis.
C. workpiece is a right cylinder, and its axis and can rotate around its axis in the horizontal direction continuously when placing on the worktable, laser beam impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface, and at the uniform velocity mobile along the axis of workpiece direction, under system control, the track of laser beam motion is line in the shape of a spiral on the surface of workpiece.
D. workpiece is an axisymmetric body, the surface shape complexity, its axis in the horizontal direction when placing on the worktable, and can rotate continuously around its axis, laser beam both can planar move along two orthogonal directions, also can in 2 π solid angles, rotate, to guarantee that the laser beam vertical incidence is at complex-shaped workpiece surface, the bearing accuracy of laser beam is not more than 0.1mm, after axis processes a week, laser beam moves a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, and the processing of next week around axis is carried out in focusing again.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: utilize high power density laser to act on the keyhole effect that the metallic surface produces, make be coated in the metallic surface or mix the molten bath by the high performance alloys powder that powder feeder adds with metallic matrix formation, after laser fails, the steady phase of Jie that the quick process of cooling in molten bath produces, effects such as supersaturation Solid solution and grain refining, form a series of high aspect ratios at material surface, the alloying point of the big degree of depth, reduced the stress accumulation of big area continuous sweep overlap joint, overcome the overlap temper softening problem that laser continuous sweep bridging method causes, strengthened the degree of depth of surface strengthen layer, blocked the path of surface crack expansion, delay the formation time of workpiece surface long crack, thereby prolonged the work-ing life of workpiece.Simultaneously, the alloying point of optimization design and distributional pattern thereof have improved the polishing machine of material, laser alloying point and common tough alternate antifatigue, the anti abrasive surface of forming of the matrix of alloying not.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b are respectively the plane and the diagrammatic cross-section of circular laser alloying point.
Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are respectively the plane and the diagrammatic cross-section of oval-shaped laser alloying point.
Fig. 3 represents a kind of equilateral triangle distribution mode of laser alloying point.
Fig. 4 represents a kind of isosceles triangle distribution mode of ellipse laser alloying point.
1-alloying district, the 2-heat affected zone, the 3-matrix, 4-laser alloying point, the diameter of D-laser alloying point, the degree of depth of H-laser alloying point, the length of a-oval-shaped laser alloying point, the width of b-oval-shaped laser alloying point, the distance between the L-laser alloying point, c-adjacent two is the distance of laser alloying point in the ranks.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
At first with the greasy dirt and the corrosion of organic solvent cleaning workpiece surface, described organic solvent comprises dehydrated alcohol, acetone.For the surface heavy smeary situation is arranged, available gasoline soaks oil removing, for the surface that serious corrosion is arranged, and available dilute hydrochloric acid rust cleaning, or with rust cleaning again after the abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, until surface-brightening, no rusty stain; Again according to the applying working condition alloyage powder of body material and workpiece; The alloy powder for preparing is mixed well brushing or is sprayed on workpiece surface or the powder feeder of packing into binding agent; Powder feeder comprises sending disk of powder, nozzle, mass-flow gas meter, protection gas circuit, powder feeding gas circuit and powder feeding Controlling System.Workpiece is placed on the worktable, is 10 with power density
5～10
7W/cm
2, pulse width τ is the pulse laser beam pointwise processing work surface of 0.1s≤τ≤1.0, make lasing point produce keyhole effect, promptly material evaporates the high-temperature steam aperture that forms under lasing, and the aperture wall surrounds liquid metal, is solid-state body material around the liquid metal.Metallic matrix forms under lasing with alloy powder and mixes the molten bath, and after laser failed, the molten bath rapid solidification obtained the alloying point of depth-to-width ratio n=0.3～1, and the distribution of alloying point is certain geometrical shape; The laser alloying point comprises alloying district 1 and solid-state phase changes district 2 two portions (as shown in Figure 1, 2).Described laser alloying point can be circular, also can be oval, its depth-to-width ratio n=0.3～1; For circular alloying point,
For oval alloying point,
Wherein, H is the degree of depth of alloying point, and D is the diameter (as Fig. 1) of laser alloying point, and b is oval width (as Fig. 2).After the workpiece processing, need aftertreatment such as finish grind to its surface, to reach desired surfaceness.
For described laser alloying point with delegation is distributed with equidistant from distance L, should be parallel to each other between row and the row, the point of next line is over against the centre of 2 of lastrows; The minor increment of point is c between described row and the row, and for circular alloying point, diameter D and L and c satisfy following relation:
The distribution of point is equilateral triangle (as Fig. 3); For oval alloying point, satisfy following relation between oval length a, width b and L and the c:
Point distributes and is isosceles triangle (as Fig. 4).
Pulse laser pointwise processing of the present invention comprises two kinds of situations: the one, and laser pulse is done the time spent, there is not relative movement between workpiece and the laser beam, when laser failed, workpiece and laser beam just had relative movement, and the laser alloying point that at this moment obtains is circular (as Fig. 1); Two are meant that laser pulse is extremely short action time, and the workpiece translational speed is extremely slow, to such an extent as to during this period of time, workpiece has only moved very short distance, and the alloying point that obtains in this case is generally the extended circle, claim oval (as Fig. 2).The scope of the diameter D of circular laser alloying point is: 0.2mm≤D≤3.0mm; For oval-shaped laser alloying point, oval length a and oval width b satisfy relation:
The scope of a is: 0.2mm＜a≤9.0mm, the scope of b is: 0.2mm≤b≤3.0mm.
Laser pointwise of the present invention is machined to rare following several embodiments:
A. workpiece is subjected to the control of worktable to make two-dimensional motion along two mutually perpendicular directions in horizontal plane, and laser beam maintains static and impinged perpendicularly on the workpiece by the horizontal plane top.
B. workpiece is a right cylinder, its axis in the horizontal direction when placing on the worktable, and can rotate around its axis, laser beam maintains static and impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface earlier, after axis processes a week, laser beam moves a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, carries out the processing of next week around axis.
C. workpiece is a right cylinder, and its axis and can rotate around its axis in the horizontal direction continuously when placing on the worktable, laser beam impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface, and at the uniform velocity mobile along the axis of workpiece direction, under system control, the track of laser beam motion is line in the shape of a spiral on the surface of workpiece.
D. workpiece is an axisymmetric body, the surface shape complexity, its axis in the horizontal direction when placing on the worktable, and can rotate continuously around its axis, laser beam both can planar move along two orthogonal directions, also can in 2 π solid angles, rotate, to guarantee that the laser beam vertical incidence is at complex-shaped workpiece surface, the bearing accuracy of laser beam is not more than 0.1mm, after axis processes a week, laser beam moves a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, and the processing of next week around axis is carried out in focusing again.
Embodiment 1: the method that the present invention is used to strengthen concave roll is as follows:
1) with organic solvents such as gasoline, alcohol cleaning roller surface, until surface-brightening, no rusty stain;
2) press Fe: C: Si: B=(40～60): (5～10): (5～10): the weight ratio alloyage powder of (1～3), with the alloy powder that the prepares powder feeder of packing into;
3) roll is placed on the worktable, its axis along continuous straight runs, and can rotate around the axis;
4) open YAG laser apparatus and powder feeder Controlling System, the direction of regulating laser beam makes laser vertical incide the roll surface of concave roll, is that 0.1s, power density are 10 with pulse width τ
7W/cm
2Laser pointwise processing work surface, make lasing point produce keyhole effect, metallic matrix forms under lasing with the powder of sending into and mixes the molten bath, after laser fails, the molten bath rapid solidification obtains depth-to-width ratio n=1, the circular alloying point of diameter D=0.2mm;
5) whenever process a bit, roll is with regard to rotating certain angle, make roller surface move 0.3mm, process a week, laser beam moves 0.25mm along the roll line direction, and focusing again, carrying out next all pointwise processing, the equilateral triangle that finally makes roller surface laser alloying point be length of side c=L=0.3mm shown in Figure 3 distributes;
6) processing is finish grinded on the breaker roll surface, makes it reach desired surfaceness.
Embodiment 2: the method that the present invention is used for the strengthened ductile cast iron roll is as follows:
1) with organic solvents such as gasoline, alcohol cleaning roller surface, until surface-brightening, no rusty stain;
2) press Fe: C: Si: B=(40～60): (5～10): (5～10): the weight ratio alloyage powder of (1～3), with the alloy powder for preparing and the surface that is coated in roll after binding agent mixes;
3) treat the coating drying after, roll is placed on the worktable its axis along continuous straight runs, and can rotate around the axis;
4) open CO
2Laser apparatus and Controlling System thereof are regulated laser beam and are made it impinge perpendicularly on roller surface, are 1.0s, are 10 with power density with pulse width τ
5W/cm
2Laser pointwise processing work surface, make lasing point produce keyhole effect, metallic matrix forms under lasing with the powder of precoating and mixes the molten bath, after laser fails, the molten bath rapid solidification obtains depth-to-width ratio n=0.3, length a=9.0mm, the oval alloying point of width b=3.0mm;
5) rotation by Controlling System control roll and laser beam is at the uniform velocity mobile vertically, the track that makes laser beam motion is at roller surface line in the shape of a spiral, final laser alloying point is L=8.9mm shown in Figure 4 at roller surface, and the isosceles triangle of c=5.37mm distributes;
6) finish grind on the breaker roll surface, makes it reach desired surfaceness.
Claims (4)
1. distribution type laser spot alloying method is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) workpiece surface is carried out pre-treatment;
(2) according to the applying working condition alloyage powder of body material and workpiece;
(3) alloy powder for preparing is coated in matrix surface or the powder feeder of packing into;
(4) workpiece being placed on the worktable, is 10 with power density
5～10
7W/cm
2, pulse width τ is the pulse laser beam pointwise processing work surface of 0.1s≤τ≤1.0s, make lasing point produce keyhole effect, matrix is formed under lasing with alloy powder mix the molten bath, the molten bath is cooled off the back fast and is formed the laser alloying point that comprises alloying district and solid-state phase changes district two portions, described laser alloying point is circle or oval, its depth-to-width ratio n=0.3～1; For circular alloying point,
For oval alloying point,
Wherein, H is the degree of depth of alloying point, and D is the diameter of laser alloying point, and b is oval width;
(5) workpiece surface is carried out aftertreatment.
2. according to the described distribution type laser spot alloying method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described laser alloying point with delegation distributes with equidistant from distance L, is parallel to each other between row and the row, and the point of next line is over against the centre of 2 of lastrows; The minor increment of point is c between described row and the row, and for circular alloying point, diameter D and L and c satisfy following relation:
The distribution of point is equilateral triangle; For oval alloying point, satisfy following relation between oval length a, width b and L and the c:
Point distributes and is isosceles triangle.
3. according to the described distribution type laser spot alloying method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the scope of the diameter D of described circular laser alloying point is: 0.2mm≤D≤3.0mm; Described oval-shaped laser alloying point, oval length a and oval width b satisfy relation:
The scope of a is: 0.2mm＜a≤9.0mm, the scope of b is: 0.2mm≤b≤3.0mm.
4. according to the described distribution type laser spot alloying method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pulse laser pointwise is processed with following several embodiment:
A. workpiece is subjected to the control of worktable to make two-dimensional motion along two mutually perpendicular directions in horizontal plane, and laser beam maintains static and impinged perpendicularly on the workpiece by the horizontal plane top;
B. workpiece is a right cylinder, and its axis and rotates around its axis in the horizontal direction when placing on the worktable, laser beam maintains static and impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface earlier, after axis processed a week, laser beam moved a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, carried out the processing of next week around axis;
C. workpiece is a right cylinder, and its axis and rotates around its axis in the horizontal direction continuously when placing on the worktable, laser beam impinges perpendicularly on workpiece surface, and at the uniform velocity mobile along the axis of workpiece direction, under system control, the track of laser beam motion is line in the shape of a spiral on the surface of workpiece;
D. workpiece is an axisymmetric body, the surface shape complexity, its axis and rotates around its axis in the horizontal direction continuously when placing on the worktable, laser beam both planar moved along two orthogonal directions, also rotate in 2 π solid angles, to guarantee the laser beam vertical incidence at complex-shaped workpiece surface, the bearing accuracy of laser beam is not more than 0.1mm, after axis processes a week, laser beam moves a certain distance along the axis of workpiece direction, and the processing of next week around axis is carried out in focusing again.
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| CN112705853A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-27 | 安阳睿恒数控机床股份有限公司 | High-speed laser point-shaped heat treatment method |
| CN112746272A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 洛阳清科激光技术有限公司 | Engine cylinder sleeve strengthening method |
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