CN2460547Y - Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface - Google Patents
Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN2460547Y CN2460547Y CN 01201956 CN01201956U CN2460547Y CN 2460547 Y CN2460547 Y CN 2460547Y CN 01201956 CN01201956 CN 01201956 CN 01201956 U CN01201956 U CN 01201956U CN 2460547 Y CN2460547 Y CN 2460547Y
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Abstract
The utility model provides a rail with a laser alloy layer on a surface, comprising a laser alloy layer, a heat affected layer and a rail basal body, wherein, the laser alloy layer is composed of alloy material which is added after surface basal material of the rail is melted by laser beam; the laser alloy layer is positioned between the surface of the rail and the heat affected layer is positioned between the laser alloy layer and the rail basal body. The laser alloy layer of the surface of the rail can be processed into a continuous or a discontinuous laser alloy layers by the laser beam; the shaft can be punctiform, or straight-line, or curved, or reticular, or plane. The chemical component of the laser alloy layer is different from a metal phase structure; the wear resistance and the toughness of the rail with a laser alloy layer on a surface are good.
Description
The utility model relates to a kind of railway rail, particularly relates to a kind of railway rail of laser surface alloying.
Rail is the important component part of railroad track.For adapting to the needs of national economy, speed, the load-carrying of railway improve constantly.China railways has surpassed 3,000 ten thousand ton kilometres by gross weight every year, and special section has reached 1.5-2 hundred million ton kilometres; Main line passenger vehicle speed will progressively be brought up to 140-160Km/h, and lorry speed will reach 80-85Km/h.Railway rail directly bears the effect repeatedly of train load, is the critical component that adapts to high-speed overload, strengthened rail structure, and the railway rail that research has excellent functional performance is a present railway system significant problem anxious to be solved.
The rail that the China railways main line uses at present is 50 types, 60 types, surpasses 60,000 kilometers, accounts for 90% of whole main lines.Homemade these two kinds of rail steel grades mainly are U
71Mn and U
74, be the ordinary carbon steel rail.Under present traffic condition, these two kinds of rail defects and failureses are serious day by day, exposed not long problem of bearing capacity deficiency, application life, and the superiority of heavy rail is not in full use.The hurt that rail in use occurs mainly is the rail head side grinding, and the ripple mill is peeled off and conquassation, and is the most serious with the side grinding hurt especially.Rail just need replacing about 1 year at present on the little curve on the busy circuit.
The main cause of rail defects and failures is the rolling contact fatigue that forms under the contact stress effect, and main hurt form is that the plasticity that plastic deformation of metal causes is peeled off.Be to solve the rail defects and failures problem, improve rail application life, both at home and abroad to the research of rail towards both direction: an approach is a heat treatment reinforcement, and the approach that heat treatment is strengthened is mainly walked by Japan and the United States, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and rail is carried out the total length Quenching Treatment; Another approach is an alloying, and some countries of West Europe mainly are the methods of taking the rail alloy strengthening.Common purpose is to improve the intensity and the abrasion resistance of steel rail material.China's rail has been done a large amount of tests and has been explored on these two approach.
The Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry unite and have manufactured experimently PD in recent years
2Rail, PD
3Rail and rare earth rail, and the rail of 12 countries such as import Japan is laid test for 800,000 tons.The Ministry of Railways is through thinking to the conclusion suggestions of a large amount of tests of domestic and international rail: the normal carbon rail wears no resistance, good toughness, and functional performance, weldability are good, do not have the brittle failure phenomenon, safety is after total length is quenched, but 0.5 times of life-saving should be widelyd popularize full quenching rail; The alloy rail abrasion resistance is good, but weldability is poor in using, and poor impact toughness has the brittle fracture phenomenon, and potential safety hazard is arranged, the further test of still needing.
The purpose of this utility model is to utilize laser processing technology, merges the advantage of normal carbon rail and alloy rail, suppresses its drawback, provides a kind of laser surface alloying rail, to adapt to the requirement of railway transportation to rail.
The utility model is to realize like this;
A kind of railway rail of laser surface alloying comprises: rail surface (1), alloy-layer (2), heat affected layer (3), rail matrix (4), rail head (5), the web of the rail (6), the flange of rail (7), abrasion profile (8), wherein, rail head (5), the web of the rail (6), the flange of rail (7) physical dimension is all identical with present homemade rail, the material of rail matrix (4) is identical with present homemade rail, is common straightcarbon steel.Alloy-layer (2) is in rail head surface certain depth and scope, be by laser beam molten steel track surface, form the molten bath of certain depth, add certain alloying element to the molten bath, under the effect of laser beam, carbon steel in the molten bath and alloying element interact, and generate new alloy, mobile laser beam forms alloy-layer (2) in the surperficial certain depth of rail head (5).Between alloy-layer (2) and rail matrix (4) heat affected layer (3) is arranged.Alloy-layer (2) has different chemical compositions with rail matrix (4).Alloy-layer (2) has certain spatial form in rail head (5), can be continuous or discontinuous.Alloy-layer (2) has certain flat shape on rail head (5), can be netted, point-like, and linearity, curve-like, plane.Alloy-layer (2) has specific heterogeneous microstructure in rail head (5), this specific heterogeneous microstructure has specific physical form and characteristic.
Advantage of the present utility model is: the principal character of laser surface alloying rail is to produce alloy-layer (2) with laser beam in rail surface certain depth and scope.Alloy-layer (2) has different chemical compositions and structure with rail matrix (4), and excellent physical characteristics is also arranged.The laser surface alloying rail does not change the physical dimension of existing rail, does not change the production technology of existing rail.The laser surface alloying rail is only local under rail head (5) running surface of wheeltrack to carry out alloying with laser beam, and the web of the rail (6), the flange of rail (7) still are common straightcarbon steel.Like this, just given full play to wear resistance alloyed property and reached the good characteristics of carbon steel toughness well, suppressed the weakness of normal carbon rail wear resistence difference and alloy rail impact resistance difference, formed a kind of means uniqueness, cost economic, the new rail of excellent performance.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model laser surface alloying rail is described in detail:
Fig. 1 is the utility model laser surface alloying rail schematic cross-sectional view.
Fig. 2 is the utility model laser surface alloying rail plan view.
Fig. 3 is the utility model laser surface alloying rail side view.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, label (4) is the normal carbon rail, label (5) is a rail head of rail, label (6) is the rail web of the rail, label (7) is the rail flange of rail, label (8) is the real surface profile of rail head (5) after wheel track rubs for a long time, and label (2) is for going up the alloy-layer of formation with laser at rail head (5), and label (3) is the heat affected layer between laser alloy-layer and rail matrix.
It is homemade model U that rail (4) uses main steel grade at present
74, U
71Mn, its main component is C, Mn, Si.The little curved steel rail of violent abrasion, the result of wheel-rail friction motion forms actual surface such as profile (8) on rail head.At U
71On the composition basis of Mn, increase C content, reduce Mn content, forming a kind of homemade new rail kind is PD
2At U
71On the composition basis of Mn, adjust C, Mn, Si content, increase V element simultaneously, forming a kind of homemade new rail kind is PD
3, be called for short the vanadium rail.At U
71On the composition basis of Mn, adjust C, Mn, Si content, increase Nb, Re element, forming a kind of homemade new rail kind is the BNbRe rail, is called for short the rare earth rail.U
71Mn, PD
2Be normal carbon rail, PD
3Be the vanadium alloy rail, RNbRe is the rare earth alloy rail.Facts have proved in a large number that both at home and abroad normal carbon rail good toughness wears no resistance; The alloy rail abrasion resistance is good, poor toughness.Rail (4) in use damages the abrasion control of scrapping mainly by rail head (5), when rail head (5) wears away the state of profile (8), the web of the rail (6), the flange of rail (7) but operate as normal still.For increasing abrasion resistance, on whole section, use alloy steel, not only increase cost, the more important thing is the fragility that has increased rail head (5), the web of the rail (6), the flange of rail (7), reduced toughness.Utilize traditional steel rolling technology, can only produce full face alloy rail, can not be within rail head (5) profile (8), i.e. local alloying steel under the running surface of wheeltrack.And the utility model provides a kind of like this rail, utilizes laser technology to go up the part at rail (4) and to produce the good alloy steel of anti-wear performance as required.
Rail (4) is before laser alloying, give processing, with the alloy material brushing, methods such as spraying are given and being put on rail (4) surface, or adopt pneumatic dust feeder, adjust laser optical head, the distance on lens and rail (4) surface, make rail (4) surface be in nearly Jiao Chu or lens focus place, laser power density can reach 10
8W/cm
2, the laser molten pool temperature can reach 1200 ℃, and the molten bath cooling velocity can reach 10
6℃/S, the alloy-layer degree of depth can reach 3-5mm.For avoiding the oxidation affects alloy mass; the laser molten pool on rail (4) surface is wanted blanketing with inert gas, can adopt from the moving air flow powder feed system, when laser molten pool is blown into inert gas; air-flow can spray into the molten bath to the metal dust for preparing in advance, can accurately control alloying component like this.
Laser alloying rail alloy-layer (2) has the unique chemical composition.That the laser alloying powder has is nonmetal, alloy, ceramic powders are several, can choose according to the design alloy property.The alloying of nonmetalloid has: C, B, N etc.The alloying of alloying element comprises: Cr, Al, W, CO, Ni, MO, Nb etc.Ceramic powders is the alloying of compound, as refractory carbide TiC, VC, WC, TiN, B
4C etc.
Laser alloying rail alloy-layer (2) has unique microstructure.Shine rail (4) surface with laser beam, the alloy powder that adds design simultaneously, rail (4) surface matrix and alloy powder fusing form laser molten pool, and the very big temperature difference is spared and existed to the laser molten pool temperature distributing disproportionation, therefore weld pool surface produces very big tension gradient, forms molten bath natural convection.Alloying element mixes stirring in laser molten pool, just obtain the uniform alloy-layer of alloying component (2).Alloy-layer (2) metallographic structure is polynary eutectic, and crystal grain is tiny, organizes fine and closely woven.Between alloy-layer (2) and matrix (4), there is heat affected layer (3).Because in laser molten pool, great concentration gradient is arranged between alloy melt and matrix, the alloying element short-range diffusion, alloy-layer (2) is staggered with the martensite at the interfacial microscopic structure dendrite of heat affected layer (3) and heat affected layer (3) and rail matrix (4) interface, and interface junction is combined into metallurgical binding.
Laser alloying rail alloy-layer (2) has specific space structures and flat shape.The laser alloying rail exists alloy-layer (2), heat affected layer (3), and interlayer is metallurgical binding.For overcoming the fragility of laser alloying rail medium alloy steel, prevent that alloying position crackle from producing, development, laser alloying rail alloy-layer (2) can be processed into various flat shapes, point-like as shown in Figure 2, shown in Figure 3 is netted.The alloy-layer edge that like this can abrasion resistance is good, fragility is arranged is solid to wear no resistance but in the rail matrix (4) of good toughness, the crackle that has stoped thermal stress to produce effectively, the cracks can spread that has prevented alloy-layer (2) with come off, and don't reduce the abrasion resistance of alloy-layer.According to actual needs, alloy-layer (2) can be processed into point-like, linearity (comprising parallel lines, horizontal line, oblique line), and curve-like, plane.
The laser surface alloying rail can be in plant produced, and also available laser car is produced in orbit on the spot.Plant produced laser surface alloying rail needs the laser Digit Control Machine Tool, and this lathe is by carbon dioxide gas laser, light-conducting system, and Digit Control Machine Tool is formed.Laser processing parameter such as laser spot diameter, speed of related movement, laser power density will conscientiously be tested definite.Laser facula can be circle, and rectangle is linear.After laser output power is determined, can adjust laser power with the distance of workpiece by adjusting shaven head.
The laser surface alloying rail has unique physical characteristic.According to the difference of the alloy-layer (2) that designs, the ultimate strength of alloy-layer can surpass 1100MPa, and yield strength can surpass 820MPa, hardness can surpass more than the 1200HV, be a kind of super intensified abrasion-proof rail, be applicable to the main trunk railway of high-speed overload, especially transport coal special line and little curve.
Claims (3)
1. laser surface alloying rail, comprise: rail surface (1), alloy-layer (2), heat affected layer (3), rail matrix (4) is characterized in that, alloy-layer (2) is to form with laser beam molten steel base of the rail body (4) material and alloy material, have heat affected layer (3) between alloy-layer (2) and rail matrix (4), each interlayer is a metallurgical binding.
2. laser surface alloying rail according to claim 1 is characterized in that, alloy-layer (2) can be continuous or discontinuous in rail matrix (4).
3. laser surface alloying rail according to claim 1 is characterized in that, alloy-layer (2) can be a point-like on rail surface (1), linearity, and curve-like, netted, plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01201956 CN2460547Y (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2001-02-05 | Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01201956 CN2460547Y (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2001-02-05 | Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2460547Y true CN2460547Y (en) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=33623876
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01201956 Expired - Fee Related CN2460547Y (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2001-02-05 | Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2460547Y (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100417746C (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2008-09-10 | 清华大学 | Distribution type laser spot alloying method |
| CN101591784B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-11-10 | 太原理工大学 | Mechanical infiltration method for surface alloying of pure iron-based plate |
| CN102146563A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-08-10 | 张昆 | Production process for intelligent temperature adjusting steel rail with laser cladding layer and heat insulation coating |
| CN102179613A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-09-14 | 张昆 | Method for preparing welding layer and coating layer on surface of steel rail and soldering flux thereof |
| CN102501077A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-06-20 | 吉林大学 | Bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of cast iron rolling machine tool and manufacturing method of bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail |
| CN103628367A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-03-12 | 许春雷 | Train rail capable of reducing noise and vibration |
| CN110846942A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-28 | 四川金虹等离子技术有限公司 | Railway steel rail treated by laminar plasma technology |
| CN111172536A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-19 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of iron-based vanadium carbide coating |
-
2001
- 2001-02-05 CN CN 01201956 patent/CN2460547Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100417746C (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2008-09-10 | 清华大学 | Distribution type laser spot alloying method |
| CN101591784B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-11-10 | 太原理工大学 | Mechanical infiltration method for surface alloying of pure iron-based plate |
| CN102146563A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-08-10 | 张昆 | Production process for intelligent temperature adjusting steel rail with laser cladding layer and heat insulation coating |
| CN102179613A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-09-14 | 张昆 | Method for preparing welding layer and coating layer on surface of steel rail and soldering flux thereof |
| CN102146563B (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2013-01-30 | 张昆 | Production process for intelligent temperature adjusting steel rail with laser cladding layer and heat insulation coating |
| CN102501077A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-06-20 | 吉林大学 | Bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of cast iron rolling machine tool and manufacturing method of bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail |
| CN102501077B (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-05-14 | 吉林大学 | Bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of cast iron rolling machine tool and manufacturing method of bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail |
| CN103628367A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-03-12 | 许春雷 | Train rail capable of reducing noise and vibration |
| CN110846942A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-28 | 四川金虹等离子技术有限公司 | Railway steel rail treated by laminar plasma technology |
| CN111172536A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-19 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of iron-based vanadium carbide coating |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |