CN102501077B - Bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of cast iron rolling machine tool and manufacturing method of bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail - Google Patents
Bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of cast iron rolling machine tool and manufacturing method of bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN102501077B CN102501077B CN201110361581.8A CN201110361581A CN102501077B CN 102501077 B CN102501077 B CN 102501077B CN 201110361581 A CN201110361581 A CN 201110361581A CN 102501077 B CN102501077 B CN 102501077B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail of a cast iron rolling machine tool and a manufacturing method of the bionic abrasion-resistant high-reliability guide rail. A guide rail is integrated with a base of a cast iron machine tool, high-hardness cylindrical and grid-shaped units which are regularly distributed, have carbide textures and are combined with a guide rail base in a metallurgy manner are arranged on a rolling portion on the surface of the guide rail by the aid of a laser cladding method, and the units and the guide rail base of the machine tool jointly form a bionic coupling area which is provided with hard portions and soft portions at intervals and has a bionic structure. The laser cladding method includes steps of uniformly coating alloy powder on the units; directly irradiating and melting the alloy powder by the aid of laser, and quickly solidifying the melted alloy powder; and obtaining micron-sized carbide, martensite, alloy carbide, WC (wolfram carbide) or TiC which have textures different from those of the base and have hardness meeting HV (Vickers hardness) 630-1150. The bionic abrasion- resistant high-reliability guide rail and the manufacturing method have the advantages that limitation that a rail surface of a cast iron guide rail is low in hardness, cannot realize pressure resistance or abrasion resistance and cannot be used independently is broken through, and shortcomings that a steel guide rail is integrally or partially inlaid on a base of a machine tool in an original mode, production process is complicated, cost is high, and the steel guide rail falls off or is peeled off easily are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the manufacture process technology of the rolling machine tool guide rail service reliability using under fatigue wear working condition.Also relate to a kind of cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail that does machine tool guideway of holding with machine tool.
Background technology
At present, machine tool guideway can be divided three classes, and the one, cast iron hydrostatic slideway, it is directly on the lathe bed of cast iron, to be processed to form, and leads to pressure oil when work in the middle of guide rail and workbench, the static pressure of depended on pressure oil plays a supportive role, and completes the task that support table moves.The 2nd, edge steel rolling guide, under workbench, be equipped with and roll frame, the roller bearing rolling on frame rolls workbench is moved horizontally on guide rail, due to roller bearing, to be pressed in pressure peak on guide rail larger, cast iron materials itself is softer directly to be done guide rail with lathe bed and holds pressure that can't stand roller bearing, on the lathe bed of cast iron, tumble in steel plate as rolling guide but adopt, steel guideway has two kinds, a kind of is that whole guide rail is all steel, also have a kind of position that is roller bearing rolls on machine with cast track to process groove, on groove, tumble in steel as guide rail.The third guide rail is V-arrangement steel guide rail, is to make workbench do mobile vertically guide rail.The rolling guide production technology of inlaying steel in three kinds of guide rails is the most complicated, greatly improve production cost and affected operating efficiency, its reliability is also relatively the poorest, because the reliability of the firm degree direct influence guide rail of the steel guide rail tumbling in, still often go wrong although done a lot of work, this problem is the focus of machine tool guideway research always.Therefore, develop a kind of performance that can make cast iron have steel guide rail, the machine with cast track that substitutes steel guideway has practical value very, and the reliability that improves lathe is also had very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to break through from entirety or whole surface and process the traditional idea that improves machine tool guideway performance, develop a kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail that a kind of more reasonable, effective raising uses under fatigue wear working condition and preparation method thereof.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail, described guide rail and pig machine bed foundation are integrated, rolling position on guide pass, adopt Laser cladding, preparation rule distributes, there is carbide tissue, high rigidity is also the cylindrical of metallurgical binding and grid-shaped cell cube in guide rail parent, these cell cubes and machine tool guideway parent form the bionic coupling region of the bionical object structures of soft and hard alternation jointly, described laser cladding is in cell cube, to be evenly coated with alloy powder, by rapid solidification again after laser direct irradiation fusing, obtain the micron order carbide that tissue is different from parent, martensite, alloy carbide, WC or TiC, hardness requirement HV630-1150.
Described cell cube diameter is between 1～3mm, to be uniformly distributed or random distribution mottled; Or width is 1～2mm, spacing is 1～3mm, and angle of inclination is 0～90 °, and the striated cross-distribution that the degree of depth is 0.2mm forms latticed cell cube.
Described alloy powder comprises WC, TiC, percentage by weight is: C 1.0-3.2, Cr 50-69, surplus is that high-chromium alloy or the percentage by weight of iron is C 0.8-1.0, V50-55, surplus is the vanadium iron of iron, alloy powder coating thickness is 0.3mm, the material that guide rail mother metal and surface apply mixes after Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation fusing, cell cube is organized as carbide+martensite+WC or TiC, deposited WC hardness requirement HV1100-1150, deposited TiC hardness requirement HV1150-1200, the cell cube of deposited high-chromium alloy is organized as micron-sized alloy carbide and martensite, deposited high-chromium alloy hardness requirement HV750-850, deposited vanadium iron hardness requirement HV850-900.
Described laser cladding adopts defocusing amount ± 4.5mm, laser current 100-300mA, Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation frequency 5-10Hz, the laser beam of laser pulse width 5-10ms.
The single size that is distributed as of described cylindrical unit body distributes or different size mixed distribution.
The single size that is distributed as of described grid-shaped cell cube distributes or different size mixed distribution.
The cylindrical unit body of described single size and single size grid-shaped cell cube are by mixed distribution, or the grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution of the cylindrical unit body of different size and different size, or the grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution of the cylindrical unit body of single size and different size, or the cylindrical unit body of different size and single size grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution.
A kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail preparation method, carry out according to the following steps:
Step 1, according to the required case hardness of different machine tool guideways with and stressed size, select alloy powder corresponding to different hardness;
Step 2, utilizes bath of glass that alloy powder is spread upon to guide rail surface with the even thickness of 0.3mm, and smearing vestige is grid type or mottled
Step 3, controls laser instrument and with different laser parameters and motion mode, the guide rail surface that scribbles alloy powder is scanned, and mother metal and alloy powder are melted simultaneously, finally forms bionical cell cube in guide rail surface.
Technique effect of the present invention: by the method for laser melting (applying), the position that directly roller track rolls on cast iron lathe bed, preparation distributes according to certain rules, has carbide tissue, high rigidity and guide rail parent and is the cylindrical of metallurgical binding or grid-shaped cell cube, jointly formed the bionic coupling region of the similar organism structure of soft and hard alternation by these cell cubes and machine tool guideway parent, as the roller track of guide pass, substitute the guide rail of entirety edge steel or local edge steel on lathe base originally.Adopt in this way preparation bionic coupling cell cube its be organized as micron-sized carbide and martensite is different from parent, its mechanical performance, hardness etc. are much higher than fertile material, the bionical object structures of soft and hard alternation mutually sets off and plays a role, cell cube is as increased firm dowel pin or reinforcement on guide rail top layer, rolling of resisting rolling track roller bearing, formed the anti-pressure and abrasion-proof layer of protection machine tool guideway in guide rail surface, the cell cube mother metal that around bag is tied up is connected cell cube, guide rail surface local pressure peak value is disperseed stressed even, break the low not withstand voltage not wear-resisting restriction that can not use as guide rail rail level separately of cast iron materials hardness, entirety edge steel or local steel guideway on lathe base are originally overcome, complex manufacturing, cost is high, the shortcomings such as easy ablation.The fault rate that guide rail is on active service significantly reduces, and meanwhile, also greatly simplifies production technology, has reduced production cost, has improved production efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 cell cube distributes as net shape in guide rail surface.
It is cylindric distribution that Fig. 2 cell cube is mottled in guide rail surface.
The specific embodiment
Further illustrate particular content of the present invention below in conjunction with example.
The biological evolution through 1 years, not only can reform of nature, and its evolution degree approaches perfectly, and their some marvellous functions are considerably beyond the previous design of mankind itself, and become gradually the answer of solution problem job problem.The present invention has the biology of excellent antifatigue wearing and tearing by observation of nature circle, find that they have following feature:
1. they all have the structure that soft or hard alternates;
2. in this structure, can there be different distributional patterns hard unit self;
3. the relative high rigidity of hard unit is all from composition material or the institutional framework difference of itself and soft unit.The organic coupling of this form, structure and composition material makes biology have excellent mechanical property and antifatigue wearing and tearing function.
The present invention proposes thus laser melting (applying) technology that adopts, hard unit in cast iron lathe bed top layer is processed to form similar organism, obtain its tissue and be different from parent, mechanical performance, hardness etc. are much higher than the cell cube of parent, have increased firm dowel pin or the special construction of reinforcement on parts top layer.They are different with the invention of the bionical processing of other laser (has the mould zl200410011036.6 of bionic non-smooth surface; There is the brake drum zl 200410011355.7 of bionic non-smooth surface), one, cell cube of the present invention and material surface be in same plane.Two, the degree of depth on control module body insert material top layer is not identical, and the pressure of passing to mother metal by cell cube like this can not act on the same face, makes it stressed evenly.Three, the distribution design of cell cube is born pressure design according to surface, and the hardness of cell cube and unit pressure are the bases of design.Four, the problem difference solving, other are to solve abrasive wear, the present invention is relieving fatigue wearing and tearing.
Table 1.TK (H) 6916 serial floor-type milling boring machining center guide rail application examples
Test examples shown in table is all to adopt defocusing amount ± 4.5mm at laser parameter, laser current 100-300mA, and Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation frequency 5-10Hz, completes under the condition of laser pulse width 5-10ms.And the composition of alloy powder is as shown in the table:
Containing the hypereutectic alloy powder component list of rich chromium cast iron
Containing the alloy powder component list of ferrovanadium
Containing the alloy powder component list of ceramal
Claims (4)
1. a Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail, it is characterized in that, described guide rail and pig machine bed foundation are integrated, rolling position on guide pass, adopt Laser cladding, preparation rule distributes, there is carbide tissue, high rigidity is also the cylindrical of metallurgical binding and/or grid-shaped cell cube with guide rail parent, these cell cubes and machine tool guideway parent form the bionic coupling region of the bionical object structures of soft and hard alternation jointly, described laser cladding is to be evenly coated with alloy powder on the rolling position on guide pass, by rapid solidification again after laser direct irradiation fusing, obtain the micron order carbide that tissue is different from parent, martensite, alloy carbide, WC or TiC, hardness requirement HV630-1150,
Described cylindrical unit body diameter is 1～3mm, and between 1～3mm, is uniformly distributed or random distribution; Described grid-shaped cell cube is made up of striated cross-distribution, and width of fringe is 1～2mm, and spacing is 1～3mm, and angle of inclination is 0～90 °, and the degree of depth is 0.2mm;
Described alloy powder comprises WC, TiC, percentage by weight is: C1.0-3.2, Cr50-69, surplus is that high-chromium alloy or the percentage by weight of iron is C0.8-1.0, V50-55, surplus is the vanadium iron of iron, alloy powder coating thickness is 0.3mm, the material that guide rail mother metal and surface apply mixes after Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation fusing, cell cube is organized as carbide+martensite+WC or TiC, deposited WC hardness requirement HV1100-1150, deposited TiC hardness requirement HV1150-1200, the cell cube of deposited high-chromium alloy is organized as micron-sized alloy carbide and martensite, deposited high-chromium alloy hardness requirement HV750-850, deposited vanadium iron hardness requirement HV850-900,
Described laser cladding adopts defocusing amount ± 4.5mm, laser current 100-300mA, Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation frequency 5-10Hz, the laser beam of laser pulse width 5-10ms.
2. a kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the single size that is distributed as of described cylindrical unit body distributes or different size mixed distribution;
The single size that is distributed as of described grid-shaped cell cube distributes or different size mixed distribution.
3. a kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the cylindrical unit body of described single size and single size grid-shaped cell cube are by mixed distribution, or the grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution of the cylindrical unit body of different size and different size, or the grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution of the cylindrical unit body of single size and different size, or the cylindrical unit body of different size and single size grid-shaped cell cube mixed distribution.
4. a kind of Bionic wear-resisting high reliability cast iron rolling machine tool guide rail preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
Step 1, according to the required case hardness of different machine tool guideways with and stressed size, select alloy powder corresponding to different hardness;
Step 2, utilizes bath of glass that alloy powder is spread upon to guide rail surface with the even thickness of 0.3mm, and smearing vestige is grid type or mottled;
Step 3, controls laser instrument and with different laser parameters and motion mode, the guide rail surface that scribbles alloy powder is scanned, and mother metal and alloy powder are melted simultaneously, finally forms bionical cell cube in guide rail surface.
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| CN104786069B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2017-03-15 | 长春大学 | Bionical slip machine tool guideway of a kind of coupling and preparation method thereof |
| CN105081577B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-09-28 | 吉林大学 | A kind of laser bionic coupling guide rail and renovation process thereof |
| CN105689856B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-02-06 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of method using bionic coupling strengthening metal material welding point |
| CN106271677A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 宁波金凯机床股份有限公司 | A kind of special purpose machine tool ray machine |
| CN106553025A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-05 | 宁波米诺机床有限公司 | A kind of vertical processing machine tool of long service life |
| CN106825125A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽昱工机电科技有限公司 | A kind of large-scale part corrects press and its manufacture method |
| CN108115283B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-06-09 | 吉林大学 | Method for preparing coupling bionic surface according to components and working conditions and hot heading die |
| CN108131403B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | 吉林大学 | Cast iron brake hub with combined coupling bionic inner surface prepared by laser technology |
| CN109048200B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-12-25 | 吉林大学 | Method for repairing thermal cracks of brake disc of railway passenger car by laser bionic locking pinning |
| CN113046739A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Preparation method of wear-resistant machine tool guide rail plate |
| CN114016020B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-11-21 | 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 | Method for improving corrosion resistance and wear resistance of cast iron and cast iron material |
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| EP0971397A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2000-01-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and device for activating semiconductor impurities |
| US6294225B1 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2001-09-25 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of material transport trailer surfaces |
| CN2460547Y (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2001-11-21 | 张准胜 | Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface |
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| US20080226843A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2008-09-18 | Harold Haruhisa Fukubayashi | Laser Cladding on Low Heat Resistant Substrates |
| US7939142B2 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2011-05-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | In-situ composite formation of damage tolerant coatings utilizing laser |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0971397A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2000-01-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and device for activating semiconductor impurities |
| US6294225B1 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2001-09-25 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of material transport trailer surfaces |
| CN2460547Y (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2001-11-21 | 张准胜 | Railway rail with laser alloy layer on surface |
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