RU2555696C2 - Press and its assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to press equipment. Press comprises rigid structure composed by table, top crossbar and at least two mid transverse spacers. The latter, table and top crossbar make a transfer zone. At assembly of rigid structure, said table and top crossbar are prearranged at preset distance set by transverse spacers. Resistivity ring is coupled with said rigid structure to envelope at least a part of said table and at least said top crossbar. Table and top crossbar are arranged relative to resistivity ring to keep it under traction force. At least one extra crossbar is arranged between said table and said top crossbar. Thus spacing between said table and top crossbar is set to exceed the initial spacing that allows keeping said resistivity ring under traction force.

EFFECT: simplified assembly, easier access to press components at replacements.

14 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a press and a method for mounting a press.

The invention relates to all types of presses, among which, for example, presses for cold stamping of metal, presses for plastic materials and, in particular, ceramic presses.

As you know, presses have a rigid structure, suitably adapted as a portal, which provides the passage of products that must be pressed.

The direction of entry and exit of products parallel to the longitudinal axis of the passage.

The present invention obviously relates to a type of press, where the rigid structure mainly consists of a table and an upper beam, which are mounted parallel and opposite and separated by at least two vertical or transverse struts, which are connected together using a resistance ring containing one or several skeins of a flexible element, such as steel tape or cable, that covers both the upper beam and the table.

The rigid structure of the press is designed to support the mold, which mainly consists of the lower part of the mold mounted on the table, and the upper part of the mold mounted on the movable beam, connected to the fixed upper beam of the structure using one or more hydraulic drives designed to move the movable beam in the vertical direction.

During each pressing step, the upper part of the mold compresses the lower part of the mold so that the traction force is reduced due to the reaction of the press resistance spring.

To improve the achievement of this state, in the prior art, the flexible element of the resistance ring participates in the development of the traction force when it is twisted, for example, for preliminary compression of the transverse struts between the table and the upper beam.

Thus, when applying a pressing load, the thrust under which the flexible element falls is increased, and the compressive force, under which the transverse struts fall, is reduced.

In practice, the traction force, which is more dangerous, is fully supported by a flexible element that has high level mechanical characteristics and a small cross section, while transverse struts that have lower mechanical characteristics are affected only by compressive stress, which creates many problems , especially with regard to fatigue limits.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, this pre-compression system demonstrates some disadvantages.

The first of these drawbacks is the difficulty of placing the resistance ring in structures with large dimensions.

Currently, the resistance ring is implemented by rotating the rigid structure of the press and winding a flexible ring around the structure, while the ring continues to stretch. This implies the need to use large enough binding machines that are strong enough and powerful to control a press with a large size and weight. If the volume and size of the press reaches certain limits, the bonding machines become large and expensive, which makes the operation completely economically disadvantageous.

Other disadvantages are difficulties arising with sufficient preliminary compression of the transverse struts of a rigid structure during winding.

Pre-compression of the cross struts is proportional to the tension applied to the flexible element and to the cross section of the impedance, for example, the cross section of the flexible element multiplied by the number of windings. The desired level of pre-compression can be achieved by several turns of a flexible element of large cross-section or by many turns of a flexible element of small cross-section.

Powerful and expensive machines are required to expose a coarse section flexible element to traction. However, if a flexible element of small cross section is used, it takes a lot of time to complete all the necessary turns of the winding.

A further obstacle is the difficulty of replacing the press structure when it is assembled.

If the flexible element is directly wound around the rigid structure of the press, the replacement of the structural part should usually follow the dismantling of the flexible element, and then a new fastening operation is performed.

Another obstacle is the inability to access certain areas of the rigid structure of the press.

This is because the flexible element is wound around the rigid structure of the press in such a way as to form a resistance ring whose axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rigid structure, i.e. parallel to the direction of exit and entry of products from the press or into the press.

The flexible element creates a parallel to the upper crosshead, runs along the cross struts and passes under the table, forming one or more turns that are coaxial and which are essentially near the passage defined by the rigid structure of the press.

This arrangement allows the passage of the portal, which is completely open on the left, allowing entry and exit of products that pass inside the resistance ring surrounding the portal.

On the other hand, the coils of the flexible element almost completely cover the sides of the rigid structure, some of which are thus hidden and visible only if the flexible element has been removed.

Components of a rigid structure must be provided with a receiving channel for winding a flexible element, which complicates and further limits the shape of the press. The aim of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce the aforementioned disadvantages with a solution that will be simple, rational and relatively inexpensive.

These objectives are achieved using the features of the invention mentioned in the independent claims. The dependent claims reflect preferred and / or particularly advantageous aspects of the invention.

Firstly, the invention makes publicly available a new method of mounting a rigid press structure, which includes the steps of:

- preliminary arrangement of the table and the upper crosshead of the press at a predetermined initial distance from each other by placing at least the first strut or other suitable means;

- the introduction, separately, at least, of the resistance ring having the corresponding characteristics of resistance to traction;

- the connection of the resistance ring with the table and the upper traverse so that the ring is wound at least around part of the table and at least part of the upper traverse;

- setting the table and the upper beam opposite the resistance ring so that the resistance ring is under the influence of traction, and

- the insertion, between the table and the upper beam, of at least a second spacer in order to set a distance between them that is greater than the initial distance, so as to maintain the resistance ring under the action of traction.

A second strut may be added to the first strut or may replace the first strut.

Thanks to this solution, the main problem in the prior art is eliminated.

Firstly, the resistance ring can be connected to a rigid structure without rotating the press in order to wrap the flexible element.

It follows that machines for rotating a rigid structure are not required, which will reduce the cost and solve the difficulties associated with preliminary compression for large presses.

Secondly, the resistance ring can be mounted on the rigid structure of the press without being under the influence of traction, since it is under the influence of traction due to the next stage of establishing the distance between the table and the upper beam.

In particular, an advantageous aspect of the invention is that the resistance ring is connected to the traverse and the table with the axis of the ring, being oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the press, and thus implements an arrangement in which the direction of entry and exit of the manufactured products does not pass through the resistance ring.

The invention, however, does not exclude the possibility where the resistance ring is connected to the traverse and the table with their axis directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the press, thus realizing an arrangement that is the same as in the prior art, where the direction of entry and exit of industrial products passes through the resistance ring.

The resistance ring may also be a modular ring designed to fit into the assembly together with other identical resistance rings.

As indicated above, the resistance ring is made using one or more turns of a flexible element, such as, for example, cable or steel tape.

In particular, the implementation of the resistance ring preferably consists of the stages:

- mutual predisposition of the assembly of hard components to form a temporary supporting structure; as well as

- winding a flexible element around a temporary supporting structure so as to hold together the rigid components.

Thanks to this solution, the table and the upper crosshead of the press can be fastened simply and quickly when a flexible element is wound on a temporary supporting structure, and then the group thus obtained is mounted directly on the press.

The shape and size of the group, formed by a temporary supporting structure and a flexible element, can be selected and optimized so as not to interfere with other components of the press and not create difficulties in assembly.

The group, formed by a temporary supporting structure and a flexible element, can be dismantled and remounted on the press without repeating the fastening actions, which thus contributes to the operation and / or, if necessary, replacement of other structural parts of the press.

During the winding of the temporary supporting structure, the flexible element is under the action of weak traction, which, however, does not correspond to the final pre-tension, which is required for the press, but serves only to hold together the rigid components of the temporary supporting structure and makes it possible for the group to move freely.

Therefore, the winding of the flexible resistance element on the temporary supporting structure can be performed using many smaller and cheaper machines than are used in the prior art.

The invention also provides a new type of press.

The press is usually equipped with a rigid portal structure, which contains a table, a fixed upper crosshead and at least two transverse struts, which together with the table and upper crosshead form a passage representing the longitudinal axis of the press.

According to the invention, the upper traverse and the table are mutually connected by at least two resistance rings, each of which covers at least part of the upper beam and at least part of the table so that the axes of the resistance rings are oriented perpendicular to to the longitudinal axis of the press and preferably perpendicular to them.

In addition, the resistance rings are mutually arranged so that at least partially there remains an open passage, which is formed by the table and the upper beam with inserted transverse struts.

Thanks to this solution, two resistance rings can effectively fasten together the table and the upper beam in such a way as to sufficiently reduce the problem of accessibility and limitations associated with the geometric parameters of the press.

As the transverse axis is formed, the resistance rings cover only a small part of the rigid structure of the press, which is almost completely assembled without the need for dismantling.

Further, in the form in which they are mutually arranged, the resistance rings guarantee a stable bond, but the passage remains free for the promotion of industrial products at the outlet and inlet.

Resistance rings arranged with a transverse axis are also smaller than a simple resistance ring in the prior art, and are therefore much easier to manufacture.

It is also preferable to carry out such resistance rings according to the method described above, since the invention also includes the possibility of creating rings directly on the press using conventional techniques.

Further features and advantages of the invention are better understood after reading the following description, given by way of non-limiting example, using the drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a press according to the invention.

Figure 2 - section II-II in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a schematic front view of a resistance ring according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a section IV-IV in figure 3.

Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are schematic front views of the press of Figure 1, shown with four successive stages of achieving pre-compression.

Figures 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A - in the indicated order, section V-V in figure 5, section VI-VI in figure 6, section VII-VII in figure 7 and section VIII-VIII in figure 8.

In the accompanying positions in the drawings, a press 1 for ceramic molds is illustrated, without exception the possibility for the invention to be applied to other types of presses, for example, presses for cold forming of metals and other presses for plastic materials.

Press 1 has a rigid structure, mainly in the form of a portal, delimiting a passage zone 100 having a longitudinal axis A.

Industrial products that are pressed pass through the passage zone 100 in the directions of entry and exit, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis A.

The rigid structure schematically consists of a table 2 and a rigidly mounted upper beam 4, which is located in parallel and at a distance between two columns or transverse struts 3.

The movable yoke 5 is connected to the upper yoke 4, and the hydraulic drive 6 is designed to actuate the movable yoke, which moves in the vertical direction with respect to the table 2 below.

The rigid structure of the press is designed to support a ceramic mold, which mainly consists of a lower mold mounted on a table 2, and an upper mold mounted on a movable traverse 6.

In the invention, the table 2 and the upper beam 4 are pre-arranged at a predetermined initial distance from each other.

In the illustrated example, this operation occurs by assembling the structure shown in figures 1 and 2, so that the lateral struts 3, which are inserted between the table and the upper beam 4, determine the initial distance.

Otherwise, the initial distance can be achieved by arranging the table 2 and the upper beam 4 on the mounted support.

Further, the invention includes the predisposition of two types of connecting groups 10, illustrated in figures 3 and 4.

Each connecting group 10 comprises a support frame 20, which is in the form of a frame.

The short sides of the support frame 20 are realized using a pair of semicircular block elements 21 mounted mirror-to-each other, while the long sides are realized using a pair of intermediate parallel transverse struts 22 separating two semicircular elements 21.

Each connecting group 10 also contains a flexible element 30 having good resistance and traction characteristics, which is wound around the support frame 20 so as to fully realize the resistance ring.

The resistance ring is created in a plane that is parallel to the plane of the support frame 20 and obtained and fixed on the channel 23, which is divided by two flanks formed along the outer sides of the semicircular elements 21.

In the illustrated example, the flexible member 30 is a small plate or steel tape wound around a ring, forming one enclosure around a support frame 20.

Alternatively, the flexible member 30 may be created by several winding windings of a cable or steel tape or other suitable member.

In general terms, the cross sections and the number of windings of the flexible member 30 around the support frame 20 are selected based on the value of the tension value to bear the load to be mounted on the rigid structure of the press.

In preparing the connecting group 10, the flexible member 30 is wrapped around the support frame 20 so as to tie the semicircular elements 21 and the side posts 22 into a packaging form and thereby obtain structural stability that is sufficient for the connecting group to move as a whole.

These characteristic mounting actions of the connecting group 10 of the rigid structure of the press 1, providing further fastening of the means between the semicircular elements 21 and the side posts 22, are more than sufficient.

In order to ensure bonding, the flexible member 30 is preferably exposed to weak traction during the winding phase of the support frame 20.

This thrust does not correspond to the pretension obtained on the press 1, but serves only to block the semicircular elements 21 against the side posts 22.

It follows that the thrust under the action of which the flexible element 30 is sufficiently small.

In particular, the tension indicators during operation do not lead to significant technical difficulties, which makes it possible to use a very simple and economical machine for fastening, including in cases where a flexible element 30 having a sufficiently large cross section is selected.

In the illustrated figure 5, the first connecting group 10 is inserted on the side of the rigid structure of the press 1 so that the support frame 20 contains the end part of the upper beam 4, the end part of the table 2 and the transverse struts 3 that are inserted between them.

The second connecting group 10 is inserted in the same way on the opposite side of the rigid structure of the press 1.

Moreover, the resistance rings formed by the flexible elements 30 are oriented transversely, i.e. there are axes that are transverse to the longitudinal axis A of the press 1, in this example perpendicular.

The resistance rings are also mutually arranged along the direction of their axes in such a way as not to impede the passage determined by the rigid structure of the press, and thus allow the advancement of production products.

In particular, resistance rings are located at opposite ends of the upper crosshead 4 and table 2, where they are surrounded by a corresponding transverse strut 3.

As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the support frames 20 of the connecting groups 10 are initially connected to the rigid structure of the press 1 with small vertical clearances.

After connecting the connecting groups 10, the hydraulic press 7 is in a vertical orientation between the table 2 and the upper traverse 4.

In the illustrated example, the hydraulic press 7 rests on the table 2 and has a direct effect on the movable beam 5, which rests on the upper beam 4 by means of two rigid blocks 8.

The hydraulic press 7 is actuated to raise and remove the upper beam 4 from the cross struts 3 and the table (see figa), in contrast to the flexible elements 30 of the connecting groups 10.

In this case, the resistance rings formed by the flexible elements 30 are under the influence of traction and slightly elongated.

Both semicircular elements 21 of the support frame 20 are thus separated from the respective beams 22.

While the upper crosshead 4 is maintained in a raised state, the side beams 22 of both connecting groups 10 are removed, after which two additional hard struts 9 of the same thickness are predisposed, separately inserting them into the free remaining gap between each transverse strut 3 and the upper crosshead 4 of the press ( figure 7A).

When these operations are completed, the hydraulic press 7 is shortened and removed, so that the upper cross beam 4 remains on the hard struts 9 and 3.

In this case, the upper beam 4 is forced to be at a distance from the table 2, which is greater than the original distance, by the same amount as the thickness of the spacer 9.

This thickness is selected so that the resistance rings formed by the flexible elements 30 remain under the action of a thrust sealing the transverse struts 3 between the upper crosshead 4 and table 2, thus pre-tensioning the entire rigid structure of the press 1.

Naturally, the thickness of the spacers 9 is selected based on the amount of pre-thrust that will be applied to the rigid structure of the press 1.

Obviously, technical experts in this field can bring many technical and applied changes for the press 1 and the method of its installation, without narrowing the scope of the claimed invention, which is described below.

If, for example, table 2 and upper crosshead 4 were originally installed on casting molds, it would be possible to install resistance rings made by flexible elements 30 under the action of traction and subsequently insert only two high struts between upper crosshead 4 and table 2, which is equivalent to the effect of the sum previously described inserts 3 and 9.

Claims (14)

1. A method of assembling a rigid press structure comprising a table (2), an upper crosshead (4) and at least two intermediate transverse struts (3), which together with the table (2) and upper crosshead (4) form a passage zone (100) having a longitudinal axis (A), comprising the step of pre-placing the table (2) and the upper beam (4) at a predetermined initial distance between them, which is set by intermediate transverse struts (3) between the table and the beam, the method further includes the following steps :
- the use of at least one resistance ring (30), the manufacture of which includes the step of obtaining a support frame (20) containing at least two block elements (21) separated by transverse struts (22), and winding a flexible element around the support frame ( 20) ensuring the fastening together of the block elements (21) and the transverse struts (22);
- attaching the support frame (20) to the rigid structure of the press so that the resistance ring (30) covers at least part of the table (2) and at least part of the upper crosshead (4);
- the relative position of the table (2) and the upper beam (4) relative to the resistance ring (30) so that the resistance ring (30) is under the influence of the traction force, and
- the introduction of at least one additional spacer (9) between the table (2) and the upper traverse (4) to provide a predetermined distance between them, which exceeds the original distance, so as to maintain the resistance ring (30) under the action of the traction force. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the resistance ring (30) is connected to the rigid structure of the press with the orientation of its axis parallel to the longitudinal axis (A). 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the resistance ring (30) is connected to the rigid structure of the press with the orientation of its axis transverse to the longitudinal axis (A). 4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that at least two resistance rings (30) are used, which are connected to the rigid structure of the press to ensure their location at a certain distance from each other, at which the passage zone (100) of the press remains at least partially open. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use a resistance ring (30) containing one or more turns of a flexible element. 6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that as a flexible element using a flexible cable. 7. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that as a flexible element using a flexible tape. 8. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that the manufacture of a resistance ring (30) includes the steps of:
preliminary arrangement of rigid block elements (21, 22) to obtain a support frame (20);
and winding the flexible element around the support frame (20) for fastening the rigid block elements (21, 22) with fixing the flexible element. 9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the support frame (20) contains at least one receiving channel (23) for a flexible element that is wound on said support frame (20). 10. A press containing a rigid structure consisting of a table (2) and at least two intermediate transverse struts (3), which together with the table (2) and the upper traverse (4) form a passage zone (100) having a longitudinal axis ( A), characterized in that the upper crosshead (4) and the table (2) are connected to each other using at least two resistance rings (30), each of which contains a flexible element wound around a support frame (20), which is connected with a rigid press structure so that the resistance ring (30) is located around at least part of the upper beam (4) and at least part of the table (2) with the orientation of the axis of the resistance ring (30) transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis (A) of the press, with each supporting frame containing at least two blocks element (21), separated by two replaceable transverse struts (22), fastened together by a flexible element wound around them. 11. Press according to claim 10, characterized in that the resistance rings (30) are installed at opposite ends of the upper crosshead (4). 12. Press according to claim 10, characterized in that each of the resistance rings (30) is wound around a respective transverse strut (3). 13. Press according to claim 10, characterized in that each of the resistance rings (30) contains one or more turns of a flexible element. 14. Press according to claim 10, characterized in that the cross struts consist of two parts (3, 9) located on the same line.

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