RU2555627C2 - Method of fight against mobile target (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of fight against mobile targets, first of all, against vehicles. The method of fight against the mobile target includes the following steps: a) identification of the target, b) marking of the target by a marking (10) invisible in a visible range, but reflecting in the selected range of wave length the invisible light range, c) tracking of the marked mobile target by means of the image registering device (40) provided on the aircraft armed with rockets, this device is sensitive in the selected range of lengths of waves of invisible range, d) killing of the marked mobile target by a rocket, the marking (10) is formed by invisible marking paint, reflecting in the selected invisible range of wave lengths and containing varnish and embedded reflecting particles which in the selected range of wave length of the invisible light range have the index of refraction sufficient for reflectance, the varnish and embedded particles are transparent in the visible light range, reflecting particles in the visible light range have the same index of refraction with the varnish, so the marking paint in this range is transparent, the marking paint is applied on the target at a distance from it by means of paintball marker (30), and an aircraft and a paintball marker are located in different places.

EFFECT: creation of methods which make it possible to determine the location and tracking of mobile targets, and if necessary, fight against them.

13 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling a moving (moving) target, in particular a vehicle.

First of all, in the case of the so-called asymmetric threatening situations, when hostile persons disguise themselves as civilians and act from under this disguise, it is difficult to deal with individual hostile persons remotely and imperceptibly, without causing great collateral losses.

First of all, the use of civilian vehicles by hostile individuals makes it difficult to identify and thereby combat hostile individuals. If the fight against these hostile persons is carried out purposefully from the immediate vicinity, for example, by their own fighting forces through firearms, then these own fighting forces are unmasked due to the use of firearms and the ensuing consequences. Therefore, especially in operations on enemy territory, such a direct fight against hostile persons is excluded.

It would be advantageous here to be able to combat hostile individuals through so-called unmanned aerial vehicles. For this, it is necessary that the unmanned aerial vehicle uniquely identify the vehicle on which the hostile person is moving. However, this identification often cannot be unambiguously carried out by an unmanned aerial vehicle, since it is also possible that other vehicles of the same type with the same exterior color move in the area in which the target person is located.

In principle, it is possible to carry out automatic identification by image-recording devices of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on the license plate of the vehicle used by the target person, if this number is known. However, often the angle of attack and the angle of view of the unmanned aerial vehicle are not suitable in order to reliably register and recognize the vehicle license plate.

Description of the invention

Therefore, the present invention is to develop an appropriate method that made it possible to determine the location and tracking of moving targets and, if necessary, to combat them.

The problem related to the method is solved in the variants of the method proposed in the invention.

In the first embodiment, the method of combating a moving target, primarily a vehicle, includes the following steps:

a) identification of the goal,

b) marking the target with a marking that is invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,

c) tracking a marked movable target by means of a missile equipped with an aircraft equipped with a missile, which registers an image of a device that is sensitive in the selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum,

d) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,

wherein the marking is formed by an invisible marking paint that reflects in the selected wavelength range and contains varnish and reflective particles embedded in it, which in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum have a refractive index sufficient for retroreflection; are translucent in the visible light spectrum, varnish and particles embedded in it are translucent in the visible light spectrum; retroreflective particles have the same refractive index in the visible light spectrum as the varnish, so that the marking ink in this spectrum is transparent. In addition, marking paint is applied to the target at a distance from it by means of a paintball marker, while the aircraft and the paintball marker are located in different places.

In the second embodiment, the method of combating a moving target, primarily a vehicle, includes the following steps:

a) identification of the goal,

b) marking the target with a marking paint fired from a paintball marker located at a distance from the target, the masking paint being invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,

c) tracking a marked movable target by means of an image-recording device (40) provided on an aircraft equipped with a rocket and sensitive in a selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum,

d) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,

while the aircraft and the paintball marker are located in different places.

In the third embodiment, the method of combating a moving target, primarily a vehicle, includes the following steps:

a) identification of the goal,

b) marking the target with a marking paint fired from a paintball marker located at a distance from the target, the masking paint being invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,

c) tracking a marked moving target by means of an image-recording device (40) provided on an aircraft and sensitive in a selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum,

d) determining the location of the marked target,

e) transmitting the location data of the marked target to another aircraft equipped with a missile, and

e) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,

while another aircraft and paintball marker are located in different places.

 Marking a target, after it has been identified, is invisible in the visible spectrum, but visible in the selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum with retroreflective marking makes it possible to mark a moving target so that the marking is invisible to the naked eye, that is, for example, is thin and transparent, to a lesser extent, however, is not perceived as marking. Thus, when traveling in a moving target, such as a vehicle, the target person does not notice the marking process or does not know that he is sitting in a marked vehicle, and therefore does not realize the potential threat that is associated with marking a moving target. Then, the marked moving target is accompanied by an image recording device provided on the aircraft, which is sensitive in the selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum. This tracking can be carried out remotely from the air, so that the target person does not notice this tracking.

Preferably, the selected wavelength range is in the infrared spectrum. Due to this, natural sources of illumination, such as, for example, the sun or the moon, can be used, so that the image-recording device provided on the aircraft operates in a passive mode and does not unmask itself by the radiation of its own illumination, i.e. target tracking is carried out without its illumination from the aircraft.

Preferably, the marking is formed by an invisible, for example transparent in the visible spectrum, but reflective paint in a selected invisible wavelength range, which contains a varnish and reflective particles embedded in it, and the particles in the selected invisible light spectrum wavelength range have a refractive index sufficient for retroreflection, and moreover, the varnish and the particles embedded in it are translucent in the visible light spectrum. Such marking ink can be applied quickly and easily, and in the dried state is not noticeable. Preferably, this marking ink is low viscosity and quick-drying, so that it can spread over a large area in a short time and thus quickly create a varnish-like transparent thin layer that dries quickly. This marking is then barely visible or indistinguishable to the naked eye, therefore, at least when superficially examined, is invisible.

Preferably, the retroreflective particles in the visible light spectrum have the same refractive index as the varnish, so that the marking ink in this spectrum is transparent.

In addition, the marking ink is preferably insoluble or insoluble in water and adheres firmly to the base and thus cannot be removed without a lot of labor. Due to this, it is not washed off easily by rain.

It is particularly advantageous when marking paint is applied to the target remotely. This occurs, preferably, with a paintball marker. This marking according to the invention of a moving target to be hit can thus be carried out by its own masked military forces and occurs by means of an invisibly shot paintball ball, which is filled with reflective paint visible only in the infrared spectrum and bursts when it hits a target to be marked. Even if the target person notices the impact of the paintball, which, for example, is unlikely when the vehicle’s engine is running, it will not perceive this blow as a preliminary stage of a potential threat, since nothing will happen immediately after the impact of the paintball.

It is particularly preferred when the aircraft used to track and / or defeat a marked target is an unmanned aerial vehicle, which is made primarily in the form of a helicopter or a winged aircraft (fixed-wing aircraft). This observation and tracking of the target from the air can occur at a great distance, so that the target person in the target does not directly understand that he is being accompanied. First of all, when the aircraft is a miniature aircraft the size of an airplane model, the likelihood that the target person will notice the escort is significantly reduced.

It is particularly preferred when the aircraft for tracking the marked target is equipped with a device for determining the location, and when the location of the marked target is determined from the device determined for determining the location of its own location and the angle of view of the marked target.

In this case, it is advantageous when the data necessary for determining the location of the marked target on the actual position of the platform and the viewing angle to the target or already determined on board the platform, the location of the marked target is transmitted, preferably via a wireless data line to the guidance station or to the aircraft apparatus for combating a marked target. This variant of the method according to the invention allows the use of extremely small platforms to pursue marked goals, for example, a miniature aircraft with the above-described dimensions of an airplane model. An aircraft to combat a marked target can thus be provided with the necessary data to determine the location of the target to be hit, and the hit can occur, for example, in a place where the expected incidental losses are minimized. This embodiment of the invention corresponds to the third embodiment of the method of the invention.

In the first and second variants of the method proposed in the invention, an aircraft carrying out target tracking is itself equipped with a device to combat a marked target, namely a missile, which allows hitting a hostile target without delay.

It is especially advantageous when, in the method according to the invention, an aircraft with an image-recording device is located between a natural light source, for example the sun or moon, and a marked target. In this case, sunlight or moonlight reflected by the retroreflective marking enters the aircraft. This use of natural sunlight or moonlight to illuminate the target makes it possible for a purely passive design of the image-recording device of the platform, so that it does not have to send any light of its own through which it can be detected, i.e. escort is carried out without backlight from the aircraft.

Embodiments of the invention are discussed below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show

figure 1 - scenario for marking a moving target according to step b) proposed in the invention method, and

figure 2 - tracking marked goals according to step c) proposed in the invention method.

Figure 1 schematically shows a scenario marking a moving target. The moving target here is formed by a car 1 that travels along street 2. The target is first identified in order to determine if the target person is traveling in the car. This identification of the target person is carried out by military forces not shown in the figure, and when the identification occurs, the secretly disguised masked arrow 3 is transmitted target designation to target 1.

Shooter 3 is armed with a paintball marker 30 for paintballs, that is, for paintballs. These paint balls consist, for example, of a gelatin shell that surrounds a supply of paint. Used in the method according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the marking ink is an invisible ink that exhibits retroreflective properties in the infrared wavelength range.

Marking paint has retroreflective particles that are embedded in and surrounded by the paint material. The paint and varnish material and the material of the retroreflective particles, as well as their external shape, are thus adapted to each other so that the marking paint in the visible light spectrum is transparent, that is, it is translucent and does not absorb any colors of the visible spectrum. In the selected range of wavelengths of invisible light, for example in the infrared range, particles, on the contrary, have retroreflective properties. For this, the refractive indices of the varnish and the particle material in the selected range of wavelengths of invisible light are different, so that a reflection, and thereby the desired retroreflective effect, occurs at the transition, that is, in the boundary layer, between the particle material and the varnish. In contrast, the refractive indices of the varnish and the particle material in the visible region of the spectrum are the same, so that no reflection occurs at the interface between the particle material and the varnish.

The shooter 3 fires on the vehicle 1 identified as the target, if possible in the area of the upward facing surface, for example, the engine hood, roof or trunk lid, with one or more paintball balls with this marking paint, so as to put an invisible, retroreflective marking on the car body 1 as marking 10 infrared wavelength range of paint.

Passengers of the car probably will not notice the impact of the paintball ball on the body due to environmental noise, or they will not regard it as a dangerous situation or as a preliminary stage of a dangerous situation.

In a further progress of the method according to the invention, a vehicle 1 equipped with a retroreflective marking 10 is detected by an image recording device 40 on board a mobile platform, in the shown example of a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle 4, and is identified by marking 10. In this case, the reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle 4 is in a position between car 1 and sun 5 essentially on or slightly adjacent to a straight line that describes sunlight falling on car 1. Thus, the image recording device 40 can pick up the sunlight returned by the marking 10.

Based on the location data of the unmanned aerial vehicle determined by a conventional device for determining the location on an unmanned aerial vehicle 4, an on-board computer provided on board the unmanned aerial vehicle 4 together with the also known direction vector of the image recording device 40 toward the target, as well as the estimated or measured distance to the target can determine the location data of the vehicle 1 that forms the target and, through the data line, transmit further on (not the designated) station of destruction, for example, another unmanned aerial vehicle 4 or ground units. Alternatively, the unmanned aerial vehicle 4 may also be equipped with an appropriate destruction device, such as missiles, for directly hitting an identified target.

Although the example shown and described above shows the application of an invisible, but infrared reflective marking 10 by means of a paintball marker, marking 10 can also be applied to the target in another way. So, for example, a bag of paint can be dropped from a camouflaged unmanned aerial vehicle onto a target. The target can also be marked unnoticed by special units using spray paint, which has invisible retroreflective properties.

The retroreflective property of the invisible marking 10 is not limited to the infrared wavelength range. Marking 10 may also be retroreflective in another invisible wavelength range, such as, for example, in the wavelength range of ultraviolet light. Accordingly, then properties for the wavelengths of the image-recording device are adapted to this wavelength range. Further, the platform formed, for example, by an unmanned aerial vehicle 4 can also be equipped with an active lighting device (not shown) that emits light in the invisible wavelength range, which is reflected by retroreflective marking 10. In this case, there is no need to place the unmanned aerial vehicle made in the example the aircraft of the platform between a natural light source, such as, for example, the sun 5, and the target formed in the example by car 1. However, the use of natural light of the sun 5 described in the example has the advantage that the platform formed by the unmanned aerial vehicle 4 does not give itself out to the target person due to the radiation of its own (visible or invisible) lighting.

An integral part of the invisible retroreflective paint used as marking 10 in the described embodiment can be, for example, perylene (an organic molecule of four benzene rings).

The reference signs in the claims, description and figures serve only to better understand the invention and should not limit the scope of protection.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 car

2 street

3 shooters

4 unmanned aerial vehicle

5 sun

10 retroreflective marking

30 marker

40 image recording device.

Claims (13)

1. A method of dealing with a moving target, comprising the following steps:
a) identification of the goal,
b) marking the target with a marking (10), invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,
c) tracking a marked movable target by means of a device recording an image (40) that is sensitive in a selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum, provided on an aircraft equipped with a rocket,
d) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,
wherein:
- marking (10) is formed by an invisible marking paint that reflects in the selected invisible wavelength range and contains varnish and reflective particles embedded in it, which in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum have a refractive index sufficient for retroreflection,
- the varnish and the particles embedded in it are translucent in the visible light spectrum,
- retroreflective particles in the visible light spectrum have the same refractive index as the varnish, so that the marking ink in this spectrum is transparent,
- marking paint is applied to the target at a distance from it by means of a paintball marker (30), and
- the aircraft and the paintball marker are located in different places. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the selected wavelength range is in the infrared spectrum. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a helicopter or a winged aircraft is used as an aircraft. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which,
the aircraft is equipped with a positioning device, and
- from the determined by this device for determining the location of its own location and the angle of view on the marked target, the location data of the marked target is determined. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft is positioned between a natural light source and a marked target. 6. The method according to claim 5, in which the natural source of illumination is the sun or moon. 7. A method of dealing with a moving target, comprising the following steps:
a) identification of the goal,
b) marking the target with a marking paint fired from a paintball marker located at a distance from the target, the masking paint being invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,
c) tracking a marked movable target by means of an image-recording device (40) provided on an aircraft equipped with a rocket and sensitive in a selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum,
d) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,
while the aircraft and the paintball marker are located in different places. 8. The method according to claim 7, in which the camouflage paint contains varnish and particles embedded in it, and the varnish and particles have different refractive indices in the selected wavelength range of invisible light and the same refractive index in the visible region of the spectrum. 9. The method according to claim 7, in which the selected wavelength range is in the infrared spectrum. 10. The method according to claim 7, in which a helicopter or a winged aircraft is used as an aircraft. 11. The method according to claim 7, in which,
- the aircraft is equipped with a device for determining location, and
- from the determined by this device for determining the location of its own location and the angle of view on the marked target, the location data of the marked target is determined. 12. The method according to claim 7, in which the marked movable target is accompanied without its illumination from the aircraft. 13. A method of dealing with a moving target, comprising the following steps:
a) identification of the goal,
b) marking the target with a marking paint fired from a paintball marker located at a distance from the target, the marking paint being invisible in the visible spectrum, but retroreflective in the selected wavelength range of the invisible light spectrum,
c) tracking a marked movable target by means of an image-recording device (40) provided on an aircraft that is sensitive in a selected wavelength range of the invisible spectrum,
d) determining the location of the marked target,
e) transmitting the location data of the marked target to another aircraft equipped with a missile, and
e) the defeat of a marked mobile target by a missile,
while another aircraft and paintball marker are located in different places.

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