RU2554076C1 - Gasoline additive and compound containing this additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry.

SUBSTANCE: octane-increasing gasoline additive based on toluidine and alcohol comprises synergetic compound of mixture of meta- and ortho-toluidines, isobutyl alcohol and vegetable oil condensation product, diethanol amine and boracic acid at mole ratio of vegetable oil, diethanol amine and boracic acid components of 0.75 - 1:3:0.5 - 1 and the following ratio of components, wt %: meta-toluidine - 49-54, ortho-toluidine - 24-27, isobutyl alcohol - 16-22, condensation product - 3-5. The gasoline-based compound contains an octane booster that includes the above additive in quantity of 1-3 vol %.

EFFECT: developing octane booster and using additive with high antiknock properties in composition of gasoline-based compound, creating synergetic compound, production of qualitative additive that does not contain metalorganic additives and MMA.

2 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemicals, and more particularly, to the composition of an octane enhancing gasoline additive and a composition containing this additive intended for use in internal combustion engines. An additive to gasoline based on aromatic amines and alcohol includes, wt.%: 49-54 - meta-toluidine, 24-27 - ortho-toluidine, 16-22 - isobutyl alcohol, 3-5 - condensation product of vegetable oil, diethanolamine and boric acid with a molar ratio of 0.75-1.0: 3: 0.5-1.

A gasoline-based composition contains the above additive in an amount of 1-3% vol.

The present invention relates to an additive that increases the antiknock resistance of hydrocarbon combustible fuel gasolines, in particular motor gasolines. Direct distillation gasolines are known to consist of stable hydrocarbons. They can be stored in gas storages without noticeable gumming. However, the use of such gasolines in internal combustion engines causes detonation, which contributes to its premature wear, reduced power, increased fuel consumption and incomplete combustion.

Modern requirements for motor gasolines significantly limit the possibility of improving the antiknock properties of fuels, since they prohibit the use of organometallic additives and limit the content of high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons in gasolines. All octane-enhancing additives present on the Russian market (Kaskad3, Kaskad4, BVD-premium) contain N-methylaniline (MMA), which does not allow, according to GOST P5 1105-97, to receive gasoline of the Regular-92 brand of ecological class 5 and GOST R5 1866-2002 premium-95 gasoline.

From 01.01.2016, MMA is prohibited in all brands of gasoline. In this regard, the development of an octane enhancing additive that does not contain MMA is relevant. Closest to the claimed technical solution is an additive to gasoline containing, wt.%: 16 - a mixture of toluidines, 1.5 - crotonic aldehyde, 2.0 - acetic aldehyde, 0.5 - Feroz (a derivative of dicyclopentadienyl iron), ethyl alcohol up to 100 (Patent RU 2161639 C1, publ. 10.01.2001, taken as a prototype).

However, this additive due to the content of the organometallic cannot be used to increase the octane number of gasoline.

The proposed additive is designed to create a synergistic composition that does not contain methylaniline, organometallic compounds and exhibits high antiknock activity, allowing the production of high-class gasolines. In the well-known patent of the Russian Federation 2161639 the mixture of toluidines (without indicating the percentage of isomers) and ethyl alcohol does not show a high antiknock effect, but only in the presence of an iron-containing additive Feroz and a concentration of 5 wt.%. The claimed technical solution indicates a strict ratio of meta- and ortho-toluidines to obtain the desired synergistic effect. The presence of isobutyl alcohol in the additive improves the solubility of borate and leads to a synergistic increase in the octane number.

The well-known patents RU 2355733 C1 (publ. 05/20/2009), RU 2355734 C1 (publ. 05/20/2009), RU 2355735 C1 (publ. 05/20/2009), RU 2400528 C1 (publ. 09/27/2010) condensation products of vegetable oils , diethanolamine and boric acid are used as anticorrosive, detergent additives for gasoline, as well as to reduce the pressure of saturated vapor of gasoline and the loss of gasoline from evaporation.

Despite the fact that the detonation resistance of gasoline and its volatility are closely related, however, an exact pattern of such an effect has not been identified. The use of these compounds to increase the octane number of gasoline or its resistance to detonation is unknown. In addition, in all the above patents, the resulting borates had amine numbers of 60-80 mg HCl / g and, when analyzed according to GOST 6307, give a positive reaction for the content of water-soluble alkalis, which is unacceptable when used in gasoline. In addition, the borates according to patents RU 2355733 and RU 2355734 have high rates of resin and sulfur. The authors of this application received borate according to patent RU 2400528. The resulting product had an amine number of 75 mg HCl / g and a positive reaction for water-soluble alkali. In the technical solution according to the present application, the amine number is reached not more than 30 mg HCl / g and gives a negative reaction to the content of water-soluble alkalis. This is an essential condition for obtaining a quality supplement.

The objective of the present invention is to develop additives to increase the octane number and the use of additives with high antiknock properties in a composition based on gasoline, the creation of a synergistic composition, as well as obtaining high-quality additives that do not contain organometallic additives and MMA, in which the borates used have an amine number of not more 30 mg HCl / g, which gives a negative reaction to the content of water-soluble alkalis, in contrast to the above known gasoline compositions.

To solve this problem, an octane-enhancing additive for gasoline based on toluidines and alcohol is proposed, which contains a synergistic composition of a mixture of meta- and ortho-toluidines, isobutyl alcohol and a condensation product of vegetable oil, diethanolamine and boric acid at a molar ratio of components of vegetable oil, diethanolamine and boric acid 0.75-1: 3: 0.5-1 in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Meta-toluidine - 49-54, ortho-toluidine - 24-27, isobutyl alcohol - 16-22, condensation product - 3- 5.

A gasoline based composition is also provided containing the above additive in an amount of 1-3 vol.%. The difference of the claimed technical solution is the content in the composition of the additive isobutanol and the condensation product of vegetable oil, diethanolamine, boric acid and the ratio of components.

The substances used in the additive are industrial products. Ortho- and meta-toluidines were used according to TU 6-09-2949-88 with a mass fraction of the main substance of at least 99%. Isobutyl alcohol - according to GOST 6016.

The proposed octane-enhancing additive is prepared by non-waste technology using standard equipment by mixing the components to obtain a homogeneous solution.

The following is used as vegetable oil: sunflower, soybean, linseed, olive, etc. A method for producing a condensation product is as follows: using an example of soybean oil, one mole of soybean oil and three moles are loaded into a reactor equipped with a water trap and a thermometer, a mechanical stirrer. diethanolamine. The reaction mass is heated with stirring to 100 and one mole of boric acid is added. The temperature is raised to 180 degrees and maintained until a product with an amine number of not more than 30 mg HCl / g and soluble in gasoline is obtained. To illustrate the claimed technical solution, 2 samples of the additive were prepared by mixing the components at room temperature with constant stirring (table 1). The prepared samples were tested in the composition of the fuel composition containing the proposed additive.

Sample No. 2 under the trade name "Octane-enhancing additive" R & T®Octane "is produced according to TU 0257-00663538901-2014.

The test results shown in Tables 2 and 3 show the high efficiency of the proposed octane-increasing additives and allow to obtain class 5 gasolines without MMA.

In addition, to illustrate this technical solution were also prepared samples of the proposed additives and additives containing borate according to patent RU 2400528, the composition of which is shown in table 4.

The functional and operational properties of the prepared samples are presented in table 5. The effect of the additive on the detonation resistance was evaluated according to ASTM D 2700-95 (GOST 511-82) at the UIT-85 installation by the increase in the octane number of the reference mixture “70 isooctane and n-heptane” taken in the ratio of 70:30 (by volume). The greater the increase in the octane number, the higher the antiknock properties of the additive.

For the tested samples, the increase is from 4.1 to 4.3 in comparison with the reference mixture (additive for comparison).

Sample No. 1 was tested in gasoline. Physico-chemical indicators are presented in table 6.

Claims (2)

1. Octane-increasing gasoline additive based on toluidines and alcohol, characterized in that it contains a synergistic composition of a mixture of meta- and ortho-toluidines, isobutyl alcohol and a condensation product of vegetable oil, diethanolamine and boric acid in a molar ratio of components of vegetable oil, diethanolamine and boric acid 0.75 - 1: 3: 0.5 - 1 and in the following ratio of components, mass. %: meta-toluidine - 49-54, ortho-toluidine - 24-27, isobutyl alcohol - 16-22, condensation product - 3-5. 2. A gasoline-based composition containing an octane enhancing additive, characterized in that it contains an additive according to claim 1 in an amount of 1-3 vol. %