RU2551566C1 - Smoked products manufacture installation with developed structure and inner smoke supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: installation contains a smoking chamber, a smoke generator, a system for smoke preparation and supplying, a condenser, a water ring pump and an ejector. The ejector passive nozzle is connected to the smoke generator via the smoke preparation system. The ejector mixing chamber is connected to the water ring pump via the recirculating pipe. In the smoking chamber one installs a header in the form of de Laval nozzle ensuring creation of a steam seal dividing the zones of the product supply into vacuum and the product smoking. A device (in the form of a co-extruder) for the product supplying into the smoking chamber is vertically positioned on the smoking chamber. The insert wherethrough an air-and-smoke mixture supply nipple is placed in the co-extruder base lower than the pumping screw in the central channel coaxially thereto. Additionally, a chamber with corona electrodes is installed in the air-and-smoke mixture supply system, the chamber inlet nipple connected to the ejector active nozzle. A dividing-and-packing device is installed directly after the de Laval header.

EFFECT: device increases the rate of smoking components sedimentation in the product pores, purifies smoke from cancerogenes and improves the ready product quality.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production, storage and processing of agricultural products, in particular to technical means for smoking food products.

Historically, food products have been smoked at atmospheric pressure for extended periods of time.

One of the ways to intensify the process of saturation with smoke aroma and improve diffusion processes is the use of increased or decreased (rarefaction) pressure, as well as their alternation, i.e. oscillating modes of processing food environments.

For example, when cooking meat under pressure, the aroma of smoke in the meat is more saturated, and also allows you to save moisture and ensure its softness [Davis Jr., Don M. (Austin, Texas), No. 08/114, 456 A23B 4/052; A23L 001/31; A23B 004/044, filed Aug 31, 93, A23B 4/044 (20060101)].

Known devices for conducting processes of smoking and cooking under pressure [Davis Jr., Don M. (Austin, Texas), No. 08/144, 456 A23B 4/052; A23L 001/31; A23B 004/044, filed Aug 31, 93, A23B 4/044 (20060101)]. Products are placed in a sealed enclosure. Wooden blocks or chips are placed on the heating element and then activated. As a result of heating the element, smoking smoke enters the housing and increases the pressure there. Smoke, filling the body, permeates the product contained inside. However, the device has the disadvantage that the temperature, pressure and concentration of smoke inside the housing depend on the thermal power of the heating element. As a result, only one of the three parameters inside the housing can be adjusted.

A device for smoking under pressure is known [US Patent No. 4,469.020 A47J 37/04. B. Hamilton, D. Hughes. Apparatus for smoking under pressure. Claim 06/28/1982, publ. September 4, 1984], in which it is possible to separately control the temperature, pressure and concentration of smoke inside the casing. An external smoke generator creates smoke, which is then pumped into the housing, thereby filling it with smoke and creating pressure. A pressure relief valve is provided to control the pressure inside the housing. Using a flame that heats the air in the pipe passing through the housing, you can control the temperature inside the housing without changing the concentration of smoke.

The disadvantage is the smoke delivery system. The first system requires that the compressor, receiving smoke from the furnace, compress it and deliver it to the housing. In a relatively short period of time, smoke particles contaminate the compressor and cause it to break. A second smoke delivery system involves filtering the smoke before it passes through the compressor. This system partially protects the compressor, but also separates the smoke from the air before it is delivered to the casing. The third system is based on the Venturi effect. It is inefficient and delivers little smoke.

An example of the use of oscillating modes is the implementation of the smoking process in a device for smoking food [A.s. USSR No. 1237148. Food Smoker A23B 4/04. No. 3672421, Decl. 07/11/1984, publ. 06/15/1986].

The combination of vacuum and smoking includes separate compartments for creating smoke, smoking products under pressure and smoking products in a partial vacuum. In the process, smoke is created in the furnace compartment, and products are placed for smoking in other compartments. The design of the device allows you to create pressure in the compartment with air and add smoke under pressure and smoke products contained in it. It is also possible to create a partial vacuum inside the smoking compartment, so that smoke from the furnace compartment then displaces the air in the smoking compartment. This design allows you to control the temperature, concentration of smoke and pressure inside the smoking compartment, using only the fire contained in the furnace as a source of smoke and heat. This invention relates to a device and method for smoking food, either under pressure or in a partial vacuum [US Patent No. 4,469,020 A47J 37/04. B. Hamilton, D. Hughes. Apparatus for smoking under pressure. Claim 06/28/1982, publ. 09/04/1984.].

Thus, there is a need for a smoking technique that operates at less than atmospheric pressure. In addition, there is a need for a technique that smokes products under pressure with separate controllers for temperature, pressure and smoke concentration and smoke that does not destroy the components of the device.

To achieve these goals, the apparatus serves [US Patent No. 4.469.020 A47J 37/04. B. Hamilton, D. Hughes. Apparatus for smoking under pressure. Claim 06/28/1982, publ. September 4, 1984], comprising a fire compartment, a smoking smoking compartment, a vacuum smoking compartment, pressurization separation means, smoke generating means, vacuum generating means and vacuum smoke transmitting means. The components of the device work to ensure that the smoke pressure in the smoking compartment is less than atmospheric pressure.

The firebox is designed for kindling and can be airtight or open for access inside. The pressurized smoking compartment and the vacuum smoking compartment can also be airtight or open for access inside.

During processing, the products are placed in the smoking compartments under pressure and vacuum, the compartments are sealed, a fire is ignited in the furnace. As soon as the fire reaches the desired level, the furnace is sealed, and then pressurizing the furnace controls the pressure inside. Under transmission pressure, smoke is controllably transferred to the inside of the smoking section under pressure. As soon as the process is completed, the smoking section is sealed under pressure and the firebox opens into the atmosphere, so that the fire continues to burn and give off heat. The process repeats over time.

To create an atmosphere of smoke in the smoking compartment, the air is removed from the inner compartment under vacuum to create a partial vacuum, smoke from the furnace is controlled in a controlled manner. After the smoke-filled compartment is filled with smoke, the smoke transfer stops and the pressure in the compartment decreases to the desired level. This process is also often repeated.

The furnace is in direct connection with the thermal pressure and vacuum of the smoking compartments so that the temperature in the compartments is regulated by regulating the fire. Thus, the temperature, pressure and concentration of smoke within the smoking compartments can be carried out using one source of heat and smoke - fire in the furnace.

In order to improve the quality of the processed product by more fully saturating the product with smoke as a result of creating a vacuum behind the blades during mixing and smoking of the product in the form of minced meat, a device for smoking products was proposed [A. USSR No. 786961. IPC A23B 4/04. Device for smoking products [Text] / applicant and patent holder: G.V. Zhirov, V.P. Jumps. - No. 2730010/28, declared 02/23/79, publ. 12.15.80], in which the shaft and blades are made hollow and interconnected for smoke passes, while the blades from the rear along the side of the movement are made open, and the blades in cross section have the shape of a triangle, the apex of which is directed towards rotation, and the device is equipped screw pump for continuous product supply.

In this device, when the blades rotate clockwise at a speed of 500 ... 700 min ^-1 behind the blades, a vacuum is created behind the blades, as a result of which smoke from the chamber through the hollow shaft and hollow blades is sucked into the thickness of the mixed meat. As a result of mixing the minced meat during smoking, it is crushed to a pasty state by the leading edges of the blades and saturated with smoke, resulting in a mass for preparing canned food like “sprat paste”.

A known device for smoking products, consisting of a chamber, a mixer with blades fixed on the shaft, nozzles for supplying and discharging the processed product [A.S. USSR No. 786961. IPC A23B 4/04 Device for smoking products [Text] / applicant and patent holder: G.V. Zhirov, V.P. Jumps. - No. 2730010/28, declared 02/23/79, publ. 12/15/80]. In this device, a vacuum pump is used to create a smoke stream. However, this installation is a periodic operation due to the cyclic loading and unloading of the product from the cutter, and the smoke penetrates the product only superficially, and the inner layers are only partially smoked.

The known method [Pat. RF №2173522. IPC A23B 4/044 Food smoking method / applicant and patentee: A. Gorlatov - No. 200103598/13, application .: 02.14.2000, publ. September 20, 2001], which includes the drying process and the actual smoking of the product in smoke vapor. Drying is carried out by cooling and freezing moisture in vacuum without an external supply of heat to a temperature of from -8 to -10 ° C and a moisture content of not more than 60%. Cooling and freezing of the product is carried out by a continuous increase in vacuum from a pressure of 1.01105 to a pressure of 320260 Pa. Actually, smoking is carried out in smoke vapor provided directly in the smoking chamber in a vacuum by feeding preheated liquid into the chamber, the process being carried out with a gradual decrease in vacuum from the vapor pressure at a temperature of 0 ... 5 ° C to a pressure at a temperature of not more than 50 ° C. The vacuum corresponding to the upper limit of the residual pressure range of the actual smoking is maintained, bringing the temperature of the product to 30 ... 35 ° C.

Exposure to a sufficient amount of heat accelerates the diffusion process of smoking components from the surface layers to the underlying ones, as a result, the product is impregnated with smoke vapor. The development of the porosity of the product during the drying process, the generation of steam in a vacuum from the smoked liquid heated outside the working chamber, the use of the heat of vaporization during the actual smoking of the market and the presence of a temperature difference between the smoked liquid vapor and the processed product contribute to the improvement of the smoking process efficiency and the quality of the finished product. However, this method is applicable only for products with low porosity.

Thus, the known methods for implementing the process of obtaining cold smoked food products, including mandatory technological operations: drying the product and smoking, have common disadvantages, which are that the existing methods of pre-drying the product before smoking (clean running air, blowing during vacuum , using infrared rays) as well as drying combined with the smoking process, are not effective enough. The implemented drying methods have only a limited effect on the activation of the process of sorption of smoking components by the surface of the product. Such drying does little to facilitate the penetration of smoke medium components from the surface to the inner layers of the processed product, since the porosity of the latter does not increase. The applied drying practically does not exclude and does not significantly reduce the disadvantages characteristic of the operation of actual smoking, therefore they occur with all methods of smoking, including smokeless smoking of the product in smoke vapor.

The insufficient porosity of the surface and subsequent inner layers of the product and, accordingly, large hydraulic resistance to the movement of the smoking agent (steam) in the final result do not contribute to a reduction in the duration of the smoking process and an improvement in the quality of the finished product. To provide intensive methods for targeted supply of smoke components to the surface of the processed product, it is necessary to obtain an adjustable smoke-air smoke environment with a given composition.

From the scientific literature [M.V. Shalak et al. “Technology for processing fish products ″ Minsk, ″ Design Pro ″ 2001] it is known that when smoked, smoke is deposited on the surface of the product under the influence of the temperature difference between the smoke and the product, Brownian motion and the action of electric forces. In this case, condensation of water vapor and other volatile substances on the surface of the fish occurs. Electro-smoking is based on electrostatic deposition of smoke on the surface of fish.

The high-voltage electric current supplied to the smoking apparatus ionizes the gases of the dispersion medium, charges and transfers the particles of the dispersed phase, which, under the influence of a large potential difference, acquire directional motion and are deposited at high speed on the surface of the product with the opposite potential.

The IZHITSA-1200 unit is known, in which the electric potential supplied to skewers with a product accelerates the deposition of smoke substances from smoke by 50-100 times, due to which the cold smoking process is reduced to 1-2 hours, while the mechanical friction smoke generator provides a high-quality camera smoke without carcinogens, and the water filter makes additional smoke purification from macromolecular compounds. ″

In most known smoking devices, attention is paid only to the last parameter - this is the use of additional effects that increase the intensity of smoke penetration into the product - this is the use of electric potentials.

In existing analogs, the following technological tasks require the development of techniques and means to achieve them.

- The consumption of combustible material should be minimal and strictly regulated.

- The system must be operable when using filters that create aerodynamic drag in the range of at least 0.1-0.2 atm.

- The quality of the smoke (coefficient of excess air) must be regulated.

- The density of the smoke and its speed of movement should be maximum due to internal smoke recirculation.

- When smoking, the product is bound with a material, which impairs the penetration of smoke into the product; therefore, it is necessary to use an additional effect due to the creation of a variable vacuum and pressure in the smoking chamber, which also additionally improves the diffusion of the product.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a vacuum smoking unit [US Pat. RF №2381656. IPC A23B 4/044 Smoke vacuum unit / applicant and patent holder: Suleymanov R.Z. and Suleymanov Sh.R. - No. 2006101664/13, application .: 01/20/2006, publ. 02/20/2010], which includes a sealed smoke generator with an oil pump installation, a smoke preparation and supply system, a liquid ring pump, an ejector, and a smoking chamber. In this case, the passive nozzle of the ejector is connected to a sealed smoke generator through a smoke preparation system. The active nozzle of the ejector is connected via a pipeline to one of the smoke preparation and supply elements, a storage condenser, which accumulates under excessive pressure and cools the smoke generated in a sealed smoke generator and passes sequentially through the smoke preparation and supply system, a passive nozzle, and an ejector mixing chamber, in which smoke from the smoke generator is mixed with recirculating smoke, a smoking chamber, a water ring pump, a storage condenser, and again part of the smoke is fed into the active However, to use recirculating smoke as an active gas, due to which the vacuum created in the smoke generator is increased. Another part of the smoke is disposed of. The gas cavity of the storage condenser is interconnected through the control valve with a passive nozzle, which allows you to connect the gas cavity of the storage capacitor through the ejector to the smoking chamber, making it possible to supply smoke to the smoking chamber in an amount exceeding the volumetric capacity of the liquid ring pump, providing an increase in smoke pressure in the smoking chamber, In this case, the smoke rushes into the cavities and pores of the product evacuated in the previous phase of the process. To maintain the balance of the incoming air into the combustion zone when smoke is supplied to the smoking chamber through the control valve, the air supply system blocks the access of air to the combustion zone.

The disadvantages are the low rate of directional deposition of smoking components on the inner surfaces of the pores of the product, as well as the inability to provide continuous combined process of creating a product with a developed structure and smoking process and the lack of cleaning smoke from carcinogenic components.

An object of the invention is to develop a plant for producing smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply, which allows to increase the rate of directional deposition of smoking components on the inner surfaces of the product pores, to ensure the continuity of the combined process of creating a product with a developed structure and smoking process, and to clean smoke from carcinogenic components, improve product quality through deeper penetration of smoke components ents of smoke, purified from concertogenous substances in the pores of the product.

The technical problem of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the installation for receiving smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply containing a smoke chamber, smoke generator, smoke preparation and supply system, condenser, liquid ring pump and ejector, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the smoke generator through the smoke preparation system and the mixing chamber of the ejector is connected by a recirculation pipe to a liquid ring pump, the new one is that a nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle is installed in the smoking chamber, In order to create a steam shutter separating the product feeding zones into the vacuum and smoking, the device for feeding the product into the smoking chamber in the form of a co-extruder is vertically located on the smoking chamber, at the base of the co-extruder, an insert is placed coaxially with the insert through which the smoke and air supply pipe passes mixture, in the supply system of the smoke-air mixture an additional chamber is installed with corona electrodes, the inlet of which is connected to the active nozzle of the ejector, directly An optional packing unit was installed behind the Laval nozzle.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the rate of directional deposition of smoke components on the inner surfaces of the pores of the product, the continuity of the combined process of creating a product with a developed structure and smoking process, and to clean the smoke mixture from carcinogenic components, to improve the quality of the product due to the deeper penetration of smoke components smoke purified from carcinogens into the pores of the product.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the installation for producing smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply.

Installation for receiving smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply contains a smoking chamber 1, a smoke preparation and supply system including a smoke generator 2, a filter 3 and a membrane apparatus 4 with an air heater 5. The installation also has a condenser 6, pumps 7 and 8, an ejector 9, the passive nozzle 10 of which is connected to the smoke generator 2 through the filter 3 of the smoke preparation system.

The mixing chamber 11 of the ejector 9 is connected by a recirculating pipe 12 to the pump 7.

A co-extruder 13 is vertically located on the smoking chamber 1 for feeding product into it with a central channel 14, where the injection screw 15 is coaxially mounted for rotation from a drive (not shown) and a smoke-air mixture supply system is connected.

At the same time, below the injection screw 15 located in the central channel 14, an insert 16 and a pipe 17 for supplying a flue-air mixture passing through it are placed coaxially with it.

In this case, the Central channel 14, limited by the housing of the co-extruder 13 and the insert 16, forms an output annular hole.

Moreover, the pipe 17 of the co-extruder 13 for supplying a smoke-air mixture is connected to the outlet pipe 21 of the chamber 18 provided with corona electrodes 19, and the inlet pipe 20 of the chamber 18 is connected to the discharge nozzle 22 of the ejector 9.

A device for supplying the initial product to the smoking chamber in the form of a co-extruder 13 is vertically located on the smoking chamber 1, and a nozzle 23 in the form of a Laval nozzle is installed in the smoking chamber, providing a steam shutter separating the feeding zones of the product into the vacuum and smoking, and the pipe 17 of the co-extruder 13 is connected with a chamber 18 provided with corona electrodes 19, and its inlet pipe 20 is connected to the active nozzle 22 of the ejector 9, while after the nozzle 23 in the form of a Laval in the lower part of the smoking chamber 1 is installed divides packing and packaging device 24, which has a lock gate for unloading the finished product.

In this case, the smoke generator 2 (Fig. 2) for receiving smoke and steam consists of a housing 25, a dispenser 26, nozzles 27, 28, respectively, for supplying a gas-air mixture enriched with nitrogen, and removing smoke, an air duct 29 for removing the moist air mixture, pipe 30 water supply to prevent ignition of sawdust, pipe 31 for removing ash from the unloading chamber 34, loading motionless 32 and motionless 33, as well as discharge flanges 35 of smoke generator 2. Moreover, there are labyrinths between moving and stationary parts of the installation flickering 36. The housing 25 of the smoke generator 2 has a heat insulation 37, channel nozzles 38 of a wireless type for supplying air to the sawdust layer, the level of which is used by the telescopic nozzle 39, support rollers 40, the gear wheel 41 of the drive (not shown) of the smoke generator 2, pipe 42, installed along the axis of the housing 25, and the locking shutter 43 without a segment, with the formation of holes for the unhindered movement of sawdust from the heating and drying zone to the dry distillation zone of sawdust. In the housing there are nozzles 44 for supplying water, designed to prevent ignition of sawdust, washing the housing 25 from the remnants of dry distillation. Around the central pipe 39 in the discharge flange 33 of the smoke generator 2 there is a coaxial hole 45, for controlling the flow cross section of which a damper in the form of a diaphragm 46 is installed. The diaphragm 46 is made in the form of a fixed and rotating ring and a set of C-shaped plates 47 located in the socket of the fixed ring. The plates have pins 48 at the ends of different sides, one of which is mounted in a hole made in a fixed ring, and the other in a radial groove made in a rotating ring. The outer side of the ring is in the form of a bevel gear 49 engaged with a bevel gear 50, the shaft 51 of which, through a device 52 located on the roof of the discharge chamber 34, is brought out and provided with a handle 53 or a drive (not shown). The device 52 is installed with the possibility of reciprocating motion to withdraw the bevel gear 50 from engagement with the bevel gear 49.

To remove smoke and ash from the smoke generator 2 in the discharge flange 33 (Fig. 2) there are peripheral holes 54 provided with spring-loaded valves 55, as well as a device 56 for opening them.

As an inductor, the installation uses tires 57 and 58, made in the form of sectors, enveloping the central pipe 42 and the housing 25 of the smoke generator 2 from the outside, in the area corresponding to the location of sawdust 59 with heating elements 60 at an angle of repose.

In this case, the heating elements 60 are made in the form of cylindrical ferromagnetic rods. The rods can be made solid of metals with good thermal conductivity (copper, brass, aluminum, duralumin). The purpose of the rods is the transfer of heat from the pyrolysis zone of sawdust to other areas: heating and drying of sawdust.

The most intense heat transfer through the rods is achieved if heat pipes are used instead of rods. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the heat pipe is very high, so the temperature change along the pipe length is insignificant.

In the rear part of the housing 25 of the smoke generator 2 there is an ash removal zone formed by placing a perforated cylinder 61 adjacent to the channel nozzles 38. Moreover, the perforation holes of the cylinder 61 are smaller than the characteristic particle size of the sawdust, which makes it possible to efficiently provide smoke generation and remove pyrolysis decay products ( ash).

Installation for receiving smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply works as follows.

First, nitrogen is generated, which is obtained by baromembrane separation of air on semipermeable membranes (for example, cermet) of an inert gas generator 3 under a pressure of 0.5-4 MPa, using a compressor built into the air heater 5, where it is heated to intensify the separation of air into membranes and in order to effectively remove moisture from sawdust in the area of their heating and drying.

After the inert gas generator of membrane type 4, the nitrogen-enriched air mixture is fed into the channel nozzles 38 of the drum smoke generator 2. At the same time, wood sawdust, for example, with a moisture content of 20-25%, is loaded through a metering device 26 of a locking type into the body of the smoke generator 2. Turn on the pump 7 and the condenser 6, and after filling the drying zone with sawdust, they are heated to a drying temperature, for example, 180-190 ° C with intensive filtration with an air mixture enriched with nitrogen supplied through channel nozzles 38. Increased air content This mixture of nitrogen allows one to intensify the process of dehydration of sawdust due to the formation of associated groups of moisture and nitrogen molecules, where gas molecules act as a carrier of vapor molecules from the evaporation surface into the space free of sawdust of the smoke generator body 2, and also “bombard” the product, weakening the forces of interaction between molecules in places of contact. The pressure in the places of collisions is higher than the ambient pressure, and the higher the evaporation rate, the higher the pressure difference at the interface and in the medium, while the total pressure of the medium increases, therefore, the value of convective heat and mass transfer increases. In this case, the moisture removed from the sawdust is discharged from the smoke generator body by means of a central pipe 42.

Moving due to the rotation of the body of the smoke generator 2 through a segmented hole from the drying zone to the dry distillation zone, the sawdust is heated by heating elements 60 in the form of cylindrical ferromagnetic rods to a smoldering temperature, for example, 290-300 ° C. The heating rods are carried out as a result of the generation of heat in them (according to the Joule-Lenz law) as a result of inducing eddy currents from the intense electromagnetic radiation of the buses and the inductor by inducing powerful high-frequency currents in it using a special generator (not shown).

In this zone, under conditions of limited access of oxygen, provided on the one hand by a reduced content of it in the air mixture by removing it in an inert gas generator of membrane type 4, and on the other hand by a shutter damper 43, smoke is formed as a result of dry distillation of sawdust with constant joint mixing sawdust and cylindrical ferromagnetic rods. The resulting smoke is removed through the peripheral (when they are in the upper position) holes, and the resulting ash is unloaded into the discharge hopper first through the perforation of the cylinder 61, and then through the peripheral holes 54 (when they are in the lower position), which open as a result of the action devices 56.

When smoke is generated, the coaxial hole 45 is closed by the diaphragm 46 and opens only if the predetermined process parameters are adjusted. In this case, the smoke from the housing in the discharge chamber 34 sharply loses its speed, which allows you to separate part of the particles of dry distillation carried away with them, which are then removed from the discharge chamber of the smoke generator 2.

From the smoke generator 2, smoke is sucked out through a filter 3, in which it is simultaneously cooled and cleaned of carcinogenic components by a pump 8 and is pumped into the ejector 9 under pressure in the range 0.12-0.13 atm, passes through the passive nozzle 10 of the ejector 9 at high speed and is injected into the smoking chamber 1 through the chamber 18 provided with corona electrodes 19. In the chamber 18, smoke passing through the gaps between the corona electrodes 19 is intensely ionized by the electrostatic field.

In the smoking chamber 1 using a pump 7, a vacuum of 0.06-0.05 atm is maintained. Using the injection screw 15, the initial product is fed through the central channel 14 to the peripheral coaxial channel, in which, under the influence of the turns of the screw 15, it moves to the output annular hole formed by the extruder body 13 and insert 16, when the initial product enters the coaxial peripheral channel and the output through an annular opening into the vacuum space of the smoking chamber 1 of the product, moisture begins to evaporate intensively from it, its dehydration is rapid and highly porous truktura dried up to form the tubular frame. At the same time, the smoke under pressure in the chamber 18 is fed through the nozzles 21 and 17 into the inner cavity of the product’s tubular frame, intensively fills the vacuum cavities and pores in the product intended for smoking, thereby achieving the effect of directional smoke movement when using electric potentials together. Due to electrostatics, smoke components of smoke are deposited on the surface of the pores of the product, and due to vacuum, they are filtered through the product, which ensures their uniform distribution over the thickness of the product and intensive smoking. Upon reaching the tubular dried frame of the narrow part of the Laval 23 nozzle, a highly developed uniformly distributed porous structure is finally formed. The formed product bundle is transported to the packaging unit 24 and discharged from the installation by means of a lock gate. Exhaust smoke passing through the product frame is separated from moisture removed from the product when its porous structure is formed using a condenser 6, and moves through a recirculation pipe 12 into the passive nozzle 10 of the ejector 9 for reuse in the smoking process.

The proposed installation has the following advantages: the location in the smoking chamber around the outlet, a vertically located device for feeding the product into the smoking chamber in the form of a co-extruder, a nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle, provides a steam shutter that separates the zones for feeding the product into vacuum and smoking, which contributes to uniform and the qualitative formation of the porous structure of the extrudate; the connection of the central nozzle of the co-extruder with a chamber equipped with corona electrodes, and its inlet nozzle is connected to the active nozzle of the ejector, allows for high-quality preparation of the smoke-air mixture and intensifies the process of deposition of smoke components on the product in an electrostatic field using vacuum; the installation of a fission-packaging device directly behind the nozzle at the bottom of the smoking chamber allows you to pack the finished product in a vacuum environment that contributes to its long-term storage.

The proposed installation for receiving smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply allows you to:

- to provide high-quality preparation of the smoke-air mixture;

- to intensify the smoking process due to the deposition of smoke components on the product in an electrostatic field using vacuum;

- increase the duration of storage of finished products;

- clean the smoke mixture of carcinogenic components;

- increase the rate of directional deposition of smoke components on the inner surfaces of the pores of the product;

- to ensure the continuity of the combined process of creating a product with a developed structure.

Claims (1)

Installation for receiving smoked products with a developed structure and internal smoke supply, containing a smoking chamber, smoke generator, smoke preparation and supply system, condenser, water ring pump and ejector, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the smoke generator through the smoke preparation system, and the ejector mixing chamber is connected by a recirculation pipe with a liquid ring pump, characterized in that a nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle is installed in the smoking chamber, which ensures the creation of a steam lock separating the zones Once the product has been introduced into vacuum and smoked, the device for feeding the product into the smoking chamber in the form of a co-extruder is vertically located on the smoking chamber; at the base of the co-extruder, an insert, through which the pipe for supplying the smoke-air mixture passes, is placed coaxially with the insert in the central channel additionally installed a chamber with corona electrodes, the inlet of which is connected to the active nozzle of the ejector, immediately after the Laval nozzle, a dividing-packing full-time device.

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