RU2551090C2 - Device of active, rapid and safe for operator capturing females of mosquitoes infected with agents of dangerous and especially dangerous infections - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of catching insects. The claimed device is designed for active, rapid, safe for the operator capturing female mosquitoes infected with agents of infections. The device comprises the means of simulation of thermal radiation of a human, the means of simulation of human breathing, the vacuum gripper, and the gauze trap. The means of simulation of thermal radiation provides the radiation in the infrared region with the temperature of 35-40°C and a capacity of 40-80 W. The means of simulation of breathing emits carbon dioxide to the surrounding space with the volume of 20-30 ml 15-20 times per minute. The vacuum gripper sucks from 1 to 10 species of female mosquitoes into the gauze trap.

EFFECT: possibility of safe capturing the required number of female mosquitoes is provided while maintaining the viability of agents contained in them.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for the active capture of flying insects and can be used by specialists of epidemiological surveillance (Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation) or sanitary-epidemiological institutions of the RF Armed Forces for the express safe capture of female mosquitoes infected with pathogens of dangerous and especially dangerous infections, both in natural conditions and in enclosed spaces (rooms) , ship holds, aircraft cabins, etc.). It provides attraction and express (within an hour) capture of at least 50 viable female mosquitoes necessary to identify the causative agent located in them when the operator uses for his own safety personal protective equipment of insulating skin or repellents.

Currently, mosquitoes, widely distributed in all regions of the world, can be carriers of pathogens of many infectious and parasitic diseases of humans and animals, such as: malaria, hemorrhagic fevers, some encephalitis, etc. [1].

Bites of infected female mosquitoes (only females feed on blood) can lead to the disease of bitten ones, as well as epidemics. The appearance of dangerous and especially dangerous female mosquito infections infected with pathogens in the Russian Federation is possible when: transporting people and goods by sea, air, rail from areas endemic for these diseases, bioterrorist actions, sabotage, dispersal of entomological bombs during biological warfare.

Identifying the source of vector-borne infection is the first and very important stage of anti-epidemic measures carried out by specialists of epidemiological surveillance (Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation) or sanitary-epidemiological institutions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Next, the identification of the type of pathogen. For this, it is necessary, in a safe mode for the operator, to catch at least 50 female mosquitoes [2], deliver them to the sanitary-epidemiological laboratory and ensure the viability of the pathogen in a fairly short time (the faster, the better). This task can be performed in a short time only with the use of active trapping means intended for these purposes.

When catching female mosquitoes, several different factors must be taken into account, such as: behavioral characteristics of female mosquitoes caused by irritants; process duration; the number of caught individuals; pathogen viability; operator safety.

Among the irritants that attract female mosquitoes, the infrared radiation of warm-blooded and carbon dioxide released during breathing are of the greatest importance. It is these stimuli that are appropriate to imitate in the device for the active capture of female mosquitoes.

There are many devices for active catching mosquitoes, such as: exhausters, purse traps, entomological nets, moving and rotational traps, static light traps; photothermal traps; cage light traps; conical light traps with ultraviolet or infrared radiation with exposure to distant mosquito chemoreceptors [3-5]. The disadvantages of all these devices: in the process of attracting and trapping is not ensured the viability of the pathogen; In addition to females, male mosquitoes are also caught, not only mosquitoes are attracted, but also a number of other insects (moths, butterflies, etc.); the expressness of capture is not ensured, the likelihood of an operator bite, and therefore its infection, is high.

The closest prototypes to the claimed device are: a method of biological protection against blood-sucking flying insects and a device for its implementation (patent No. 2417588) [6]; autonomous trap-complex for ticks and mosquitoes for open and closed landscapes (patent No. 2459409) [7]; trap for flying insects (patent No. 2093026) [8]. However, the listed devices, as well as the previously mentioned ones, do not provide differentiated trapping of female mosquitoes, preservation of the viability of the pathogen and cannot be used because of the danger of infection of the operator.

The objective of the invention was the design of a device with which it is possible to expressly (no more than 1 hour) and safe for the operator to catch at least 50 female mosquitoes while maintaining the viability of the pathogens located in them.

We propose a variant of the device for the active capture of female mosquitoes. The appearance of the device is shown in figure 1. The device consists of: means for simulating human thermal (IR) radiation - 1; vacuum capture - 2; means of simulating human breathing - 3.

The appearance of a tool that simulates human infrared radiation is presented in Fig. 2. A human thermal (IR) radiation simulator consists of: cable - 4, housing - 5, IR light filter - 6, cooling radiators - 7, thermistors - 8 and connector power supply - 9.

The source of radiation in the product is four incandescent lamps (214IV-06 series). Incandescent lamps provide a continuous spectrum of radiation in the visible and infrared region. In this case, the first, main, steam maintains a temperature of 35-40 ° C (simulating human thermal radiation), and the second, auxiliary, provides a reduction in the duration of heating at ambient temperature from 10 to 30 ° C. The power of incandescent lamps (40-80 W) corresponds to the power of thermal radiation of the "average person" (man, 30 years old, weighing 70 kg). To check the operability of incandescent lamps, there is an inspection hole.

To isolate infrared radiation, a light filter (OU3GA2M) is used, which cuts off the wavelengths of the visible region of the spectrum.

To regulate the temperature of the filter within 35-40 ° C in the tool there are two thermostabilizers assembled on the basis of the LM555 microcircuit (Fig. 3) [9]. In this case, the main thermal stabilizer - (I) ensures the maintenance of the set temperature of the filter (35-40 ° C), and the auxiliary - (II) provides the initial heating of the IR filter. The warm-up time is no more than 16 minutes in ambient temperature conditions from plus 10 to plus 30 ° C.

Uniform heating of the IR filter provides a cooler (CPU COOLER series).

The thermal stabilizer board, cooler, incandescent lamps and a light filter with two glass thermistors R1 and R2 (see FIG. 3) are placed in a wooden pine case with the following dimensions: 270 × 240 × 85 mm.

In order to cool the thermistabilizers transistors, they are placed in radiators and fixed on the outside of the means body (see Fig. 2).

An automobile battery or a single-phase alternating current network with a converter is used as a power source for the product. The supply voltage is 12 V DC.

The tool provides a simulation of human infrared radiation by heat radiation into the environment from a filter with a temperature of 35-40 ° C for at least 6 hours with a time to reach the operating mode of no more than 16 minutes at an ambient temperature of 10 to 30 ° C.

The tool for simulating human breathing consists of: an inlet solenoid valve - 10, a carbon dioxide gas reducer - 11, a gas receiver - 12, an electronic regulator - 13, a switch for electronic regulator of the volume of emitted carbon dioxide, a switch for electronic regulator of the number of acts - 15, an exhaust solenoid valve - 16 , connecting wire of the time relay and electromagnetic valves - 17, containers (cylinders) for transportation and storage of carbon dioxide - 18. Appearance of a device that simulates the respiration of people the sheep shown in FIG. 4.

A three-liter capacity (cylinder) is intended for transportation, storage of carbon dioxide and the provision of carbon dioxide.

To reduce the overpressure in the cylinder, a BKO-50-2 carbon dioxide gas reducer designed for high pressure (100-150 ati) is used. It allows you to reduce pressure, as well as stably hold it at the outlet of the product.

The dispenser portioned (20-30 ml) emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and provides 15-20 acts of gas release per minute, which simulates the breathing of the "average person". It includes: inlet and outlet solenoid valves of the KL-74 type, operating under the control of an electronic regulator, and a gas receiver with a volume of about one liter, which ensures uniform portioned flow of gas into the atmosphere through a silicone tube worn on the outlet valve fitting.

The electronic controller is a time relay assembled on an LM555 series microcircuit (see Fig. 5) and a current amplification unit and a relay unit added to the circuit. It allows you to control the opening of the solenoid valves both in the number of times for a certain time and in duration. The rotation of the variable resistors R2 and R3 sets the amount of emitted gas and the number of emission acts per minute.

The same vehicle battery or a single-phase alternating current network with a converter is used as the power source of the product. The supply voltage is 12 V DC.

The tool provides an imitation of human respiration by dosing carbon dioxide into the environment for at least 6 hours with a time to reach the operating mode of no more than 2 minutes.

Vacuum capture of mosquitoes consists of: a blower; gauze traps on a wire frame; engine speed regulator; power connector; power cable; power cable connector. The appearance of the vacuum capture of mosquitoes is presented in figure 1.

The main part of the vacuum grip is the blower of a car vacuum cleaner.

A gauze trap - 4 on a wire frame - 20 allows you to keep captured mosquitoes in your inner space, and an elongated entrance to the trap - 19 with a sewn-in locking braid - 21 ensures that it is closed when the trap is removed (see Fig. 6).

The engine speed regulator allows the capture to work in two modes: the first is the forced activation of the electric motor with the ability to control the number of revolutions at the beginning of capture, the second is intermittent, turning the blower on and off for 2-3 seconds as the trap is filled and preventing compression of individuals in the gauze trap while limiting the relative freedom of their movement. To ensure the operation of the capture in these modes, a multivibrator with separate capacitor charge-discharge circuits - (III) and an electric motor speed control unit - (IV) are added to the electric circuit of the car vacuum cleaner (see Fig. 7).

Vacuum capture ensures the absorption of 1 to 10 attracted female mosquitoes from a gauze cloth placed on an infrared filter to simulate the thermal radiation of humans and animals from a distance of 5-7 cm.

The capture vehicle uses the same car battery or a single-phase alternating current mains with a converter. The supply voltage is 12 V DC.

The procedure for using the device is as follows. The operator puts on personal protective equipment (OZK - a combined-arms protective kit) or uses repellents to ensure his safety, selects a place for trapping, connects the device to a power source, launches a tool for simulating human breathing, places a gauze cloth on the IR filter and waits for the arrival of female mosquitoes. When female mosquitoes are planted on a napkin, it includes a vacuum grip and sucks insects from a distance of about 5-7 cm.

This device was tested from May to September. Female mosquitoes in a gauze trap during mobilization (about 30 min) remained motile, that is, remained alive. After catching, the mosquito trap was placed in a cooler bag at a temperature of 2-6 ° C. Under such conditions, mosquitoes remained motile for at least 12 hours. Consequently, pathogens of infectious diseases remain alive. The number of trapped individuals in each experiment ranged from 90 to 140. The number of experiments was 33.

Literature

1. Beklemishev, V.N. The circle of natural carriers of vector-borne diseases affecting humans [Text] / V.N. Beklemishev // Zool. journal - 1955. - T.34, No. 1. - p. 3-16.

2. MU 3.1.1027-01. Collection, registration and preparation for laboratory research of blood-sucking arthropods - carriers of pathogens of natural focal infections [Text]: Methodical instructions. - M., 2001 .-- 251 p.

3. Tsurikov, M.S. Classification of methods for catching bugs and other invertebrates. Overview, The Galichya Gora Reserve, Voronezh State University - 2003. [Electronic resource] / M.S. Tsurikov. - http://www.zin.ru

4. Tsurikov, M.N. Environmental-saving methods for the study of invertebrate animals in Russian reserves: Proceedings of the Association of Protected Areas of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia [Text] / M.N. Tsurikov, S.N. Tsurikov. - Issue 4 - Tula: 2001 .-- 130 s.

5. Smelters H.H. Collection and manufacture of zoological collections [Text] / N.N. Smelters. - M.: Goskultprosvetizdat, 1952. - 140 p.

6. Lighter, A.M. A method of biological protection against bloodsucking flying insects and a device for its implementation [Text] / A.M. Lighter, K.E. Glushkova, E.V. Lubyanova, A.A. Vetrova. - Pat. 2417588 of the Russian Federation, A01M 1/02: stated on 05.27.2009: publ. 05/10/2011. - Russia. - No. 2417588.

7. Etin, V.Ya. Autonomous trap-complex for ticks and mosquitoes for open and closed landscapes [Text] / V.Ya. Etin. - Pat. 2459409 of the Russian Federation, A01M 1/02: announced on 08/10/2010: publ. 08/27/2012. - Russia. - No. 2459409.

8. Gilev, V.I. Trap for flying insects [Text] / V.I. Gilev, B.S. Tovbin, A.M. Shirobokov. - Pat. 2093026 of the Russian Federation, A01M 1/02: declared on 12/29/1994: publ. 10.20.1997. - Russia. - No. 2093026.

9. Shelestov, I.P. Hams [Text] / I.P. Shelestov. - Issue 5. - M.: Radio and Communications, 2002. - 234 p.

Claims (1)

A device for active, express, operator-friendly capture of female mosquitoes infected with pathogens of dangerous and especially dangerous infections both in natural conditions and in confined spaces, characterized in that it includes a means of simulating human thermal radiation that emits into the surrounding space in the infrared region with a temperature of 35-40 ° C and a power of 40-80 W, a means of simulating human respiration, emitting 20-30 ml portions of carbon dioxide into the surrounding space 15-20 times per minute, a vacuum grip that provides suction from 1 to 10 individuals attracted female mosquitoes to a gauze trap and their temporary content there, while maintaining the viability of the pathogen.

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