RU2546422C1 - Method of evacuation of categories of citizens with limited mobility from low-level buildings of social protection of population - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention is based on the use of special fold-out wall sections of the building to form evacuation descents from the building. The sections are folded-out by individual drives of the automatic control system on preliminary prepared stationary earthen cushions comparable in height to the level of the surrounding earth surface, and the command to their folding-out is issued automatically when exceeding the level of smoke above the determined.

EFFECT: development of a method of rapid evacuation of categories of citizens with limited mobility from low-level buildings without waiting for arrival of rescue workers, and with simplified access of fire-fighters to the burning building.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire safety and is intended for the rapid evacuation of citizens from low-rise (up to two floors) buildings in case of fires and other emergency situations. It is advisable to use the invention in medical and social institutions with the presence of people with limited mobility.

Fires in the residential sector and public buildings cause significant material damage, lead to injury and death. Especially dangerous are fires in buildings where categories of citizens with limited mobility are located: in neurological dispensaries, nursing homes, medical hospitals for various purposes, etc. The main cause of death in this case is the impossibility of their rapid evacuation from the fire zone.

There are various ways of evacuating people from buildings, involving the use of various technical rescue devices: sleeve rescue devices, rope-descent devices, mounted rescue ladders, rescue ramps (gutters), pneumatic rescue mats, tension rescue canvases [1] and their improved analogues: mobile a complex for evacuating people from buildings [2], a mobile gangway [3], a ladder with equipment for evacuating people [4], a lift for emergency evacuation [5], a cassette roystva emergency evacuation [6]. The methods involve carrying out the evacuation of people only through the existing openings of the building - windows, doors, flights of stairs, are difficult to use for people with limited mobility and impossible to use with fire-escape routes. The implementation of fire safety requirements in buildings intended for social protection of the population, however, does not provide the opportunity to evacuate this category of citizens at specified time intervals.

Known window opening for evacuation [7], with the sash, turning outward to a horizontal position, and cables that hold them in a horizontal position, as well as fastening devices for vertical evacuation of people from the sash placed on the sash. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to use it for the evacuation of people with limited mobility.

A device is known for evacuating people with limited physical abilities by stairs [8], which involves the use of a wheeled vehicle for this purpose, moving along a ramp from the top to the bottom of the flight of stairs. The disadvantage of this device is associated with the need to transport people with disabilities to the stairs equipped with the device, and the inability to use the device simultaneously by several evacuated people.

An analysis of the prior art did not reveal the closest analogue, however, a “prototype” method is known for increasing the explosion safety of buildings by using easy-to-reset wall panels [9], when a certain part of the external fencing of the building’s premises is eliminated as a result of the panel reset. However, this method is implemented only when excessive pressure occurs indoors and does not allow its use in a fire.

The relevance of the invention lies in the need to ensure fire safety of people with limited mobility.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the rapid evacuation of low-mobility categories of citizens from low-rise buildings for social protection of the population without waiting for the arrival of rescuers and with simplified access for firefighters to the burning building.

The technical result is the acceleration and simplification of the process of evacuating people from a burning low-rise building.

The evacuation method is based on the use of special folding wall sections of the house for the formation of evacuation descents from the premises of the building, while the sections are laid out by means of individual drives (hydraulic, electric, pneumatic, etc.) of the automatic control system, and the command for their unfolding is sent automatically when the smoke level is exceeded above established. The folding wall sections are made in the form of one (for the first floor of the building) or several panels folded together (for the second floor of the building), pivotally connected to each other, and the inner panel in its lower zone with the floor of the corresponding floor. The sections can be mounted in the same way as the fastened sandwich panel [10], which is connected to the building frame using mounting joints with vapor-insulating and heat-insulating tapes, while the wall sections of the first and second floors are lowered onto pre-prepared stationary earthen pillows, in height comparable to the level of the surrounding earth's surface.

The result of the invention is achieved as follows. In the event of a fire and a command from the control panel, the folding wall sections are transformed into an escape descent from the building. The sequence of transformation of the sections of the first and second floors (for two-panel sections) are presented in figure 1 and figure 2, respectively. When using a two-panel folding wall section of the second floor, the angle of inclination of the evacuation will be α = 30 ° (see figure 2):

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and to reduce the angle of inclination, the number of panels in the section should be increased.

Information sources

1. Code of practice. Personal protective equipment and saving people in case of fire. Standards and rules for placement and application. - M., 2009.

2. Tarasov Yu.D. Mobile complex for evacuating people from buildings // RU 2411051. - 2011.

3. Emelyanov EA, Sochnev M.E. Mobile gangway for equipping fire rescue units // RU 116051. - 2012.

4. Akatiev V.A., Bezzubenko D.N., Egorov A.S. et al. Ladder // RU 120128. - 2012.

5. Moiseenko V.I., Moiseenko E.G. Lift for emergency evacuation from a high-rise building // RU 134917. - 2013.

6. Popov V.V. Cassette device for emergency evacuation // RU 2424017. - 2011.

7. Akatiev V.A., Ovsyanik A.P., Prilutsky R.N. and other window opening of the building // RU 118674. - 2012.

8. Remennikov O.S. A device for the evacuation of people with disabilities on the stairs // RU 116048. - 2012.

9. Orlov G.G. Easily erasable designs for explosion protection of industrial buildings. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1987.

10. Stilba V.L. Easily removable enclosing structure of explosive rooms // RU 119780. - 2012.

Claims (5)

1. A method of evacuating low-mobility categories of citizens from low-rise buildings, based on the use of special folding wall sections of the house, characterized in that when unfolding the sections, evacuation descents are formed to evacuate people and firefighters access to the building. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the folding wall sections are made in the form of one (for the first floor of the building) or several panels folded together (for the second floor of the building), pivotally connected to each other, and the inner panel in its lower zone with the floor of the corresponding floor. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the unfolding of the wall sections of the house occurs through individual drives of the automatic control system. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the command to unfold the wall sections of the house is supplied automatically when the smoke level exceeds the established level. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall sections of the first and second floors are lowered onto pre-prepared stationary earthen pillows, comparable in height to the level of the surrounding earth's surface.

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