RU2651656C1 - Device for people emergency evacuation from the high-rise buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire fighting equipment designing and operating for life support of residing and working on high floors of buildings under extreme fire conditions. People from high-rise buildings emergency evacuation device, forming a staircase with exit from each floor to a smoke-free outdoor air zone, is located along the building facade and contains a made form U-profiles frame with a counterweight, inside which there a ring is installed with supporting rollers located thereon, resting against the lower ring, mounted on the base plate, which is an element of the building; made of welded to the frame stamped squares, upper and lower platforms with fences, upper and lower staircases pantographs with rigging wires and fences; passing along the frame ring circumference through the upper and lower blocks wire with a load attached thereto, which is a beam capable of rotating about the load axis, in addition, ladder is provided with a preventing its rotation retainer and the control unit, as well as the front panel, located in the same plane with the remaining elements of the building facade.

EFFECT: possibility of a stationary, compact arrangement of the device inside the building along the building facade on each floor.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of design and operation of fire-fighting equipment for life support of residents and workers on high floors of buildings under extreme fire conditions.

The most important factors in ensuring the safety of people inside a high-rise building are fire protection . The fire protection requirements of tall buildings may vary depending on its functional purpose, overall height, structures used, facilities and equipment used in a fire.

The peculiarity of fire safety for people in a high-rise building is the significant difficulty in evacuating them in the event of a fire and the difficulties in fighting the fire itself. One of the escape routes in high-rise buildings is stairs, in which the risk of smoke increases with an increase in the number of floors. To ensure the safety of using stairwells, they are made non-smokable. To do this, staircases and especially the exits to the outside are designed taking into account the inadmissibility of the ingress of fire and smoke, as well as its quick removal when marches enter the space during evacuation from floor to floor.

Another way to evacuate in high-rise buildings can be fire lifts, which should remain smoke-free in the event of a fire. This is provided by a ventilation system that creates excess pressure in the elevator shafts and prevents smoke and fire from spreading through the elevator shafts to floors.

The flat roofs of high-rise buildings, which must be accessible from stairwells, provide certain opportunities for saving people. When equipping roofs for helipads, it is possible to organize the evacuation of people from roofs during a fire. However, the use of such sites is difficult or impossible with strong winds or large smoke.

At present, there is practically no reliable system that ensures the rapid and safe evacuation of a large number of people in case of emergency, especially the elderly, children, the disabled, pregnant women, sick and injured people accompanying them - hereinafter referred to as “low-mobility groups”.

Known multifunctional self-tow truck (RF patent No. 2319525, IPC АВВ 1/00, publ. March 20, 2008, bull. No. 8), containing a cable ladder made of refractory material with rigid steps. The staircase has fastening in window openings and a plumb line to ensure a stable position. The safety belt for connecting to a backpack has carabiners for alternating connection with ladder cables. The fireproof screen-curtain is fixed in rolled form on the sides of the backpack.

The disadvantage of this device is that the use of this device requires great skill during the descent, especially when helping low-mobility groups.

A device for evacuating people from high-rise buildings is known (RF patent No. 2305577, IPC А62В 1/02, publ. September 10, 2007, bull. No. 25), containing a cabin made in the form of a hinged folding platform with an elastic, closed, self-inflatable fence perimeter. The cabin is placed inoperative in the recess of the lower part of the window opening. At the ends of the site mounted telescopic load-bearing elements with a limited range, articulated with the supporting beams and the site. Along the supporting beams, cables are fixed, connected through blocks installed in the upper part of the window opening, with self-braking winches located in the lower part of the window opening. A mounting key is attached to the surface of the site to disconnect the site.

The disadvantages of this design are the complexity and the limited number of passenger seats for evacuation.

A device for evacuating people from high-rise buildings (RF patent No. 2311934, IPC АВВ 1/02, published on December 10, 2007, bull. No. 34), comprising a cabin mounted on a cable, a winch for lifting it, an electric motor with self-contained drive, exhaust cable connected to the winch, travel limiters, control panel connected to the electric motor. The device is equipped with a horizontal monorail mounted on supporting elements under the roof of a high-rise structure, a frame with a block mounted to move along the monorail with the help of bearing and guide rollers, a shunting winch installed in one housing with a winch for lifting the cab, rigidly fixed to the monorail. A shunting winch is connected to the frame through a shunting block, mounted on the opposite end of the monorail from the winch body, by a shunting cable. Cabin travel limiters are located on its roof and are made in the form of racks with rollers. The cabin is inoperatively located in a shelter in a niche in the ground near the foundation of a high-rise structure, its upper part is protected by an easily collapsible ceiling. The control panel is connected to the winches via radio. The winches are equipped with a pneumatic drive, connected by air ducts to a compressor located in a niche of the shelter.

The disadvantages of this device are the bulkiness of the design, high manufacturing costs, a limited number of saved people.

Known self-propelled fire shielded ladder N.R. Yansufina (RF patent No. 2226226, IPC Е06С 9/06, publ. 06/10/2008, bull. No. 16), containing a supporting frame, end bearing lattice guards, front lattice fence, between the building and the staircase a shielded fence made of heat-resistant steel sheet , washed and cooled by a stream of water from a perforated U-shaped pipe, marches with half-floors, assembled as a double staircase equipped with water risers with pipes and valves from the end sides, as well as a Rota / Bogdanov semi-nut / with half-nut E them with fire hoses and water cannons. On the supporting frame, on the longitudinal axis of symmetry on the vertical axes, rails are attached equally to the ends of the frame with two pairs of monorail wheels arranged with electric motors and planetary gearboxes. A cable layer is attached to the transverse axis of symmetry of the supporting frame, containing a drum, slip rings, a fluid coupling and an electric motor rotating in one direction, regardless of which direction the ladder moves along the monorail. On the wall of the building around the perimeter equidistant from each other in the space between the cable layer drum and the supporting frame are attached brackets against sagging cable. At the protruding corners of the building, between the levels of the pinched cantilevered I-beams and brackets, semi-cylindrical cable fuses are attached with hooks at the bottom and at the end of the brackets, turned 180 ° to the building. To call the staircase, as a result of which it approaches the window and closes all the windows vertically of the building, there is a button that is located on the control panel for the movement of the stairs, which can be moved to the lower platform.

The disadvantage of self-propelled fire shielded stairs is the difficulty of its manufacture and use in emergency situations.

Known fire and rescue complex with a lift for use outside of tall buildings (RF patent No. 2442621, IPC АВВ 1/00, B66F 11/00. Publ. 02.20.2012, bull. No. 5), formed by a modular frame, its modules are attached to the building one above the other and form a single structure, providing a complete set of arbitrarily tall buildings with a device that provides three tasks - lifting firefighters and rescuers with equipment, saving people and putting out a fire - with three components (these are portable removable lifts on rigid and / or flexible guides , plo guards for equipment are removable and / or non-removable and stairs are vertical and / or marching). All components are used at the same time, complement each other and do not interfere with each other, and if any of them fails, the remaining ones will allow you to complete all the tasks.

The disadvantage of this design is the complexity of the design and its use.

From the patent search of the prototype of the proposed design, the device for emergency evacuation of people from high-rise buildings was not identified.

An object of the invention is the creation of a compact, simple and reliable device for the emergency evacuation of a large number of people in a non-smoke outside air zone.

The technical result is the possibility of a stationary, compact arrangement of the device inside the building along the facade of the building on each floor.

The problem is solved in the device for the emergency evacuation of people from high-rise buildings, forming a staircase with access from each floor to a non-smoke external air zone located along the building’s facade and containing a frame made of channels with a counterweight, inside of which there is a ring with supporting rings located on it rollers resting on the lower ring mounted on the base plate which is an element of the building; made of stamped squares welded to the frame, the upper and lower platforms with fences, pantographs of the upper and lower flights of stairs with extensions and fences; a cable passing around the circumference of the frame ring through the upper and lower blocks with a load attached to it, which is a beam that can rotate around the axis of the load, in addition, the ladder is equipped with a latch holding it and the control unit, as well as a front panel located in the same plane with the remaining elements of the facade of the building.

The drawings show an example implementation of the device.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for the emergency evacuation of people from tall buildings in a folded state during storage; in FIG. 2 - the device in the folded state, displayed by turning into a non-smoke zone; in Fig. 3 - View A - device with an unfolded lower pantograph; in FIG. 4 - View A - device with both pantographs unfolded, in FIG. 5 - a device with unfolded pantographs and raised fences; in FIG. 6 - View B - top view of the device in the unfolded state; in FIG. 7 - evacuation exit from the building, consisting of several stairwells spread out on each floor; in FIG. 8 - mechanism for raising fences.

The emergency evacuation device for people from high-rise buildings consists of a frame 1 made of channels with a counterweight 2, inside of which a ring 3 is installed with supporting rollers 4 located around its circumference, resting on the lower ring 5. The lower ring 5 is located on the base plate 6, which is an element building. Around the circumference of the ring of the carcass 3, a cable 9 with a load 10 attached to it passes through the upper 7 and lower 8 blocks. The load 10 is a beam that can rotate around the axis of the load 11. The latch 12 keeps the load 10 from turning, and on one of the channels of the frame 1 the control unit is fixed 13. From rotation, the device holds the latch 14, which abuts against the latch of the latch 15. Under the influence of the weight of the load 10, the frame 1 rotates until it meets the damper 16 of the stop of the frame 17, and when the compressed air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder of the latch 18, the pantograph is lower about the flight of steps 19 is revealed under the influence of its own weight to a height limited by the lower extensions 20, when air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder of the latch 21, the pantograph of the upper flight of stairs 22 opens under the influence of its own weight to a height limited by the upper extensions 23. When the pneumatic cylinder 24 is activated, the cable of the pneumatic cylinder 25 through the lever 26 and the block of the cable 27 raises the fence 28. The lever of the fence 26 abuts against the stop 29 with a latch 30. To protect the rod of the pneumatic cylinder of the latch 14 is the plate 31. Unloading rollers 32 are mounted on the frame 1, which are supported by the channel 33, which is mounted on the unloading plate 34. To protect the cargo cable 9, a latch 12 is provided during the storage period, which moves by means of a pneumatic cylinder, the rod of which is protected by a plate 35. Upper 36 and lower 37 of the device platform made of stamped squares having anti-slip notches 38 and welded to the frame. A panel 39 is also attached to the device frame on the front side. Fencing frames pos. 28 filled with leera pos. 40. Above the device is the exit floor for evacuation (shown by thin lines).

The proposed design works as follows.

In the folded state, the device for emergency evacuation of people from high-rise buildings is located inside the building and is located horizontally along the facade of the building. A panel 39 is attached to the frame 1 of the device from the front side, which protects the structure from the effects of precipitation during storage and is located in the same plane with the other elements of the building facade. When the “Fire” signal appears, the control unit 13, located on the frame 1 made of channels, inside of which a ring 3 is mounted with supporting rollers 4 located around its circumference, resting on the lower ring 5, located on the base plate 6, activates the clamp pneumatic cylinders 12 and 14, the rods of which are retracted and the device extends beyond the facade of the building into a non-smoke area. From rotation, the device holds the latch 14, which abuts against the latch of the latch 15. Under the action of a beam rotating around the axis of the load 11, the weight of the load 10, the cable 9 of which is attached to the frame 1 and passes around the circumference of the ring of the frame 3 through the upper block 7 and the lower block 8, the frame 1 with the counterweight 2 is rotated until it meets the damper 16 of the frame 17 stop. Next, the control unit 13 gives a command to the pneumatic cylinder of the latch 18, under which the pantograph of the lower stairwell 19 opens to the height specified by the lower ra couplers 20. Then the command from the control unit 13 is transmitted to the clamp cylinder 21, under which the pantograph of the upper flight of stairs 22 is opened to the height specified by the upper braces 23. After the lower and upper flights of stairs are opened, the control unit 13 sends a command to the pneumatic cylinders of the fencing 24 retract their rods, the movement of which in the direction of the axis of the cylinder is provided by the blocks of the cable 27, and the guards 28 are raised. The cable of the pneumatic cylinder 25 pulls on the lever 26, which at the moment of completion of the railing of the fence 28, filled with leera 40, abuts against the stop 29 with the latch 30. To protect the rod of the clamp 14, a protective plate 27 is used. To protect the design of the device from bending moments during storage on the frame 1, unloading rollers 32 are installed, which abut against a channel 33 fixed to the unloading plate 34. The unloading plate 34 is one of the structural elements of the building. To protect the cargo cable 9 during storage, a cargo lock 12 is provided, which moves with the help of a pneumatic cylinder, the rod of which is protected by a plate 35. The upper 36 and lower 37 platforms made of stamped squares welded to the frame have anti-slip notches 38. To the frame 1 of the device with a front panel is attached 39, which protects the structure from the effects of precipitation during storage and is located in the same plane with the rest of the facade of the building.

Emergency evacuation devices for people from high-rise buildings are located on each floor, and in the presence of a fire alarm, a set of open devices creates an emergency exit from the building (Fig. 7). Between the upper and lower spans of the device there is a gap sufficient to install fire hoses (Fig. 6).

The proposed design is the easiest to manufacture and use, suitable for the evacuation of all categories of citizens, including people with limited mobility.

Claims (1)

An emergency evacuation device for people from high-rise buildings, forming a staircase with access from each floor to a non-smoke external air zone located along the building’s facade and containing a frame made of channels with a counterweight, inside of which there is a ring with supporting rollers located around it, abutting against a lower ring mounted on a base plate which is an element of the building; made of stamped squares welded to the frame, the upper and lower platforms with fences, pantographs of the upper and lower flights of stairs with extensions and fences; a cable passing around the circumference of the frame ring through the upper and lower blocks with a load attached to it, which is a beam that can rotate around the axis of the load, in addition, the ladder is equipped with a latch holding it and the control unit, as well as a front panel located in the same plane with the remaining elements of the facade of the building.

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