RU2546145C1 - Water decontaminator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water treatment and can be used for decontamination of drinking water. Device comprises housing made of dielectric material, primarily, of cylindrical shape with inner cavity. Besides, it comprises two covers: inlet and outlet covers and fitted at housing ends, inlet and outlet fuel unions with feed and discharge channels. It comprises magnetic system composed of two permanent ring magnets arranged in the housing, aligned with clearance. Partition separates the cavity in two working chambers: first and second. Besides, it includes hydraulic turbine and impeller fitted inside second working chamber. First ring magnet is centred in inlet cover. Partition has two centring cylindrical ledges on both sides. One of said ledges serves to centre the second permanent magnet. Second cylindrical ledge serves to fit centrifugal turbine impeller hub in place. Partition periphery has circular cavity connected by radial holes with blind plugged axial bore. Said bore is communicated via radial holes with hydraulic turbine inner chamber arranged in its hub. Said hub, in its turn, is communicated by outlet radial holes with hydraulic turbine impeller cavity.

EFFECT: better decontamination.

10 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for water purification and may find application in everyday life for the purification of drinking water.

A device for water purification according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2338573, IPC B01D 17/038, publ. November 20, 2008

The device includes a cylindrical body in which a cylindrical reaction chamber and a light source are coaxially mounted. Between the body and the reaction chamber, distribution and storage tanks are formed, separated by a sealed partition. A frequency-wave filter in the form of vertical strings uniformly spaced around the circumference of the cylinder, or in the form of a grid with a vertical base, is coaxially mounted inside the reaction chamber. On the inside of the filter, a reservoir liquid is formed. The tension of the filter strings provides tuning resonant modulated signal. The frequency-wave energy filter, the elements of the formation of the vortex flow, as well as the elements of the supply and removal of liquids. The technical result consists in increasing the cleaning efficiency.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the device.

A device for water purification according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 130872, IPC B01D 24/00, publ. 08/10/2013

This filter for drinking water purification, containing filter material, two hollow perforated cylinders of different diameters, while a cylinder of a smaller diameter is placed inside a cylinder of a larger diameter, a filter material is laid between them, separated from the surfaces of the cylinders by a mesh material, lids are installed on the end faces of the cylinders, and the outer surface of the larger cylinder is covered by a non-woven porous material made of polymer fibers.

A device for water purification according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 107972, IPC B04C 5/12, publ. 09/10/2011

A device for cleaning liquids from solid particles includes at least two stages of cleaning, one of which contains at least one device for centrifugal separation of solid particles from liquid, and the other stage contains at least one filter element, characterized in that the filter element is made in the form of sheet filters with an external collector for draining the filtered liquid.

The disadvantage is the small resource of the device due to clogging of its filter element.

A device for disinfecting water according to US patent for the invention No. 6521248, IPC A61K 35/02, publ. 02/18/2003

The device includes a housing and a cavitator for disinfection of drinking water. However, it does not provide means for purifying and structuring water.

A device is known individual for structuring and biological activation of drinking water according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2398739, IPC A02F 1/00, publ. 09/10/2010

Signs common with the analogue and the proposed device: a housing made of a dielectric material, mainly of cylindrical shape, two covers: inlet and outlet, inlet and outlet fitting with inlet and outlet channels, a magnetic system formed by permanent magnets.

The disadvantage is the low efficiency of the magnetic system due to the location of permanent magnets outside the case and the lack of water disinfection.

A device for water purification according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 107972, IPC B01F 13/00, publ. 10.10.2000, the prototype.

This high-pressure water purification filter, including a base, a cylindrical body, inside which there is a filter assembly, an inlet, outlet and drain pipe, characterized in that due to the device of the inlet pipe tangentially to the body, creating a field of centrifugal forces and separation of liquid into solid and the liquid phase, a two-stage cleaning of the filter fluid is performed.

Signs common to the prototype and the claimed device: the upper and lower cylindrical bodies interconnected to form an internal cavity, the input tangentially made and the output pipe mounted along the axis of the buildings.

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively low cleaning efficiency due to the small centrifugal forces acting on solid particles (impurities).

The objectives of the invention are to improve water purification and ensure its disinfection without the use of chemicals.

Technical results - ensuring the disinfection of water and its purification.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a device for disinfecting water, comprising a housing made of dielectric material, mainly of cylindrical shape, two covers: inlet and outlet mounted on the ends of the housing, inlet and outlet fuel fittings with inlet and outlet channels, a magnetic system formed by two with permanent magnets of a circular shape, placed in the housing coaxially one after another with a gap, two working chambers: the first and second, separated by a partition, characterized in that according to upon acquiring, the first working chamber is made concentrically with permanent magnets between them and the housing, and the second is made between the partition and the outlet cover, a centrifugal hydraulic turbine is installed in the second working cavity, the first ring magnet is centered in the inlet cover, the partition is made with two centering cylindrical protrusions on both sides, one of which is designed to center the second permanent magnet, and the second cylindrical protrusion serves to install the impeller hub of a centrifugal hydrotour bins, in the partition along the periphery there is an annular cavity connected by radial holes with a non-through muffled axial hole, which is connected by radial holes to the inlet cavity of the hydraulic turbine made in its hub, which, in turn, is connected with the outlet radial holes to the cavity of the impeller of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine. The impeller of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine is made in the form of a disk mounted on the hub perpendicular to the axis of the device, and turbine blades are made on one end of the disk. The turbine blades can be made in the form of a spiral of Archimedes. Turbine blades can be covered with a front cover. Cavitators mounted on the inner wall of the housing and / or the end of its outlet cover can be made inside the second chamber. Cavitators can be made in the form of protrusions of a triangular shape.

Silver may be coated on the inside of the case.

Silver may be coated on the inside of the confuser.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ... 8, where:

- Fig 1 shows the design of the device,

- in FIG. 2 shows the partition and the impeller of a centrifugal turbine,

- in FIG. 3 shows the impeller of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine, the first option,

- in FIG. 4 shows the impeller of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine, the second option,

- in FIG. 5 shows the spiral of Archimedes,

- in FIG. 6 shows the first option for installing cavitators,

- in FIG. 7 shows a second option for installing cavitators,

- in FIG. 8 shows a device with an output confuser.

In FIG. 1 ... 8 shows a diagram of a device for magnetic disinfection of water and options for the execution of its individual main nodes.

The device (figure 1) contains a housing 1 made of a dielectric material, mainly of cylindrical shape, two covers: an inlet cover 2 and an outlet cover 3 installed in threaded sections 4 and 5. At the outer ends 6 and 7 of the covers 2 and 3 are made inlet 8 and output 9 are fuel nozzles with inlet 10 and outlet 11 channels, a magnetic system formed by two permanent magnets of the first 12 and second 13 ring-shaped, having central holes 14 located inside the housing 1 coaxially one after another with a gap 15 having a width δ. The first permanent magnet 11 is centered on the inlet cover 2. The device contains two working cavities 16 and 17 separated by a partition 18. The first cavity 16 is made between the inner wall 19 of the housing 1 and the permanent magnets 12 and 13. The second working cavity 17 is made between the partition 18 and the inner end face 20 of the output cover 3.

In the second working cavity 17, a centrifugal hydraulic turbine 21 with an impeller 22 is made. The housing of the hydraulic turbine 21 is made by the housing 1, the outlet cover 3 and the partition 18.

The partition 18 (figure 2) is made with two centering cylindrical protrusions 23 and 24 on both sides, one of which 23 is designed to center the second permanent magnet 13, and the second cylindrical protrusion 24 serves to install the hub 25 of the impeller 22 of the centrifugal turbine 21. B an annular collector 26 is made on the periphery of the partition 18 at the periphery, connected by axial holes 27 to the first working cavity 16 and radial holes 28 with a central axial hole 29, which is made through and closed off on one side by a screw 3 0. In the hub 25, the inlet cavity 31 of the centrifugal hydraulic turbine 21 is made. The central axial hole 29 with radial holes 32 is in communication with the inlet cavity 31 of the hydraulic turbine 21 (FIG. 2), which, in turn, is connected with the outlet radial holes 33 with the cavity 34 of the impeller 22 centrifugal hydroturbine 21.

The partition 18 can be made of dielectric material and installed inside the housing 1, and its axial position is fixed using a split ring 35. installed in the housing 1.

The impeller 22 of the centrifugal hydraulic turbine 21 in addition to the hub 25 contains a disk 36 on which the working blades 37 are made. The hub 25 is mounted on the protrusion 24 with the possibility of rotation by means of a screw 30, under which the washer 38 is installed (Fig. 3).

In the second embodiment of the hydraulic turbine 21, the rotor blades 37 are closed by the front cover 39 (Fig. 4). The working blades 37 can be made in the form of a spiral of Archimedes (Fig. 5).

To reduce hydraulic losses inside the outlet cover 3, a conical channel 40 can be made (Fig. 1) or a confuser 41 (Fig. 8) is made on the outlet cover 3 in front of the outlet fitting 9.

For deep complete disinfection of water by cavitation, cavitators 42 can be used in the device, which can be made, for example, in the form of triangular protrusions located on the inner wall 19 of the housing 1 in the second working cavity 17 (Fig. 6), or on the output end 20 cover 7 (Fig. 7), or on the inner wall 43 of the confuser 41 (Fig. 8).

The installation site of the cavitators 42 is selected from the condition of the maximum speed of the water flow and, as a consequence, the minimum static pressure contributing to cavitation.

Cavitation

Cavitation - K. (from Lat. Cavitas - void), the formation in the droplet liquid of cavities filled with gas, steam or a mixture thereof (the so-called cavitation bubbles, or caverns). Cavitation bubbles form in places where the pressure in the liquid falls below a certain critical value p _kp (in real liquid, p _{kp is} approximately equal to the saturated vapor pressure of this liquid at a given temperature). If the decrease in pressure occurs due to high local velocities in the flow of a moving droplet liquid, then K. is called hydrodynamic, and if due to the passage of acoustic waves - acoustic.

Hydrodynamic cavitation

Since tiny bubbles of gas or vapor are always present in a real liquid, moving with the flow and falling into the pressure region p <p _cr , they lose stability and become capable of unlimited growth). After the transition to the zone of increased pressure and the kinetic energy of the expanding fluid is exhausted, the bubble growth stops and it begins to contract. If the bubble contains a lot of gas, then when it reaches the minimum radius, it is restored and performs several cycles of damped oscillations, and if there is not enough gas, then the bubble completely closes in the first period of life. Thus, in the vicinity of the streamlined body (for example, in a pipe with local narrowing, Fig. 2), a rather clearly defined “cavitation zone” is created, filled with moving bubbles.

The contraction of the cavitation bubble occurs at high speed and is accompanied by a sound pulse (a kind of hydraulic shock), the stronger, the less gas the bubble contains. If the degree of K.'s development is such that many bubbles arise and collapses at random times, then the phenomenon is accompanied by strong noise with a continuous spectrum from several hundred Hz to hundreds and thousands of kHz. If the cavitation cavity closes close to the streamlined body, then repeatedly repeated blows lead to the destruction (to the so-called cavitation erosion) of the surface of the streamlined body (blades of hydraulic turbines, ship propellers, and other hydraulic devices).

If the liquid were ideally homogeneous, and the surface of the solid with which it borders is ideally wettable, then the rupture would occur at a pressure significantly lower than the pressure of the saturated vapor of the liquid. The tensile strength of water, calculated taking into account thermal fluctuations, is equal to 150 Mn / m ² (1500 kg / cm ² ). Real liquids are less durable. The maximum stretching of carefully treated water, achieved by stretching the water at 10 ° C, is 28 Mn / m ² (280 kg / cm ² ). Usually, a rupture occurs at pressures only slightly lower than the saturated vapor pressure. The low strength of real liquids is associated with the presence of so-called cavitation nuclei in them: poorly wetted areas of a solid body, solid particles with cracks filled with gas, microscopic gas bubbles that are protected from dissolution by monomolecular organic shells, and ionic formations that arise under the influence of cosmic rays.

With a given shape of a streamlined body, a K. occurs when there is a certain dimensionless parameter that is well defined for a given point of the flow

$$\chi =2\frac{p-p_H}{\rho {\upsilon }_{\infty }^2}$$

where p is the hydrostatic pressure of the oncoming flow, p _n is the pressure of saturated vapor, ρ is the density of the liquid, υ _∞ is the velocity of the liquid at a sufficient distance from the body. This parameter, called the “cavitation number”, serves as one of the similarity criteria for modeling hydrodynamic flows. An increase in the flow velocity after the onset of K. causes a rapid increase in the number of cavitation bubbles, after which they merge into a common cavitation cavity, then the flow passes into a jet (see. Jet). In this case, the flow remains unsteady only in the region of cavity closure. Especially quickly, the jet stream is organized in the case of poorly streamlined bodies.

Всплывание такой кавитационной каверны будет определяться т.н. числом Фруда $$Fr={\upsilon }_{\infty }^2/gd$$

, где g - ускорение силы тяжести, a d - некоторый характерный линейный размер. Так как p_k может быть много больше p_н, то в таких условиях возможно при малых скоростях набегающего потока получать течения, соответствующие очень низким значениям, т.е. глубоким степеням развития К. Так, при движении тела в воде со скоростью 6-10 м/сек можно получить его обтекание, соответствующее скоростям до 100 м/сек. Кавитационные течения, получающиеся в результате подвода газа внутрь каверны, называют искусственной К.If atmospheric air or another gas is brought inside the cavity, through the body near which K. appears, then the size of the cavity increases. In this case, a flow will be established that will correspond to the cavitation number, formed no longer by the saturating pressure of water vapor p _n , but by the gas pressure inside the cavity p _k , i.e. $$\chi =2\frac{p_{\infty }-p_k}{\rho {\upsilon }_{\infty }^2}.$$

The emergence of such a cavitation cavity will be determined by the so-called Froude number $$Fr={\upsilon }_{\infty }^2/gd$$

, where g is the acceleration of gravity, ad is some characteristic linear size. Since p _k can be much larger than p _n , under such conditions it is possible to obtain flows corresponding to very low values at low speeds of the incoming flow, i.e. deep degrees of development of K. So, when the body moves in water at a speed of 6-10 m / s, it is possible to obtain a flow around it corresponding to speeds of up to 100 m / s. Cavitation flows resulting from the supply of gas into the cavity are called artificial K.

Hydrodynamic K. can be accompanied by a number of physicochemical effects, for example, sparking and luminescence. In a number of works, the influence of an electric current and a magnetic field on carbon was discovered, which occurs during the flow around a cylinder in a hydrodynamic pipe.

K.'s research and the fight against it are of great importance, since K. has a detrimental effect on the operation of hydraulic turbines, liquid pumps, ship propellers, underwater sound emitters, high-altitude aircraft liquid systems, etc., reduces the efficiency and leads to destruction . K. can be reduced with increasing hydrostatic pressure, for example, by placing the device at a sufficient depth relative to the free surface of the liquid, as well as by selecting appropriate forms of structural elements, in which the harmful effect of K. decreases. To reduce erosion, the impeller blades are made of stainless steel and ground.

Experimental research K. are carried out in the so-called cavitation pipes, which are ordinary hydrodynamic pipes equipped with a system for regulating static pressure.

Cavitation destroys microbes and leads to disinfection of drinking water without the use of chemicals.

Arrows indicate the direction of water movement.

The device operates as follows (figure 1 ... 8).

Water from the tap through a hose (not shown) through the inlet 8 through the inlet channel 10 and the hole 14 is fed into the gap 15 between the permanent magnets 12 and 13, where it is cleaned of metal impurities and disinfected.

In the first working cavity 16, metal precipitation falls out. Further, through the axial openings 27, water enters the annular manifold 26 and then through the radial openings 28 into the central axial bore 29. From the central axial bore 29 through the radial openings 32, first into the inlet cavity 31 and through the outlet radial openings 33 into the cavity 34 between the disk 36 and working blades 37.

The general effect of the magnetic field is the weakening of molecular bonds leading to the optimization of cleaning processes. Water disinfection occurs due to the destruction of microbes by cavitation.

Thus, the implementation of the device with a second working chamber and a centrifugal hydraulic turbine provides an additional swirl of water with the simultaneous re-polarization of the atomic nuclei under the influence of a magnetic field from the outer cylindrical surface of the second permanent magnet through a baffle made of a dielectric material, thereby additionally decreasing the viscosity of water and its surface tension and, as a result, the beneficial qualities of water and its healing and taste properties increase.

A prototype device has been manufactured and successfully tested.

Claims (10)

1. Device for disinfecting water, comprising a housing made of a dielectric material, mainly of cylindrical shape, with a cavity inside, two covers: inlet and outlet mounted on the ends of the housing, inlet and outlet fuel fittings with inlet and outlet channels, a magnetic system formed two permanent ring-shaped magnets placed in the housing coaxially one after another with a gap, characterized in that the device comprises a partition dividing the cavity into two working cavities: the first and the second a centrifugal hydraulic turbine, the impeller of which is installed inside the second working cavity, the first ring magnet is centered in the inlet cover, the partition is made with two centering cylindrical protrusions on both sides, one of which is designed to center the second permanent magnet, and the second cylindrical protrusion serves to install the impeller hub of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine, in the partition along the periphery an annular cavity is made, connected by radial openings with a non-through muffled a hole that communicates with radial openings to the inlet cavity of the turbine made in its hub, which, in turn, communicates with the outlet radial openings to the cavity of the impeller of a centrifugal turbine. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller of a centrifugal hydraulic turbine is made in the form of a disk mounted on the hub perpendicular to the axis of the device, and turbine blades are made on one end of the disk. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the turbine blades are made in the form of an Archimedes spiral. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the turbine blades are closed by a front cover. 5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that cavitators are mounted inside the second chamber, mounted on the inner wall of the housing and / or the end of its outlet cover. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cavitators are made in the form of protrusions of a triangular shape. 7. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a confuser is made between the second cavity and the outlet fitting. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that on the inner surface of the confuser cavitators are made. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the body is coated with silver. 10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that on the inner surface of the confuser a silver coating is applied.

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