RU2546141C1 - Inductor-type electric generator with flexible stator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: stator of magnetic system 1 is made of strips of a material having ferromagnetic properties, which are adjacent to each other with flat surfaces, like plates of a transformer. These strips can be made of thin, flexible, wide plates from springy steel used for example for production of plate springs. In their middle part the strips are bent in the form of arc 2 and can be bent in the area of this arc. On both sides of arc 2 there are straight-line sections 3, 4 equal as to length, which are a continued part of the above said arc. Strips are coated on both sides with electrically insulating varnish preventing occurrence of an electrical contact between them. Self-excitation winding 5 is arranged in straight-line section 3. In the opposite straight-line section 4 there arranged is winding of armature 6, which is intended for generation of electrical power at action on a magnetic system.

EFFECT: reduction of overall dimensions and weight; improving efficiency and reliability and providing flexibility and simplifying the design.

6 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for generating electrical energy by oscillating various mechanical parts relative to each other and can be used to generate alternating current when certain vehicle components vibrate, in particular springs or other suspension elements, for example shock absorbers.

A known inductor generator that converts the vibrations of various mechanical devices, in particular some structural elements of vehicles into electrical energy (See, for example, patent RU No. 2451616 C1 05.27.2012.

The known device is designed to produce electrical energy during mechanical oscillation of various elements relative to each other, and consists of a movable closed magnetic circuit with a gap between the poles, which is mechanically influenced by alternating force.

A disadvantage of the known device is that its use is limited by the presence of steel rails.

Closer in technical essence, according to the authors, and adopted as a prototype is a device for generating a variable EMF, described in patent RU No. 2468491 C1 (11.27.2012).

The known device is designed to produce electrical energy during mechanical oscillation of various structural parts relative to each other, and contains an oscillation source, a magnetization source, a magnetic system of poles facing each other, an electric energy receiver, a movable closed magnetic circuit with a gap between the poles mounted on movable details that change their position relative to each other.

The advantage of the device is that it is essentially universal and can be used to produce electrical energy for various systems consisting of two elements oscillating between themselves.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively large overall dimensions of the magnetic system. In addition, for its use it is necessary to have structural elements, mainly vehicles, oscillating independently relative to each other.

The objective of the invention is to provide a simple and reliable Converter of vibrational energy into electrical energy, sufficient for industrial applications, and related to the shock absorbing elements of vehicles.

The technical result is to reduce the overall dimensions and weight of the generator, increase the efficiency and reliability of the converter of vibrational energy into electrical energy, as well as providing versatility and simplifying the design.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for generating electrical energy during mechanical oscillation of various elements containing an oscillation source, a magnetization source, a magnetic system of poles facing each other and an electric energy receiver, according to the invention, the magnetic system consists of strips from a material having ferromagnetic properties, bent in the form of an arc and capable of bending in the region of the arc, with equal straight sections in length that are a continuation of the aforementioned arc, the strips are varnished on both sides, on straight sections located closer to their end, poles are separated by a gap, at the moment of the closest approach of the poles, the gap between them is minimal, the electric energy receiver and magnetization source are located on the linear part of the magnetic system .

The magnetization source may be made of magnetized hard magnetic material.

The poles can be made in the form of pole plates, from a packet of strips of magnetically soft material coated with varnish on both sides, the packet of strips facing the sides of the strips of the magnetic system and contain an opening worn on the strips of the magnetic system so that the ends of the strips of the magnetic system exit outside the poles, the cross-sectional area of the poles is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic system, the adjacent surfaces of the poles are beveled at an angle so that when the strips are completely bent, at which the gap becomes close to zero These surfaces are parallel.

The poles can be made of magnetodielectric.

The poles can be made in the form of pole plates, one pole plate has a rectangular shank that fits inside the other pole plate, for this there is a recess in the other pole plate corresponding to the shank, and the shank enters the recess with a gap between the inner side edges of the recess and the inner surface of the recess and the surfaces of the shank, on the outer sides of the lateral edges of the lining with the recesses, are bevels expanding toward the base of the edges, the height of the edges is slightly less than the heights shank.

The poles can be made in the form of pole plates, the inner adjacent surfaces of which are parallel to each other, and the gap passes between the plates, along their surface through the axis of symmetry of the poles, with each plate has an external lateral bevel, the height of which is equal to the distance of the pole, and tapering to the end of the lining, and the bevel has a recess protruding into the bevel.

The implementation of the magnetic system, consisting of strips of material having ferromagnetic properties, curved in the form of an arc and capable of bending in the region of the arc, with equal straight sections in length that are a continuation of the mentioned arc and coating the strips on both sides with varnish, with straight sections, allows you to create simple and reliable generators that generate electrical energy when the elements of transport systems oscillate. The location of the electric energy receiver and magnetization source on the linear part of the magnetic system also contributes to this.

The implementation of the magnetization source of magnetized hard magnetic material eliminates or reduces the size of the magnetization winding.

The implementation of the poles of the magnetodielectric expands the possibilities for designers in the manufacture of the inductor generator.

The implementation of the poles in the form of pole plates, consisting of a package of strips of soft magnetic material, varnished on both sides, in which the package of strips are turned with their lateral faces to the strips of the magnetic system and contain an opening worn on the strips of the magnetic system, so that the ends of the strips of the magnetic system went beyond the poles, with a cross-sectional area of poles equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic system makes it possible to simplify the manufacture of the generator and to ensure uniform distribution of magnetic flux throughout the magnetically th chain. If the adjacent surfaces of the poles are beveled at an angle so that when the strips are completely bent, at which the gap becomes close to zero, these surfaces are parallel, then when the magnetic system oscillates, the maximum voltage range is ensured. The fact that at the moment of the closest approach of the poles, the gap between them is minimal, allows you to vary the magnitude of the magnetic flux from a maximum to a certain minimum in the process of changing the gap between the poles.

The implementation of the poles in the form of pole plates, in which one pole plate has a rectangular shank that goes inside another pole plate, in which there is a recess corresponding to the shank, which allows increasing the voltage variation range during oscillations of the generator magnetic system. Bevels, the height of which is slightly less than the height of the shank, also contribute to this.

The implementation of the poles in the form of pole plates, the inner adjacent surfaces of which are parallel to each other, and the gap passes between the plates, along their surface through the axis of symmetry of the poles, in which each plate has an external side bevel with a recess protruding into the bevel, tapering to the end of the plate, expands the capabilities of the designer in the design of such a generator and allows you to linearize the nature of the voltage changes during oscillations of the magnetic system of the generator.

A flexible stator inductor generator is illustrated by twelve figures.

Figure 1 shows an inductor generator with poles made of magnetodielectric, side view.

Figure 2 shows the state of the poles with a minimum clearance.

Figure 3 is a drawing of couplers compressing the stator strip, an end view.

Figure 4 shows a generator with poles made in the form of overlays of strips, side view.

In Fig. 5, tips are drawn in which one of them enters into the other with a minimum clearance.

Figure 6 is a drawing of the tips, in which one of them goes inside the other with a maximum clearance.

7 there are tips in which the gap extends between the inner faces of the tips parallel to the plane of movement of the poles at the maximum clearance.

On Fig is a view of the tips, in which the gap passes between the inner faces of the tips parallel to the plane of movement of the poles with a minimum clearance.

Figure 9 shows the state of the poles with a minimum clearance, side view.

Figure 10 presents a view of the poles at the maximum clearance, side view.

11, a circuit diagram of the connection of the generator windings is drawn.

12 shows a generator with an insert of hard magnetic material.

Inductive electric generator with a flexible stator is arranged as follows. The stator of the magnetic system 1 (Fig. 1) is made of strips of material (not indicated) having ferromagnetic properties adjacent to each other with flat surfaces, like transformer sheets. These strips can be made of thin, flexible, wide plates of spring steel, going, for example, for the manufacture of springs. In its middle part, the stripes are curved in the form of an arc 2 and should be able to bend in the region of this arc. On two sides of the arc 2 there are equal in length rectilinear sections 3, 4, which are a continuation of the mentioned arc. The strips, in turn, are coated on both sides with an electrical insulating varnish (not indicated), which prevents the occurrence of electrical contact between them. A self-excitation winding 5 is placed on the straight portion 3. In addition, on the opposite straight portion 4, the armature winding 6 is arranged to generate electrical energy when exposed to the magnetic system. 1. The receiver of electrical energy 5 and the magnetization source 6 are solenoidal coils. At the same time, the plates are pressed against each other using tie-rods 7 (Figs. 1, 2). In straight sections located closer to their end, pole pieces 8 and 9 facing each other are made so that the ends of the strips extend beyond the pole tips. The tips are made in the form of overlays of a magnetodielectric (figure 1, 2). These tips additionally tighten the strip, preventing them from fluffing when moving. The cross-sectional area of the pole covers is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic system. The adjacent surfaces of the tips 8 and 9 are beveled at an angle so that when the strips are completely bent, at which the gap becomes close to zero, these surfaces are parallel. Part of the straight sections that extend beyond the tips are used to exert external forces.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, each pole strip is made in the form of strips of soft magnetic material coated on both sides with varnish (Fig. 4). Strip strips face side faces to stripes of the magnetic system. The cross-sectional area of the pole covers is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic system. The surfaces of the tips adjacent to each other, like the magnetodielectric ones, are beveled at an angle so that when the strips are completely bent, at which the gap becomes close to zero, these surfaces are parallel.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, one pole strip 9 has a rectangular shank 10 (FIGS. 5, 6), which goes inside the other tip of the pole 8. For this, the pole plate 8 has a recess 11 corresponding to the shank 10. The shank 10 enters the recess 11 with a gap passing between the inner lateral edges 12 of the recess 11 and the inner surface 13 of the recess and the surfaces of the shank 10. On the outer sides of the lateral edges of the lining 8, bevels 14 are made expanding toward the base of the edges. The height of the edges is slightly less than the height of the shank.

Figure 5 gives an idea of the state of the pole plates when they approach each other, and Figure 6 shows the state of the magnetic pole plates during the period when the poles diverge to the maximum distance.

In the embodiment of the technical solution, the tips are made in the form of pole plates 8 and 9 (Figs. 7, 8), the inner adjacent surfaces 15 and 16 of which are parallel to each other, and the gap (not indicated) passes between the plates along their surface 15 and 16 through the axis of symmetry of the movement of the poles, with each pad has an external lateral bevel 17, the height of which is equal to the distance of the pole, and tapering to the end of the pad, and the bevel has a recess protruding into the bevel.

Fig.9 gives an idea of the state of the pole plates when they approach each other when viewed from the side, and Fig.10 shows the state of the magnetic pole plates during the period when the poles diverge to the maximum distance also when viewed from the side.

The rectilinear sections of the stator protruding beyond the end plates are also the place of application of external forces. One of the sections is attached, for example, to the side member (not shown) of the vehicle. The second section is attached to the suspension element of the vehicle, making a reciprocating motion with respect to the said spar. The mount depends on the design parameters of the suspension.

The generating winding 6 (Fig. 11) is connected to the input of a half-wave rectifier bridge 18, the output of which is a receiver of electrical energy. The magnetization winding 5 is connected to the output of the DC network. The circuit also uses a reverse diode 19, which is included in the power supply circuit of the magnetizing winding and prevents excessive current consumption from the network.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the generator comprises a magnetized insert 20 (Fig. 12) made of hard magnetic material.

Induction electric generator with a flexible stator operates as follows. During the movement of the vehicle, some elements of its suspension make a reciprocating motion relative to each other. Such elements can be springs, shock absorbers, etc. To drive a flexible generator, one protruding part of the rectilinear section, for example, 3 (Figs. 1, 4, 12) must be connected with the fixed element of the spring or shock absorber, and the second protruding part of the stator, for example , 4 to connect with the moving reciprocating structural element of the same shock absorber or spring. The generator body itself is not attached to anything and is freely located in space. When exposed to the protruding parts of the rectilinear sections of the stator 10, 11 with alternating force, the latter come into motion, bending the stator in the region of the arc 3, forcing the poles 8 and 9 to approach, or move away from each other. Due to the residual magnetization or due to the permanent magnet 16 in the stator 1 (Fig) magnetic field "f" is maintained. When the gap changes, the magnetic field strength changes, then increases, then decreases. This leads to a change in induction and, consequently, to a change in the magnetic flux f. In accordance with the Maxwell formula in the winding of the armature 7 there is an electromotive force (EMF) "e":

where w is the number of turns in the winding 6, df / dt is the change in magnetic flux df during dt.

.As is known, the magnitude of the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit depends on the size of the air gap δ, which can be represented as the ratio φ = f (δ). Then formula 1 can be rewritten as

.

If the magnetic poles are made according to FIGS. 5, 6 or 7, 8, then the law of variation of the magnetic flux will be more complex, since in areas of ferromagnetic material the magnitude of the magnetic flux "f" also depends on the thickness "h" of this ferromagnetic material, through which flow passes, i.e.

.

.

Thus, the total function of the dependence of the magnetic field on the gap (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) will have the form:

.

.

With certain geometric dimensions of the gap, lateral bevels of the recess, the surface and thickness of the shank (FIGS. 5, 6), it is possible to ensure a magnetic flux and, therefore, EMF dependence on the gap close to linear, which increases the functional properties of the generator. The resulting EMF variable after rectifier 18 (Fig. 11) enters the on-board network, which can be used as a battery. Due to the generated EMF, a current appears in the excitation winding 6, which leads to an increase in magnetic flux in the stator 1. Self-excitation contributes to an increase in the EMF until the stator iron is saturated. Then the autonomous power supply from the generator goes to a constant mode.

In order not to damage the pole pieces, it is necessary to determine in advance the minimum allowable change in the clearance between the surfaces of the poles so as not to get a collision between them.

If the poles 8, 9 (figure 10) are made of magnetodielectric, then this simplifies the technology of their manufacture, which expands the possibilities for designers.

If the poles 6, 9 are made of strips of magnetically soft material coated with varnish, and the strips of poles face the sides of the strips of the magnetic system, this makes it possible to simplify the manufacturing process of the generator, while the cross-sectional area of the poles should be equal to or greater than the area sections of the magnetic system 3, 4.

It is desirable that at the moment of the closest approach of the poles 8, 9, the gap between them is minimal, which allows you to vary the magnitude of the magnetic flux from a maximum to a certain minimum in the process of changing the gap between the poles.

The implementation of the poles in the form of pole plates, in which one pole plate has a rectangular shank 10 (Fig.5, 6), which is included inside another pole plate 8, in which there is a recess 13 corresponding to the shank, allows you to increase the voltage variation range during oscillations of the generator magnetic system . This is also facilitated by the bevels 14, the height of which is slightly less than the height of the shank 10.

The implementation of the poles in the form of pole plates, the inner adjacent surfaces of which are parallel to each other, and the gap passes between the plates, along their surface 15, 16 (Fig.7, 8) through the axis of symmetry of the movement of the poles, in which each plate has an external lateral bevel with a recess , which extends into the bevel, tapering towards the end of the lining, expands the possibilities of the designer when designing such a generator and allows linearizing the nature of the voltage change during oscillations of the generator’s magnetic system.

The advantage of this device lies in the fact that on its basis it is possible to produce simple and reliable generators of the vehicle’s own needs, which use the gratuitous vibration energy of shock absorbing suspensions. This device can be used in any transport systems that use the hull damping system and will help increase energy capabilities in the vehicle.

Claims (6)

1. Inductive electric generator with a flexible stator, containing an oscillation source, a magnetization source, a magnetic system of poles facing each other and an electric energy receiver, characterized in that the magnetic system consists of strips made of a material having ferromagnetic properties, curved in the form arcs and capable of bending in the region of the arc, with straight sections with equal lengths that are a continuation of the mentioned arc, strips are varnished on both sides, in straight sections, At the moment of the closest approach of the poles, the gap between them is made minimal, the electric energy receiver and magnetization source are located on the linear part of the magnetic system. 2. The inductor generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetization source is made of magnetized hard magnetic material. 3. The inductor generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are made in the form of pole plates, from a packet of strips of soft magnetic material coated on both sides with varnish, the packet of strips facing the sides of the strips of the magnetic system and contain an opening worn on the strips of the magnetic system, so that the ends of the strips of the magnetic system extend beyond the poles, the cross-sectional area of the poles is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic system, the adjacent surfaces of the poles are beveled at an angle so that when completely bent Olos, wherein the gap becomes close to zero, these surfaces were parallel. 4. The inductor generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are made of magnetodielectric. 5. The inductor generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are made in the form of pole plates, one pole plate has a rectangular shank that fits inside the other pole plate, for this there is a recess in the other pole plate corresponding to the shaft, and the shaft is included in a recess with a gap extending between the inner lateral edges of the recess and the inner surface of the recess and the surfaces of the shank, bevels are made on the outer sides of the lateral edges of the lining with recesses, expanding toward the base edges, the height of the edges is slightly less than the height of the shank. 6. The inductor generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are made in the form of pole plates, the inner adjacent surfaces of which are parallel to each other, and the gap passes between the plates, along their surface through the axis of symmetry of the movement of the poles, with each plate has an external lateral bevel, the height of which is equal to the distance of the pole, and tapering to the end of the lining, and the bevel has a recess protruding into the bevel.

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