RU2468491C1 - Device for generating electric energy at mechanical vibrations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device consists of two induction coils made from ferromagnetic material and separated with a gap. Each induction coil consists of core 1 and side rods 2 located symmetrically in relation to the core and having together with them common base 3. When in still state, induction coils are situated on one axis symmetrically in relation to the gap. Section area of core 1 is equal to total surface area of side rods 2. Core of each induction coil is equipped with tip 5 and excitation winding 4, which expand towards the rods. Side rods 2 are equipped with power windings 6.

EFFECT: generation of electric current owing to using vibration process between two elements located near each other.

8 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to devices for generating electrical energy from two adjacent elements during their mechanical oscillatory motion relative to each other, and can be used, in particular, to generate energy during the movement of trains due to periodic forced oscillatory motion wagons.

A device for producing electrical energy by oscillating mechanical elements is known, consisting of a magnetic system with electric windings and a movable armature, described in the patent (RU 2292106 C1, 01.20.2007).

The known device contains a housing, at the ends of which are permanent magnets. A movable magnetic core and an additional movable permanent magnet are mounted inside the housing with a gap and the ability to move between the edge permanent magnetic elements.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it has a complex structure and cannot be used to generate energy when, for example, train cars are oscillating relative to each other.

Closer and adopted as a prototype is a device for generating electrical energy during mechanical vibrations described in patent RU 2368056 C1, 09/20/09.

The known device contains a source of oscillation, a power source, a magnetic system of facing each other magnetic cores with electric windings, diode rectifiers and a receiver of electrical energy.

The known device is designed to convert oscillations that occur between adjacent elements, such as train cars, into electrical energy.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it has a complex structure, which does not contribute to its widespread use, in particular, in transport.

As you know, the movement of rail rolling stocks cannot do without control, which requires electric energy, which is also used for the own needs of cars and the train as a whole.

The objective of the invention is to provide the ability to generate electric current through the use of an oscillatory process between two adjacent elements, in particular train cars.

An object of the invention is to develop a device for the direct conversion of the oscillatory movement of mechanical elements located close to each other, in particular train cars, into electrical energy of sufficient magnitude, which can be used to organize and control the movement of railway vehicles, for example, power supply for cars, signaling system etc.

An additional technical task is to increase the conversion efficiency and increase its reliability. In addition, the proposed device will help to reduce dynamic loads on the composition, due to some damping effect.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for generating electrical energy during mechanical oscillation of various elements relative to each other, containing an oscillation source, a power source, a magnetic system of facing each other magnetic cores with electric windings, diode rectifiers and an electric energy receiver, according to According to the invention, the magnetic system consists of two inductors made of ferromagnetic material, separated by a gap, each inductor is made in the form of a of the neutral core and side rods symmetrically in relation to the core and having a common base with it, the inductors are mounted on the elements oscillating relative to each other so that in a calm and deviating state they are on the same axis, symmetrical with respect to the gap separating them moreover, the cores are equipped with field windings, connected in accordance with and receiving power from the DC circuit, and the side rods are equipped with power windings included in the circuit of internal railway through rectifiers.

The cross-sectional area of the core may be equal to the total area of the side rods.

The cross section of the cores and rods can be in the form of rectangles, and the side rods are placed on both sides of the core on a line coinciding with the direction of oscillation, the cores are equipped with tips expanding to the sides of the rods, and the surfaces of the ends of the rods may have a bulge whose chord coincides with the direction of movement.

The cores and side rods can be made in the form of cylinders, the rods are installed around the core, and the cores are equipped with a tip, which can be made in the form of a diverging cone, and the ends of the rods can have a hemispherical surface.

The cross section of the side rods can be made in the form of ovals, the large axes of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the oval.

The cross-section of the side rods can be made in the form of rectangles, the large sides of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the rectangle.

The core and side rods can be made of a thin, varnished wire extending longitudinally to the magnetic flux, and some of the longitudinal threads of the wire can be made of hard magnetic material.

The core winding can be connected to the receiver of electrical energy through rectifiers installed at the output of the power windings of the rods.

The implementation of the magnetic system in the form of two inductors mounted on elements that vibrate and separated by a gap in which each inductor is made in the form of a core and side rods located symmetrically with respect to the core and having a common base with it, allows you to create a simple in design and not having moving parts a generator that converts mechanical vibrations into electrical energy.

If the cross-sectional area of the core is equal to the total area of the side rods, then with the displacement of the inductors relative to each other, the magnetic field of the core will go towards the flow of the side rod, which will increase the number of harmonic components in the total emf and thus increase the output of electricity. The presence of a core equipped with an expanding tip or made in the form of a diverging cone also leads to an increase in the energy generated by the device due to an increase in voltage at high oscillation amplitudes.

The execution of the cross section of the core and the rods in the form of rectangles and the location of the side rods on both sides of the core on a line coinciding with the deviation is used if the vibrations occur along one line.

The convexity of the surface of the ends of the rods with a chord coinciding with the direction of motion increases the sensitivity of the system when the inductors move with respect to each other.

The cross-section of the cores and side rods in the form of cylinders and the installation of rods around the cores is used if there is a complex oscillatory process with an uncertain direction of movement, for example, as it happens between train cars.

The cross-section of the side rods in the form of ovals, the large axes of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the oval, is advisable for small amplitudes of vibration.

The execution of the side rods in the form of rectangles, the large sides of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the rectangle, is advisable to simplify the design of the inductors.

The implementation of the core and side rods of a thin, varnished wire allows us to simplify the manufacturing technology of inductors, especially if they have a complex spatial configuration, and reduce losses in steel.

The introduction into the body of the magnetic circuit of longitudinal threads of wire made of hard magnetic material can reduce the energy consumption for magnetization of the system and provide an autonomous mode of operation of the device.

The power supply of the core winding through rectifiers installed at the output of the power windings of the rods also ensures the autonomy of the generator when an oscillation process occurs.

The claimed invention is illustrated by 8 figures.

Figure 1 shows the basic design of the device in a flat design, side view.

Figure 2 shows a second projection of the magnetic circuit of figure 1, front view.

Figure 3 shows a fragment of the mounting of the magnetic circuit to the oscillating element.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the core windings and the side rods.

Figure 5 shows the basic design of the magnetic circuit with a cylindrical core and cylindrical side rods, side view.

Fig.6 gives a view of the second projection related to Fig.5, front view.

Figure 7 shows one of the side rods in the form of an oval in relation to a cylindrical magnetic circuit.

On Fig drawn one of the side rods in the form of a rectangle in relation to a cylindrical magnetic circuit.

A device for generating electrical energy during mechanical vibrations consists of two inductors made of a ferromagnetic material, separated by a gap (not indicated). Each inductor consists of a core 1 (FIGS. 1, 2) and side rods 2 located symmetrically with respect to the core and having a common base with it 3. In a quiet state and in the absence of bias, the inductors are on the same axis, symmetrical with respect to the gap. The designations of the positions of each inductor are the same, but the numbers of one of them differ by the presence of a stroke. The cross-sectional area of the core 1 is equal to the total area of the side rods 2. The thickness of the side rods 2 is equal to or less than the amplitude of the vibrations. The core of each inductor is equipped with an excitation winding 4 and a tip 5 expanding towards the rods. The side rods 2 are equipped with power windings 6.

The cross section of the cores and rods has the shape of a rectangle, and the surfaces of the ends of the rods may have a bulge (not shown), the chord of which coincides with the direction of movement.

Inductors are installed on the elements 7 (figure 3), oscillating relative to each other. To ensure fastening to the end surfaces of the base 3 of the inductors using self-tapping screws (not indicated), a pallet 8 is attached so that the edges of the pallets protrude beyond the dimensions of the inductors. Between the pallet and the surface of the element 7 is a spring gasket 9 made, for example, of polyurethane foam. Elements 7 and the pallet 8 are fastened together by bolts 10 with a nut 10a. The cylindrical part of the bolts 10 between the surface of the pallet 8 and the surface of the element 7 is provided with a cylindrical compression spring (not indicated).

Both excitation windings 4 of the inductors are switched on according to and supplied with power from a direct current circuit, which is formed by power windings 6 connected to an internal circuit through single-phase, half-wave bridge rectifiers 11 (Fig. 4). All rectifiers of power windings are connected in series.

In practice, one of the inductors, which oscillates, may be devoid of windings. Moreover, all these windings are located on the second inductor, which is stationary.

The core 1 and the side rods 2 can be made in the form of cylinders (figure 5, 6). The rods 2 are mounted around the core 1 around the circumference and have a common base 3. The core is equipped with a tip 5 made in the form of a diverging cone, and the ends of the rods may have a hemispherical surface (not shown).

The cross-sectional area of the core 1 is equal to the total area of the side rods 2. The core of each inductor is equipped with an excitation winding 4. The side rods 2 are equipped with power windings 6. Installation of the inductors on the movable elements is carried out similarly to FIG. 3. Field windings and power windings are connected in the same way as in figure 4.

Elements for accommodating inductors can serve, for example, end facing each other surface of the cars. In a quiet state, the inductors are symmetrical with respect to the gap separating them and on the same axis.

The cross-section of the side rods can be made in the form of ovals (Fig.7), the large axis of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the oval.

The cross section of the side rods may be in the form of rectangles (Fig. 8), the large sides of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the rectangle.

The core 1 and the side rods 2 can be made of thin, varnished wire passing longitudinally to the magnetic flux. Part of the threads of this wire is made of hard magnetic material. The inductors obtained in this way must be impregnated with resin and maintained at a certain temperature until the resin solidifies completely.

A device for generating electrical energy during mechanical vibrations acts as follows. Inductors made according to figures 1, 2, are used if mechanical vibrations occur along one line passing along the axis of the inductor from one side rod, through the core and the second side rod. In the process of oscillation of the mechanical elements 7 relative to each other, the inductors attached to them will make reciprocating movements that will cause a change in the values of the gaps between the side rods directed towards each other. In this case, there is a complex nature of the change in the magnetic flux, which is also determined by their location relative to each other. In particular, if the lateral rod is located between the opposite rod and the opposite core, then part of the magnetic flux generated by the core will be closed along the tip of the rod, bypassing the center of the winding 6, which causes additional changes in the magnetic flux in the power windings. In addition, since the magnetizing current of the core depends on the current of the power windings, a change in this current will lead to additional fluctuations in the flow passing through the centers of the power windings 6. Tip 5 contributes to this change. Moreover, if the amplitude of the oscillations exceeds the thickness of the rod, then one of them moving inward, i.e. in the direction to the axis of the core, will at some point be located in the magnetic field of core 1, which means a change in the direction of flow in it relative to the original. Then, when moving in the opposite direction, the opposite side rod will take the same position. With any changes in the magnetic field Φ in the windings 6, according to Maxwell's law, an emf will be generated e in accordance with the formula:

e = -w × dF / dt,

where w is the number of turns of the corresponding winding, dФ / dt is the change in the magnetic field passing through the axis of the power windings 6. After rectification in the rectifiers 11, a small part of the direct current enters the magnetizing excitation winding 5, as a result of which its magnetic flux is amplified. The voltage increases at the output of the rectifiers. The emf thus obtained at the output of the rectifiers can be used as a source of electrical energy. This energy is supplied either to the battery or to the auxiliary supply circuit. The presence of filaments of hard magnetic material will provide the initial magnetic flux at the beginning of the oscillatory process.

Inductors made according to figure 5, 6, are used if there are more complex spatial vibrations of the elements 7 relative to each other. In particular, during the movement of trains, the train cars, as a result of static and dynamic action of wheels with rails, perform vertical, transverse and partially counter vibrations. In the process of all these oscillations, the gaps between the inductors will vary according to a complex law. Any of these changes, regardless of direction, will lead to variations in the magnetic fields between the rods 2. These changes will ensure the appearance of 6 emfs in the windings. and the supply of direct current to the system from rectifiers. Possible collisions of the inductors are quenched in gaskets made of polyurethane foam 9. The generated power will be determined by the overall dimensions of the inductors, the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. In this case, a system of inductors that can be placed in several places between two cars will lead to some damping of vibrations.

The cross section of the side rods in the form of ovals (Fig.7), the large axes of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the oval, it is advisable with small amplitudes of oscillations.

The cross section of the side rods in the form of rectangles (Fig), the large sides of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the rectangle, it is advisable to simplify the design of the inductors.

A feature of the device is that there are no additional moving kinematic links in the power generation system, which contributes to the high efficiency of the system and its high reliability.

From practice it is known that when the rolling stock moves, the amplitude of the oscillations between the cars can reach 5 mm or more. Calculations show that in this case the magnetic flux changes several times. In the power windings a variable emf is generated, the value of which is determined by calculation. The power of the generator organized in this way can be 500 or more VA. After rectification and transformation, the received energy can be used to power the traffic control and regulation systems. At the same time, there is a reduction in losses during the transfer of energy to control systems, and the reliability and safety of railway transport communications are increased.

Technical and economic advantages of the device:

1. The absence of moving elements in the system of inductors, which increases its reliability.

2. The simplicity of the design, which ensures its relatively low cost.

3. Easy to mount on vibrating surfaces.

4. Autonomy of work.

5. A wide range of applications.

6. High efficiency due to reduced eddy currents.

Claims (8)

1. A device for generating electrical energy during mechanical oscillation of various elements relative to each other, containing a source of oscillation, a power source, a magnetic system of facing each other magnetic cores with electric windings, diode rectifiers and an electric energy receiver, characterized in that the magnetic system consists of made of ferromagnetic material of two inductors separated by a gap, each inductor is made in the form of a central core and side rods located symmetrically with respect to the core and having a common base with it, the inductors are mounted on elements oscillating with respect to each other so that in a calm and deviating state they are on the same axis, symmetrically with respect to the gap separating them, and the cores are equipped with excitation windings connected according to and receiving power from a direct current circuit, and the side rods are equipped with power windings included in the internal circuit through rectifiers. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the core is equal to the total area of the side rods. 3. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the cores and rods is in the form of rectangles, and the side rods are placed on both sides of the core on a line coinciding with the direction of oscillation, the cores are equipped with tips expanding to the sides of the rods, and the surfaces of the ends of the rods may have a bulge whose chord coincides with the direction of movement. 4. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cores and side rods are made in the form of cylinders, the rods are installed around the core, and the cores are equipped with a tip, which is made in the form of a diverging cone, and the ends of the rods have a hemispherical surface . 5. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the side rods is made in the form of ovals, the large axes of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the oval. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross-section of the side rods is made in the form of rectangles, the large sides of which are perpendicular to the axis passing from the center of the core to the center of the rectangle. 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the core and side rods are made of thin varnished wire extending longitudinally to the magnetic flux, and part of the longitudinal wires of the wire is made of hard magnetic material. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the core winding is connected to the electric energy receiver through rectifiers installed at the output of the power windings of the rods.

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