RU2545467C1 - Method of actuating mechanical clocks, apparatus for automatic actuation of clock mechanism, clock mechanism having apparatus for automatic actuation of clock mechanism, mechanical clock having apparatus for automatic actuation of clock mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: in the method of actuating movable elements of a clock mechanism of a mechanical clock, the clock mechanism is actuated using a thermal engine configured to convert temperature difference in space into movement of movable elements of the clock mechanism. The apparatus for automatic actuation of movable elements of a clock mechanism comprises a thermal engine configured to convert temperature difference at two different points in space or on surfaces or on the surface and space into movement of the clock mechanism.

EFFECT: facilitating automatic winding and unwinding of a motor of a clock mechanism without external action of a user by using temperature difference of different areas in space, high accuracy, reliability and longevity of the clock mechanism, high power of automatic winding and unwinding and enabling use of additional devices in clocks as drives.

37 cl, 21 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of watch industry and can be used in the manufacture of mechanical watches with automatic drive with the possibility of obtaining the energy of movement of the clock mechanism from the temperature difference of different regions of space.

State of the art

Currently common mechanical watches usually contain: a spring motor based on a spiral spring; mechanism of the factory and the translation of the hands (in the language of watchmakers - repair); trigger (in the language of watchmakers - descent, stroke), which converts continuous rotational motion into oscillatory or reciprocating motion; oscillatory system in the form of a pendulum or a balancer (balance); a system of gears or gears connecting the spring motor and the trigger mechanism (in the language of watchmakers - engraving); dial mechanism and dial [1].

A coil spring-based spring motor is typically a coil spring attached to a shaft, housed in a cylindrical drum with a serrated edge. Spinning around the axis, the spiral spring rotates the drum (inside which it is located), and its toothed edge through it the wheel system, the trigger mechanism and the regulator set in motion the switch mechanism. When winding the watch, rotating the crown through the gears rotates the shaft connected to the spring, onto which, spiraling, the coil spring is wound [1].

The main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. Each coil spring during its unwinding changes its drive force. To eliminate this drawback, various methods have been and are being applied: the exception in the work of the spring of its initial and final phases by using cam mechanisms, of which the Maltese mechanism, ring-shaped and finger cam mechanisms are most known.

The variability of the drive force can also be limited by lengthening the spring and increasing the supply of its energy. However, the extension of the spring is due to its thickness, which requires an increase in its size, and thin springs require special alloys that better withstand the load and fatigue, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture, see, for example, [2].

Thus, the main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spiral spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. In addition, the accuracy of a mechanical watch depends on many other factors, such as temperature, position of the watch, wear of parts and others. Therefore, for mechanical watches, discrepancy with the exact time of 15-45 seconds per day is considered normal, and the best result is 4-5 seconds per day.

At present, for example, in watches, mechanical watches with automatic winding of a spring (with automatic winding) are widely used. Automatic watches are more accurate, since the spring energy remains almost constant during the day, which leads to a constant value of the pulse transmitted to the regulator-balance [3].

The automatic winding mechanisms differ in their design features, but all known designs have an inertial sector, or a moving load, which, when the clock rotates, turns or swings around its axis and, through gravity, transfers additional energy to the engine spring. The inertial sector usually has a sufficiently large weight in order to overcome the resistance force of the winding spring, therefore its fastening to the watch mechanism must be strong and reliable enough.

In well-known watches with self-winding automatic winding, the spring should be wound up when the inertial sector turns in any direction. If the spring is started only when the inertial sector is turned in one direction, this leads to the fact that the spring is not fully recharged and the watch stops. The automatic winding sector of a watch rotates with any movements of a person’s hand, regardless of how much the watch’s spring is wound. In order to prevent the spring from breaking due to excessive overvoltage, it usually has a friction fastening to the drum, by which, having reached its maximum value, the spring slips in the drum for two to three turns, which allows the automatic winding to constantly work and avoid breaking it.

Automatic watches usually have a metal load fixed to the axis, usually made in the form of a sector. The center of gravity of the sector is shifted to the edge, and with any movements of the hand, it rotates around the axis, opening the clock spring through the gear system. So that the sector can overcome the resistance of the spring and start the watch, it must have a lot of inertia. Therefore, the sector is usually made of two parts: a thin light upper plate and a half ring of heavy tungsten alloy. They try to make the diameter of the sector as possible.

It is believed that for a fully automatic winding of the spring, a self-winding watch must be worn with movements of about 8 hours.

The main advantage of self-winding watches is that they do not need to be wound daily. At the same time, the sector constantly maintains the spring in tension close to the complete plant, which allows to achieve better accuracy. The second advantage is waterproof. The crown of the crown is one of the most vulnerable places in watches in terms of water protection. A self-winding watch has higher water resistance, as The crown is almost never used, which means that moisture and dirt are less likely to get inside.

The disadvantages of the automatic winding mechanisms are significant weight, structural complexity and an increased likelihood of breakdowns. Famous self-winding watches are thicker and heavier than ordinary ones. The need for a large sector limits the use of automatic winding in women's watches. The complication of the mechanism and the use of cargo from a rather expensive tungsten increases the cost of hours. In addition, the well-known automatic watch is very sensitive to shock. It happens that with strong impacts under the weight of the cargo sector, its supports break.

Also, automatic winding mechanisms (“automatic” plants) are known in which a swinging unbalanced load (cargo sector) twists (plant) the spring of a spring motor, in which an unbalanced load (rotor) is rigidly connected to the tribe and moves freely on the axis in both directions or in which tribe is constantly coupled to the gear wheel of the freewheel. Depending on the direction of rotation of the cargo sector, the gear gets rotation in the same direction and the spring is twisted [4].

A known automatic winding mechanism in the form of an inertial mass moving with a change of hours, characterized in that in order to be able to use the automatic winding in combination with any basic element without thickening, a heavy half ring is used, placed around the perimeter of the mechanism inside the case ring and held in the ring with three clips. In order to transfer the rotation of the load to the spring’s winding shaft, the inertial load is provided with a ring, the inner surface of which is made corrugated to interact with the roller mounted on the end of the lever equipped with a dog for ratchet movement on the winding shaft [5].

Known self-winding mechanisms can only be used in a portable watch, for example, a wrist watch, in which, under operating conditions, the oscillating movement of the rotor may occur. In addition, the main drawbacks of all known automatic winding mechanical watches for the automatic winding mechanism to function properly is the need for an active mobile lifestyle of the watch user.

The Atmos desk clock with a torsion pendulum, manufactured by Jaeger-le Coultre (Switzerland) and operating from changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure over time, is known [6].

The source of energy that supports the oscillation of the pendulum in this watch is the temperature difference in the air in the apartment or office. A temperature difference of 1 ° ensures the functioning of the watch for 2 days. The watch operates with a high degree of accuracy of the order of 1 s per day. In the absence of fluctuations in ambient temperature for 2 days (which is unlikely), the watch operates autonomously for 100 days due to the energy reserve of the winding spring enclosed in the drum.

Fluctuations in temperature serve as the energy of the spring winding, which operates in a short interval of a gentle curve of the moment, thereby ensuring high stability of the amplitude of oscillations and a high degree of accuracy.

To use fluctuations in air temperature at the winding of the spring, a special chemical substance C ₂ H ₅ Cl - ethyl chloride is used. Ethyl chloride vapors create a pressure equal to about atmospheric at a temperature of + 12 ° С, at a temperature of + 27 ° С the vapor pressure is maximum, i.e. watches work in a wide range of temperatures.

Ethyl chloride is placed in a sealed metal casing in the form of a short cylinder. Ethyl chloride fills the inner annular projections in the housing. With increasing temperature, the ethyl vapor expands and presses on the annular protrusions. The latter expand like furs. The movement of the annular protrusions is transmitted to the chain, which is attached to the spring at one end and to the ratchet device at the other end, which carries out the direct winding of the spring in the drum.

As the temperature decreases, the annular protrusions are compressed. Due to the temperature difference and the movement of ring protrusions to one side or the other, and with them the springs and chains, the spring is rewound in the drum.

To control the period of oscillation of the pendulum, there is a head, the full revolution of which corresponds to a change in the oscillation period by 10 s per day. The clock is adjustable with an accuracy of 1 s per day. The watch works only in a stationary position, sensitive to vibrations. They are equipped with a water level and three installation racks, of which one is stationary, and the other two are adjustable in height. To carry the clock, the pendulum is blocked by a special device.

The disadvantage of this watch, in particular its automatic drive mechanism, is that this watch only works in a stationary position, as use of watches as portable is not allowed. Since the energy received from changes in pressure and temperature is very small in time - as a result of a very long oscillation period - under the influence of external influences - as a rule, they have a very sophisticated adjustment system to ensure high accuracy. In addition, they require painstaking and precise adjustment to ensure that the position of the torsion pendulum is strictly perpendicular to the Earth's plane.

Also known from the prior art are watches in which the energy of the spring winding is the fluctuation of air pressure [7]. A known device for the pneumatic winding of a spring motor of a watch comprises a pneumatic motor connected through a drive system to a spring-shaft of a spring motor, which is equipped with a trigger and an amplifier connected in series, the output of which is connected to a pneumatic motor, and the trigger outputs via the directional switches with a drive system made in the form of a running gear a screw with a nut, one side of which is fixed against rotation, and the other is made in the form of a flap for switching the limit switches, and will complement flax is provided with series connected alarm system and gate "NOR", whose input is connected through a directional switch with shutter [10].

The disadvantage of this device for the pneumatic winding of the spring motor of the watch is the inability to use the energy of the temperature difference.

Summarizing the foregoing, we can conclude that to date, there are no known mechanisms for the automatic drive of watches used both in wrist watches and in any other types of mechanical watches (wall, fireplace, tower, etc.) operating on the basis of a closed thermodynamic cycle in which cyclic compression and expansion processes occur at different temperature levels, and the flow of the working fluid is controlled by changing its volume.

Tasks and technical result

The objective of the invention is to develop and implement the design of watches and clockworks with automatic winding and winding the clock engine to produce energy for the plant and winding the clock from the temperature difference of different areas of space.

The technical result obtained by using the invention is to provide automatic winding and winding of the clockwork engine in the absence of external user influence by using the temperature difference of different areas of space. In addition, the technical result of the invention is also to increase the accuracy, reliability and durability of the clock mechanism through the use of an automatic drive mechanism based on the use of a heat engine. In addition, the invention ensures the achievement of a technical result, which consists in increasing the power of automatic winding and the possibility of using additional devices in hours as a drive.

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved in that the device for automatically driving the movable elements of the clockwork is characterized in that it contains a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space either on the surfaces or on the surface and space in the movement of the clockwork. In this case, the heat engine is made in the form of a Stirling heat engine of gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type.

A device for automatically driving a clockwork can be configured to

automatic winding or winding the watch mechanism;

automatic winding or winding of the spring engine of the watch mechanism;

automatic driving of the gear and / or trigger regulator of the clock;

use as a cooler the sides of the watch case or the side of the dial, as a heat receiver (heater) of the back of the watch or the back cover or part of the back cover of the watch case with heat-insulating material located between them with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity;

use as a cooler the back of the watch, which can be in contact with a space or surface where the temperature is lower than the temperature of the surface or space in contact with the front (front) surface of the watch, that is, the cooler is the back and the heater is the front of the watch;

use as a cooler of the watch mechanism, moving parts of the watch mechanism or a flywheel in the form of an impeller;

using fins, grooves or additional cooling elements on the watch case as a cooler;

use as a cooler a contact surface or space;

use, as a heater in contact with a surface or space with a higher temperature, the back of the watch made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys;

use as an heater in contact with a surface or space with a higher temperature, the back of the watch, made ergonomic shape;

use as a heater in contact with a surface or space with a higher temperature, the front (front) of the watch, made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys ;

use as an heater in contact with a surface or space with a higher temperature, the front of the watch, made ergonomic shape;

heating from the sun or with the possibility of creating a temperature difference using the energy of the sun;

heating using heat generated by electronics, light sources, heating systems, heating systems, etc .;

cooling the heat engine is possible from a surface, such as glass, a wall, or from the environment.

functioning together with an additional source of movement energy, for example, with a self-winding mechanism, or with a manual winding mechanism;

use as a working fluid of gas - air, hydrogen, helium, acetone vapor, alcohol or other chemical compounds;

with the ability to drive a watch with a basic commercially available watch mechanism, both in the usual version and with additional refinement, for example, with the frictional external end of the clockwork spring, to provide a "endless winding" of the watch mechanism spring.

In this case, the automatic drive of the clock mechanism can be made with a forced initial start-up mechanism with the possibility of joint operation with other engines or with the possibility of converting the movement (rotational, reciprocating) coming from the heat engine into rotation of the clockwork shaft or drum shaft of the clock mechanism.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the invention is also achieved by the fact that the clock mechanism for driving the pointer or time indicators contains at least one movable and at least one fixed elements and a device for automatically driving these movable elements. Thus, the clock mechanism, in fact, contains a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference in space either on the surfaces, or on the surface and space into the movement of the clock mechanism. In this case, the engine can be made in the form of a Stirling heat engine of gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type.

In this case, the watch mechanism with an automatic drive may contain the automatic drive of the watch mechanism described above.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the invention is also achieved by the fact that a mechanical watch comprising a case and a clock mechanism for driving a pointer or time indicators, contain at least one movable and at least one fixed elements and a device for automatic casting into the movement of these moving elements. In this case, the engine can be made in the form of a Stirling heat engine of gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type.

At the same time, a mechanical watch with an automatic drive contains the automatic drive of a mechanical watch described above or contains a watch mechanism with an automatic drive described above.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the invention is also achieved by the fact that by the method of driving the moving elements of the clock mechanism of a mechanical clock, a heat engine is used to move the clock mechanism, made with the possibility of converting the temperature difference in space into the movement of the moving elements of the clock mechanism . In this case, the engine can be made in the form of a Stirling heat engine of gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type. Moreover, it is also configured to provide automatic winding or winding of the clockwork engine;

automatic winding or winding of the spring-loaded engine of the clockwork;

automatic driving of the gear and / or trigger regulator of the clockwork.

In this case, the front part of the watch (which includes the sides of the watch case, the side of the dial) is used as a cooler (or heat sink) of the heat engine, and the back part of the watch (where the back cover or part of the back cover of the watch case is used) is used as a heat sink (cooler) heat-insulating material located between them with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity) or as a cooler for a heat engine, use a clockwork or individual moving parts of a clockwork or swings ir in the form of an impeller.

To intensify the cooling of the heat engine, fins, grooves or additional cooling elements can be made on the watch case.

To intensify the heating of a heat engine in contact with a surface or space where the temperature is higher or lower, the watch case part can be made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys or part of the watch case can be made ergonomically shaped.

In this case, the heat engine is performed with the possibility of heating from the Sun or with the possibility of creating a temperature difference by positioning the heater to the Sun or another source of external heat.

The heat engine can also be configured to use the heat generated by the electronics, light sources, heating systems, heating systems, and the like.

In addition, the heat engine may be configured to cool from a surface, such as, for example, glass, a wall, or from the environment.

In this case, the heat engine is configured to

functioning in conjunction with additional energy sources of movement of the clock mechanism, for example with a self-winding mechanism, or with a manual winding mechanism;

use as a working fluid of gas - air, hydrogen, helium, acetone vapor, alcohol or other chemical compounds;

a clock drive with a basic commercially available clock mechanism, both in the usual version and with additional refinement, for example, with the frictional external end of the clockwork spring, to ensure the spring has an “endless winding”. In this case, the heat engine is performed with a forced initial start mechanism and can simultaneously use several heat engines.

Key Terms and Definitions

In this application, terms and definitions are used having the following meanings:

A heat exchanger is the main part of the Stirling heat engine, designed to transfer temperature from a medium with a higher temperature to a medium with a lower temperature.

Crank mechanism - a device that allows you to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston in the rotational motion of the shaft.

Displacer, dispenser - one of the pistons of the Stirling engine, operating in conditions of high temperature drops and low pressure drops; as a rule, it has a small mass.

The heater is a Stirling engine heat exchanger, in which the process of transferring heat from the source to the working fluid of the engine is carried out.

The working piston is one of the pistons of the Stirling engine, operating under conditions of high pressure drops and low temperature drops.

The Stirling cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle consisting of two isothermal processes of compression and expansion and two isochoric regenerative processes.

The working fluid is a gas, liquid or vapor that periodically compresses or expands at appropriate temperatures in the working plane of the Stirling engine.

Trigger regulator - the trigger regulator of the clock mechanism is a device consisting of an oscillator that performs uniform oscillations and descent, converts the oscillations into time intervals of the actuator, while the energy supply to the oscillator to maintain its oscillation is regulated by the same descent.

The gear transmission (main wheel system) consists of gears, connects the engine with the trigger control and transmits the movement to the clock mechanism.

A mechanical accumulator (an energy source, a mechanical accumulator) is necessary for storing energy and activating and maintaining the action of the clock mechanism. Basically, the clock uses spring and weight-lifting engines. The spring motor accumulates the energy of the watch factory.

The switch mechanism is an actuator, as a rule, consists of a system of gears and transmits movement from the main wheel system to the arrows.

The mechanism of the winding and the movement of the hands allows you to manually start the spring motor and set the hands in the desired position. This mechanism may consist of a crown, a crown, a system of levers and gears.

An oscillator is a system that, when displaced from an equilibrium position, experiences the action of a restoring force proportional to the displacement. In watches, the oscillator, as a rule, is a pendulum or a balance-spiral system.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In the preferred, shown in the drawings, embodiments of the Stirling heat engine device for a watch, a clock mechanism with a Stirling engine, and a watch with a Stirling engine, the following structural elements are available:

1 - a working cylinder,

2 - the inner region of the working cylinder,

3 - piston of the working cylinder,

4 - heater-heat sink,

5 - cooler

6 - heat transfer cylinder,

7 - dispenser-displacer,

8 - wall of the heat transfer cylinder,

9 - rod dispenser,

10 - cooler sleeve,

11 - flywheel

12 - crank joint of the piston of the heat exchanger,

13 - crank joint of the working piston,

14 - crank joint of the heat exchange cylinder,

15 - crank

16 - connecting rod dispenser,

17 - connecting rod of the working cylinder,

18 - hinge axis of the working piston,

19 - the rod of the working piston,

20 - the hand of man

21 - legs of the body,

22 - case,

23 - case radiator,

24 - dial

25 - glass

26 - clockwork

27 minute hand

28 hour hand

29 - strap

30 - crown

31 - heat-conducting substrate of the strap,

32 - conical wheel of the flywheel shaft,

33 - bevel gear wheel,

34 - the first gear wheel,

35 - the second gear wheel,

36 - drum wheel

37 - drum shaft,

38 - a rack of fastening of a flywheel and a crank,

39 - output shaft of the Stirling engine,

40 - the first additional wheel,

41 - the second additional wheel,

42 - front cover

43 - bearing housing

44 - mount to a flat and smooth surface (suction cup),

45 - brick wall

46 - thermal insulation,

47 - water

48 - glass aquarium,

49 - lamp housing,

50 - light bulb

51 - means of fastening the watch to the surface (wall).

Figure 1 shows the structural and functional diagram of the simplest clock with a Stirling heat engine, without an energy accumulator, which shows the Stirling heat engine, trigger regulator, and a clock mechanism coupled by means of kinematic communication.

Figure 2 shows the structural and functional diagram of a clockwork with a Stirling heat engine, which shows the Stirling engine, a gear mechanism, a mechanical battery (spring motor, weight-lifting motor, pneumatic battery, clock drum, etc.) connected by means of kinematic communication. n.), gear, descent, oscillator, switch mechanism. The dashed line marks the functional blocks inherent in the usual standard clockwork.

Figure 3 shows the structural and functional diagram of a device with a clockwork with a Stirling heat engine, including a Stirling engine connected by means of kinematic communication, a transmission mechanism, a mechanical battery (spring engine, weight-lifting engine, pneumatic battery, clock drum and etc.), the mechanism of the factory and the transfer of arrows, switch mechanism, gear, descent and oscillator. The dashed line marks the functional blocks inherent in the usual standard clockwork.

Figure 4 shows the construction of a gamma-type Stirling heat engine in a possible layout for use in a watch mechanism, which shows: a working cylinder 1, an inner region of a working cylinder 2, a piston of a working cylinder 3, a heater-heat sink 4, a cooler 5, a heat exchange cylinder 6 , dispenser-displacer 7, walls of the heat-exchange cylinder 8, rod of the dispenser 9, cooler bushing 10, flywheel 11, crank joint of the piston of the heat exchanger 12, crank joint of the working piston 13, crank joint of the heat exchange cylinder 14, k ivoship 15 displeysera crank 16, connecting rod operating cylinder 17, the hinge axis 18 of the working piston, the working piston rod 19.

Figure 5 shows the 1st cycle of operation of the gamma-type Stirling engine — the compression cycle of the working fluid at a constant temperature: the dispenser 7 is located near the bottom dead center (BDC) and remains conditionally stationary. The gas is compressed by the working piston 3 of the small cylinder 1. The gas pressure increases, and the temperature remains constant, since the heat of compression is removed through the cold end of the heat exchange cylinder 5 into the environment. In this case, by conditional immobility is meant a small height of movement of the piston when the crank passes a distance near the top or bottom dead center.

Figure 6 shows the 2nd cycle of operation of the gamma-type Stirling engine - the cycle of heating the working fluid with a constant volume: the working piston 3 of the working cylinder 1 is located near the BDC and completely moves the cold compressed gas into the heat exchange cylinder 6, the displacer 7 of which moves to the top dead points (TDC) and displaces gas into a hot cavity. Since the total internal volume of the engine cylinders remains constant, the working fluid is heated, the pressure rises and reaches its maximum value. The pressure increase is parallel to the expulsion of the working piston 3. As a result, the pressure does not reach the theoretically calculated maximum. This fact also explains the good efficiency. at low engine speeds. The working fluid warms up better and the increase in pressure approaches its maximum.

Figure 7 shows the third cycle of operation of the gamma-type Stirling engine - expansion cycle at a constant gas temperature: the dispenser 7 of the heat exchange cylinder 6 is located near the top dead center (TDC) and remains conditionally stationary. The piston of the working cylinder 3 under the action of gas pressure moves to the top dead center. The hot gas expands in the cavity of the working cylinder 1. The useful work performed by the piston of the working cylinder 3 is transmitted through the crank mechanism to the crank 14 and the flywheel 11. The pressure in the engine cylinders drops, and the gas temperature in the hot cavity remains constant, so how heat is supplied to it from a heat source through the hot wall of the cylinder.

On Fig shows the fourth cycle of the Stirling engine gamma type - the cooling cycle at a constant volume: the piston of the working cylinder 3 is located near TDC and remains conditionally stationary. The dispenser 7 of the heat exchange cylinder moves to the BDC and moves the gas remaining in the hot part to the cold part of the cylinder. Since the total internal volume of the engine cylinders remains constant, the gas pressure in them continues to fall and reaches a minimum value. In models of engines containing a working fluid at atmospheric pressure, the fourth cycle is also working, since the pressure drops sharply and a short-term vacuum occurs. As a result, the working piston 3 is pulled with force into the cylinder 1, doing additional work. Of the four measures, two are workers.

Figure 9 shows a top view of the clock mechanism, which shows the working cylinder 1, cooler 5, cooler sleeve 10, flywheel 11, crank joint of heat transfer cylinder 14, crank 15, connecting rod of working cylinder 17, clockwork 26, bevel wheel of the flywheel shaft 32, the bevel gear wheel 33, the first gear wheel 34, the second gear wheel 35, the drum wheel 36, the drum shaft 37, the flywheel and crank mounting stand 38, the Stirling engine output shaft 39, the first additional wheel 40, the second additional wheel 41.

The mounting rack of the flywheel and crank 38 holds the shaft 39, on which the crank 15 and the flywheel 11 are mounted. The bevel wheel 32 is mounted on the shaft 39, which transmits rotation to the bevel wheel 33, turning the gear 90 degrees. Wheel 33 transmits rotation to a gear reducer, consisting of wheels 34 and 35, which reduce rotation speed and increase torque. The gear wheel 35 transmits the rotation to the drum wheel of the clock mechanism and drives the clockwork spring battery 37 of the clock mechanism 26 through it. The reversible wheels 40 and 41, used for the convenience of the arrangement, transmit rotation from the crank shaft to the output shaft of the engine 39.

Figure 10 shows a section of a watch case with a gamma-type Stirling engine in a possible layout for use in a watch mechanism of a watch, which shows: a working cylinder 1, a heater 4, a cooler 5, a flywheel 11, a person’s hand 20, legs of a case 21, a case 22, case radiator 23, dial 24, glass 25, clock mechanism 26, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, strap 29.

Figure 10 shows that the incoming heat from the hand of a person 20 enters the lid of the heater 4, and the housing 22 is connected to the cooler 5, and its radiator grooves additionally cool the housing to obtain an additional temperature gradient.

11 shows a side view of a wristwatch with a Stirling heat engine, which shows the watch case 22, paws of the watch case 21, strap 29, case radiator 23, crown 30, heater 4.

Fig. 12 shows a side view of a wristwatch with a Stirling heat engine performed with an ergonomic heater back cover that fits the wrist and contributes to better heat removal and a strap / bracelet with a heat-conducting substrate to increase the heat removal area. The strap / bracelet in this design is not attached to the watch case, but to the back cover. The drawing shows: the housing 22, the tabs of the housing 21, the strap 29, the radiator of the housing 23, the crown 30, the heater 4, the heat-conducting substrate of the strap 31.

On Fig shows a General view of a watch with a Stirling heat engine, which shows: case 22, crown 30, strap 29, dial 24, hour hand 28, minute hand 27.

On Fig shows a side view, in section, of the clock mounted on the wall, which shows the heater-heat sink 4, cooler 5, heat exchange cylinder 6, dispenser-displacer 7, front cover 42, bearing case 43, case radiator 23, dial 24 , glass 25, clockwork 26, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, brick wall 45, insulation 46.

On Fig shows a front view of the clock mounted on the wall, which shows the front cover 42, dial 24, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, brick wall 45.

On Fig shows a side view, in section, of a wall clock, which shows the heater-heat sink 4, cooler 5, heat exchange cylinder 6, displacer-displacer 7, front cover 42, bearing case 43, case 22, case radiator 23, dial 24 , glass 25, clockwork 26, minute hand 27, hour hand 28.

On Fig shows a front view of a wall clock, which shows the front cover 20, dial 24, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, brick wall 30, a means of attaching the clock to the surface (wall) 51.

On Fig shows a side view, in section, of the clock, fixed on a flat and smooth surface (glass), which shows the heater-heat sink 4, cooler 5, heat transfer cylinder 6, dispenser-displacer 7, front cover 42, bearing case 43, case 22, case radiator 23, dial 24, glass 25, clock mechanism 26, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, fastening to a flat and smooth surface (suction cup) 45.

On Fig shows a view of the clock, made as a whole with the aquarium, which shows the front cover 42, dial 24, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, water 47, the glass of the aquarium 48.

On Fig shows a side view, in section, of the watch, made as a whole with the aquarium, which shows the heater-heat sink 4, cooler 5, heat transfer cylinder 6, dispenser-displacer 7, front cover 20, the bearing housing 42, the housing 22, case radiator 23, dial 24, glass 25, clock mechanism 26, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, water 47, aquarium glass 48.

On Fig shows a view of the clock made on the lamp, which shows the front cover 42, dial 24, minute hand 27, hour hand 28, lamp housing 49, lamp 50.

The implementation of the invention

The design of the Stirling propulsion system is based on the principle of separation of hot and cold working cavities and the method by which the working fluid is directed from one cavity to another. The Stirling heat engine is a mechanism for converting the temperature difference into energy of mechanical motion, in particular in the rotation of the flywheel or the output shaft, coupled to the transmission mechanism.

The transmission mechanism converts the movement (rotational, reciprocating) coming from the Stirling engine into the rotation of the clockwork shaft or the shaft of the drum of the watch, as well as the well-known automatic watch winding mechanisms. All other elements of the kinematic scheme perform the same functions as in a conventional clockwork.

The clock mechanism can be basic, commercially available both as a standard version and with additional refinement, for example, the frictional external end of the winding spring, in order to provide a “endless winding” of the spring and prevent its breakage or overvoltage.

The Stirling heat engine is a heat engine in which a liquid or gaseous working fluid moves in a closed volume. The principle of its action is based on the periodic heating and cooling of the working fluid with the extraction of energy from the resulting change in the volume of the working fluid. It can work not only from fuel combustion, but also from almost any heat source [8]. In models of Stirling engines, where the heat exchange cylinder does not have a high-quality heater, the working fluid is not completely heated, but since the pressure in the gases spreads uniformly in all directions, its change also affects the working piston, forcing it to move and do work.

As a heat engine, in particular, a gamma-type Stirling heat engine can be used. It is easy to manufacture, low temperature, low speed and, as shown by the results of numerous experiments, can operate on a small temperature gradient (3-4 degrees Celsius).

The gamma-type Stirling engine consists of two cylinders (Figure 4).

A large cylinder is a heat-exchange cylinder 6. Its task is to heat and cool the working fluid one by one. For this, one end of the cylinder is heated - this is heater 4, the other end - is cooled - this is cooler 5. The side walls of the heat exchange cylinder 8 are made of material with low thermal conductivity. The large piston - dispenser-displacer 7, made of heat-insulating material, moves freely in the heat transfer cylinder and acts as a heat valve, moving the working fluid to either the cold or hot end of the heat exchange cylinder 6.

Small cylinder 1 is a working cylinder. The piston of the working cylinder 3 is tightly fitted to the working cylinder 1.

The piston of the working cylinder 3 has a rod 19, which is connected through a hinge 18 to a connecting rod 17 connected through a hinge 13 to the crank 15.

In turn, the displacer-displacer 7 has a rod 9, which is connected through a hinge 12 to the connecting rod of the dispenser 16 connected through a hinge 14 to the crank 15.

The rod 19, the hinge 18, the connecting rod 17, the hinge 13, the rod 9, the hinge 12, the connecting rod 16, the hinge 14, the crank 15 are a crank mechanism designed to convert the reciprocating movement of the pistons 3 and displacer-displacer 7 into rotational movement crank 15.

The crank 15 kinematically (in the diagram coaxially) is connected to the flywheel 11. The flywheel 11 is designed to equalize the movement and overcome the dead positions of the piston and dispenser.

The gamma-type Stirling engine operates as follows:

The Stirling cycle is based on sequential heating and cooling of the gas (it is called the working fluid) in a closed volume. The working fluid is heated in the hot part of the engine, expands and does useful work, after which it is distilled to the cold part of the engine, where it is cooled, compressed and again fed into the hot part of the engine. The cycle repeats. The amount of working fluid remains unchanged, its temperature, pressure and volume change.

The whole cycle is conditionally divided into four measures (Figs. 5-8). The convention is that there is no clear division into clock cycles in the cycle, the processes go one into the other. This is due to the lack of a valve mechanism in the design of Stirling engines. Features of the functioning of the Stirling engine in specific clock cycles are shown in Fig.5-8.

In addition to the gamma-type Stirling engine, free-piston and rotary-type Stirling engines known in the art can also be used [9].

The free-piston type Stirling engine, known as the Beela engine or alpha-type Stirling engines, has three main elements: a heavy working piston, a light displacer and a cylinder with seals at both ends, a displacer rod of a relatively large diameter passes through the working piston. The displacer rod is hollow, with an open end, so that the internal cavity of the displacer is connected (and in fact is a part of it) with a cavity located below the working piston, called the buffer cavity. The working cavity includes the part of the cylinder above the working piston, divided into a compression cavity - between the working piston and the displacer, and an expansion cavity - above the displacer. A long narrow annular gap between the cylinder and the displacer acts as a regenerator between the hot expansion cavity and the cold compression cavity. A heater is provided for the expansion cavity, and a refrigerator for the compression cavity.

This engine uses one cylinder, but with two pistons - a dispenser and a working piston, located first above the second along the axis of the cylinder. The dispenser rod passes through the cover of the working piston and inside its rod. To ensure tightness, seals are used. Heat is supplied to the cylinder from one end and cooled from the other (in the diagram, the heating, regeneration, and cooling zones are placed in a separate unit). The walls of the working piston fit snugly against the cylinder. Displacer - on the contrary - moves freely in the working cylinder. The display device is made of a material having a low heat capacity and acts as a “heat valve”. It moves the working fluid from the hot cavity of the cylinder to the cold and vice versa, preventing the onset of thermodynamic equilibrium of heat transfer in the system. The working fluid either heats up (the dispenser at the same time becomes chord at the bottom dead center) or cools (the dispenser at the top dead center). Due to this, a cyclic pressure difference in the system is ensured, which is then converted by the working piston into useful work. The non-working volume is minimized by placing the displacer and the working piston in one cylinder, which allows you to win in power per unit volume of the engine. The complexity of manufacturing and providing lubrication and tightness in the seals of such engines is their main drawback.

In a rotary-type Stirling engine, in contrast to the classical heat exchanger cylinder scheme, where the dispenser performs reciprocating movements, the asymmetrical rotor performs the function of a “heat valve”. Rotating along the axis, it alternately overlaps the hot and cold zones, causing heating and cooling of the working fluid. Rotary Stirlings are more compact and can be made completely airtight. For this, a generator is placed in the engine housing, or a mechanical drive is driven out through a magnetic coupling.

The disadvantages of the rotary engine type is the difficulty in providing heating and cooling of the heat exchange cylinder, since, unlike the standard gamma-Stirling, it is not the ends of the cylinder that are heated and cooled, but the side walls. As a result, heat loss can increase.

When implementing the invention, it is possible to use both a separately produced clock mechanism and ready-made quartz, mechanical, wrist, wall, table clock mechanisms.

As a mechanical battery, a conventional spring-loaded clock engine with a spiral spring or a device previously developed by the author for accumulating and transmitting mechanical energy in a clock mechanism comprising a screw-nut pair consisting of a screw on the surface of which cylindrical grooves and a gear nut can be used, and a coiled coil spring, in which the rotational movement of the clockwork factory, compressing the coiled coil spring located on the screw of the screw-nut pair, as a result of the rotational movement of the screw and the translational movement of the gear nut along the screw, it is converted into the translational movement of the compression of the coil spring, accumulating energy, which, when the coil spring is dissolved, converts the translational movement of the coil spring into the rotational-translational movement of the gear nut along the cylindrical helical grooves intended for alignment of the torque, and the rotational-translational movement of the gear nut by means of its engagement with a gear located on the shaft with the possibility of movement, which is provided by a fork placed on top of the gear nut and gear, is converted into a uniform rotational movement of the gears [10].

As options for the performance of individual elements of the case, parts, watch assemblies, various known and traditional for watch production technologies, materials, and structural solutions commonly used in watchmaking technology can be used [11, 12, 13, 14].

This ensures the achievement of the desired technical result, namely, the automatic winding and winding of the clockwork engine in the absence of external influence of the user by using the temperature difference of different regions of space relative to the watch case, in particular by generating energy for the movement, winding and winding of the watch from the temperature difference from the surface or space from the back of the watch and the temperature from the surface or space from the side the front (front) part of the watch (dial and sides of the watch case); improving the accuracy, reliability and durability of the watch mechanism through the use of an automatic drive mechanism based on the use of a heat engine. As follows from the description and essence of the invention, it also provides an increase in the power of automatic winding and the possibility of using additional devices as a drive in watches.

Given the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the utility model, proven in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of the invention", proven in the section "Implementation and industrial implementation of the invention", technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the invention, the solution of the set inventive problems and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of In our opinion, the claimed group of inventions satisfies all the eligibility requirements for inventions.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also make it possible to realize the invention in an industrial way.

In addition, the analysis of the set of essential features of the invention and the uniform technical result achieved by using them shows the existence of a single inventive concept, a close and inextricable link between the method of automatically driving a mechanical watch, a mechanical watch with an automatic drive and an automatic drive of a mechanical watch. This allows you to combine the invention in one application, that is, to provide the requirements of the criterion of unity of invention.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1.http: //bse.sci-lib.com/article121589.html Watch (device). Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

2. http://www.watches.ru/index.php?page=30&art=55

3. http://remontchasov.ucoz.ru/index/avtopodzavod_v_chasakh/0-45.

4. Axelrod M. Theory and design of time instruments. "Engineering", Leningrad, 1969, p. 45-47.

5. SU 146702, published by BI No. 8 for 1962.

6. Tarasov S.V. Devices of time. Moscow, "MECHANICAL ENGINEERING", 1976, p. 39-40.

7. SU 354392 G04B 3/12 publ. 01/01/1972.

8. Walker G. Machines operating on the Stirling cycle. trans. from English M. Energy 1978; Stirling engines. Under. ed. Kruglova M.G. M. Engineering. 1977; Stirling engines. Digest of articles. Per. from English Sutugina B.V .; Under. ed. Brodyansky V.M. M .: World. 1975; Reader G., Hooper C. Stirling Engines. M. World 1986; Walker G. Stirling Engines. Translation from English. M. Engineering 1985

9. http://www.stirlingmotors.ru/Pages_pikch/Bill_engine.htm

10. RU 2012105052 G04B 3/00 publ. 08/20/2013.

11. Kharitonchuk A.P. Reference book for watch repair, M., 1977, p. 18, 21.

12. Romanov A.D. Designing time devices. M., 1975, p. 140.

13. Tarasov S.V. Technology of watch production, M., 1963.

14. Popova V.D., Goldberg N.B. Device and assembly technology of watches. M., 1989.

Claims (37)

1. The method of driving the movable elements of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch, characterized in that for the movement of the clock mechanism using a Stirling heat engine, made with the possibility of converting the temperature difference in space into the movement of the moving elements of the clock mechanism. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a heat engine is used with the possibility of converting the temperature difference from the side of the back of the watch and the air temperature from the sides of the watch case and / or from the side of the dial into the movement of the moving elements of the clock mechanism. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use the Stirling heat engine gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that they use a heat engine with the possibility of automatic winding or winding means of accumulation of mechanical energy of the clock mechanism. 5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that a spring is used as a means of accumulating mechanical energy of the clockwork. 6. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that they use a heat engine with the ability to automatically set in motion a gear and / or trigger regulator of the clockwork. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the sides of the watch case are used as a heat engine cooler, and the back cover or part of the back cover of the watch case with a heat-insulating material located between them with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity is used as a heat sink and heater. 8. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that as the cooler of the heat engine using a clockwork or separate movable elements of a clockwork or a flywheel in the shape of an impeller. 9. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that in order to intensify the cooling of the heat engine, ribs, grooves or additional cooling elements are performed on the watch case. 10. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that to intensify the heating of the heat engine, part of the watch case is made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys. 11. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to heat from the sun or other external heat source. 12. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to function in conjunction with additional sources of movement energy, for example, with a self-winding mechanism or with a manual winding mechanism. 13. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use gas (air, hydrogen, helium, acetone or alcohol vapor) as a working fluid in it. 14. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to drive both a clock with a commercially available clock mechanism and a modified clock mechanism, for example, with the frictional outer end of the clockwork spring, to provide a "endless winding" of the spring. 15. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine is performed with a forced initial start mechanism. 16. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that in addition to said heat engine, at least one additional heat engine is used. 17. A device for automatically driving the movable elements of the clockwork, characterized in that it contains a Stirling heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space either on the surfaces or on the surface and space to the movement of the clockwork. 18. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to convert the temperature difference at the surface of the watch and the ambient temperature into the movement of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch. 19. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is made in the form of a Stirling heat engine gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type. 20. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to automatically winding or winding means for accumulating mechanical energy of the clock mechanism. 21. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that as a means of accumulating mechanical energy of the clock mechanism, a spring is used. 22. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to automatically drive a gear and / or trigger regulator of the clock mechanism. 23. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use as a cooler or heater the sides of the watch case or the side of the dial, and as a heat sink and heater or cooler, the back cover or part of the back cover of the watch case with between them is a heat-insulating material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. 24. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use as a cooler the clock mechanism, moving elements of the clock mechanism or a flywheel in the form of an impeller. 25. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use fins, grooves or additional cooling elements on the mechanical watch case as a cooler. 26. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat-conducting parts of the heat engine and / or watch case are made of material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys. 27. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to heat from the sun or other external heat source. 28. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use the heat generated by the electronics, light sources, heating systems, heating systems. 29. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is made with the possibility of cooling from a surface, for example, such as glass, a wall, or from the environment. 30. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to function in conjunction with additional sources of movement energy, for example with a self-winding mechanism, or with a manual winding mechanism. 31. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use gas (air, hydrogen, helium, acetone or alcohol vapor) as a working fluid. 32. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to drive both a watch with a commercially available watch mechanism and a modified watch mechanism, for example with a frictional external end of the winding spring, to provide a "endless winding" of the watch mechanism spring. 33. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is made with a forced initial start mechanism. 34. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that the heat engine is made with the possibility of joint functioning with other engines. 35. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that it further comprises a transmission mechanism in the form of a mechanism with the possibility of converting movement (rotational, reciprocating) coming from the Stirling heat engine into rotation of the clockwork shaft or drum shaft. 36. A clock mechanism for driving a pointer or time indicators, comprising at least one movable and at least one fixed elements and a device for automatically actuating these moving elements according to any one of paragraphs. 17-35. 37. A mechanical watch comprising a case and a clock mechanism for driving a pointer or time indicators according to claim 36.

Images