RU139166U1 - DEVICE OF THE THERMAL AUTOMATIC WATCH FACTORY AND CLOCK MECHANISM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for automatically winding a mechanical battery of a clock mechanism, characterized in that it contains a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space into mechanical movement transmitted to the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism, and the clock cycle of the engine is set by the clock mechanism. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gear mechanism. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cycle time of the heat engine is set by the clock mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical transmission from the heat engine to the mechanical battery is carried out by the winding mechanism. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat engine is capable of converting the temperature difference at the surface of the watch and the ambient temperature into the movement of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical battery is made in the form of a spring, hydraulic, pneumatic, weight-lifting, flywheel or rubber mechanical battery. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism can be started using the crown (22) .8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat engine contains at least one mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work and at least one heat exchange capacity (39) .9. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the heat engine contains a working fluid, a prisoner

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of watch industry and can be used in the manufacture of mechanical watches with automatic winding of a mechanical battery of a watch movement.

State of the art

Currently common mechanical watches usually contain: a mechanical battery; mechanism of the factory and the translation of the hands (in the language of watchmakers - repair); trigger (in the language of watchmakers - descent, stroke), which converts continuous rotational motion into oscillatory or reciprocating motion; oscillatory system in the form of a pendulum or a balancer (balance); a system of gears or gears connecting the spring motor and the trigger mechanism (in the language of watchmakers - engraining); dial mechanism and dial [1].

The mechanical battery used in the watch industry can be made in the form of a spring, hydraulic, rubber, pneumatic, weight-lifting or flywheel mechanical battery.

One type of widely used mechanical battery in the watch industry is a coil spring-based spring motor, which is usually a coil spring attached to the shaft and placed in a cylindrical drum with a serrated edge. Unrolling around the axis, the coil spring rotates the drum (inside which it is located), and its serrated edge rotates the wheel system through it. When the watch is wound, by rotating the crown through a gear transmission, the shaft connected to the spring is rotated, onto which a spiral spring is wound, compressing [1].

The main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. Each coil spring during its unwinding changes its drive force. To eliminate this drawback, various methods have been and are being applied: the exception in the work of the spring its initial and final phase by using cam mechanisms, of which the Maltese mechanism, ring-shaped and finger cam mechanisms are most known.

The variability of the drive force can also be limited by lengthening the spring and increasing the supply of its energy. However, the extension of the spring is due to its thickness, which requires an increase in its size, and thin springs require special alloys that better withstand the load and fatigue, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture. [2]

Thus, the main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spiral spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. Therefore, for mechanical watches, discrepancy with the exact time of 15-45 seconds per day is considered normal, and the best result is 4-5 seconds per day.

At present, for example, in watches, mechanical watches with automatic winding of a spring (with automatic winding) are widely used. Automatic watches are more accurate, since the spring energy remains almost constant during the day, which leads to a constant value of the pulse transmitted to the regulator-balance [3].

The automatic winding mechanisms differ in their design features, but all known designs of watches have an inertial sector, or a moving load, which rotates or swings around its axis when the watch rotates and transfers additional energy through the force of gravity to the engine spring. The inertial sector usually has a sufficiently large weight in order to overcome the resistance force of the winding spring, therefore its fastening to the watch mechanism must be strong and reliable enough.

In well-known watches with self-winding automatic winding, the spring should be wound up when the inertial sector turns in any direction. If the spring is started only when the inertial sector is turned in one direction, this leads to the fact that the spring is not fully recharged and the watch stops. The automatic winding sector of a watch rotates with any movements of a person’s hand, regardless of how much the watch’s spring is wound. In order to prevent the spring from breaking due to excessive overvoltage, it usually has a friction fastening to the drum, by which, having reached its maximum value, the spring slips in the drum for two to three turns, which allows the automatic winding to constantly work and avoid breaking it.

Automatic watches usually have a metal load fixed to the axis, usually made in the form of a sector. The center of gravity of the sector is shifted to the edge, and with any movements of the hand, it rotates around the axis, opening the clock spring through the gear system. So that the sector can overcome the resistance of the spring and start the watch, it must have a lot of inertia. Therefore, the sector is usually made of two parts: a thin light upper plate and a half ring of heavy tungsten alloy. They try to make the diameter of the sector as possible.

It is believed that for a fully automatic winding of the spring, a self-winding watch must be worn with movements of about 8 hours.

The disadvantages of the automatic winding mechanisms are significant weight, structural complexity and an increased likelihood of breakdowns. A self-winding watch is thicker and heavier than usual. The need for a large sector limits the use of automatic winding in women's watches. The complication of the mechanism and the use of cargo from a rather expensive tungsten increases the cost of hours. In addition, the well-known automatic watch is very sensitive to shock. With strong impacts, the supports break down under the weight of the cargo sector.

Also, automatic winding mechanisms (“automatic” plants) are known in which a swinging unbalanced load (cargo sector) twists (plant) the spring of a spring motor, in which an unbalanced load (rotor) is rigidly connected to the tribe and moves freely on the axis in both directions or in which tribe is constantly coupled to the gear wheel of the freewheel. Depending on the direction of rotation of the cargo sector, the gear gets rotation in the same direction and the spring is twisted [4].

A known automatic winding mechanism in the form of an inertial mass moving with a change of hours, characterized in that in order to be able to use the automatic winding in combination with any basic element without thickening, a heavy half ring is used, placed around the perimeter of the mechanism inside the case ring and held in the ring with three clips. In order to transfer the rotation of the load to the spring’s winding shaft, the inertial load is provided with a ring, the inner surface of which is made corrugated to interact with the roller mounted on the end of the lever equipped with a dog for ratchet movement on the winding shaft [5].

A disadvantage of the known automatic winding mechanisms is that they can only be used in a portable watch, for example, a wrist watch, in which, under operating conditions, the oscillating movement of the rotor may occur. In addition, the main drawbacks of all known automatic winding mechanical watches for the automatic winding mechanism to function properly is the need for an active mobile lifestyle of the watch user. In addition, the self-winding watch has considerable weight and is very sensitive to shock. At the same time, ensuring a constant torque of the spring is possible only when exposed to the user (clock shake). Thus, with insufficient exposure or in the absence of impact on the watch, they stop working.

The Atmos desk clock with a torsion pendulum, manufactured by Jaeger-le Coultre (Switzerland) and operating from changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure over time, is known [6].

The source of energy that supports the oscillation of the pendulum in this watch is the temperature difference in the air in the apartment or office. A temperature difference of 1 ° ensures the functioning of the watch for 2 days. The watch operates with a high degree of accuracy of the order of 1 s per day. In the absence of fluctuations in ambient temperature for 2 days (which is unlikely), the watch operates autonomously for 100 days due to the energy reserve of the winding spring enclosed in the drum.

Fluctuations in temperature serve as the energy of the spring winding, which operates in a short interval of a gentle curve of the moment, thereby ensuring high stability of the amplitude of oscillations and a high degree of accuracy.

To use fluctuations in air temperature at the winding of the spring, a special chemical substance C ₂ H ₅ Cl - ethyl chloride is used. Ethyl chloride vapors create a pressure equal to about atmospheric at + 12 ° C, at + 27 ° C the vapor pressure is maximum, i.e. watches work in a wide range of temperatures.

Ethyl chloride is placed in a sealed metal casing in the form of a short cylinder. Ethyl chloride fills the inner annular projections in the housing. With increasing temperature, the ethyl vapor expands and presses on the annular protrusions. The latter expand like furs. The movement of the annular protrusions is transmitted to the chain, which is attached to the spring at one end and to the ratchet device at the other end, which carries out the direct winding of the spring in the drum.

As the temperature decreases, the annular protrusions are compressed. Due to the temperature difference and the movement of ring protrusions to one side or the other, and with them the springs and chains, the spring is rewound in the drum.

To control the period of oscillation of the pendulum, there is a head, the full revolution of which corresponds to a change in the oscillation period by 10 s per day. The clock is adjustable with an accuracy of 1 s per day. The watch works only in a stationary position, sensitive to vibrations. They are equipped with a water level and three installation racks, of which one is stationary, and the other two are adjustable in height. To carry the clock, the pendulum is blocked by a special device.

The disadvantage of this watch, in particular its automatic drive mechanism, is that this watch only works in a stationary position, as use of watches as portable is not allowed. Since the energy received from changes in pressure and temperature over time is very small - as a result of a very long period of oscillations - under the influence of external influences - as a rule, they have a very complex adjustment system to ensure high accuracy of stroke. In addition, they require painstaking and precise adjustment to ensure the position of the torsion pendulum strictly perpendicular to the Earth's plane.

Task and technical result The task of the proposed utility model is to develop and implement the design of watches and clock mechanisms with automatic winding of a mechanical watch battery with energy for the plant and winding of a mechanical battery from the temperature difference of different areas of space.

The technical result obtained when using the utility model is

- ensuring a constant value of the daily movement of the clock and improving the accuracy of the clock by providing a constant value of the torque of the spring motor transmitted to the trigger regulator;

- ensuring the complete autonomy of the watch in the absence of external user exposure by using the temperature difference of different areas of space;

- the possibility of using the watch mechanism, both in portable and in stationary watches.

Utility Model Disclosure

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the utility model is achieved by the fact that the device for automatically winding a mechanical battery of a clock mechanism comprises a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space into mechanical movement transmitted to the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism, the engine cycle is set by the clock mechanism .. Moreover, it additionally contains a transmission mechanism. In this case, the heat cycle of the heat engine is set by the clock mechanism through the transmission mechanism. In this case, the mechanical transmission from the heat engine to the mechanical battery is carried out by the winding mechanism.

Also, the heat engine is configured to convert the temperature difference at the surface of the watch and the ambient temperature into the movement of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch.

In this case, the mechanical accumulator is made in the form of a spring, hydraulic, pneumatic, weight-lifting, flywheel or rubber mechanical accumulator. Also, the mechanical clockwork battery can be wound up with a crown.

In addition, the heat engine contains at least one mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work and at least one heat transfer capacity. The heat engine also contains a working fluid enclosed in an isolated space, and a displacer. In this case, the displacer of the heat engine makes reciprocating movements, and the movement of the displacer is carried out by the transmission mechanism from the main wheel system of the clock mechanism or from the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism.

Also, the heat engine is configured to heat the working fluid of the heat engine by heating the heat-conducting side of the heat-exchange capacity of the surrounding space.

Also, the heat engine is configured to cool the working fluid of the heat engine by transferring heat through the heat-conducting surface to the environment and cooling the surface of the heat-exchange capacity by the environment.

To intensify the heating of the heat engine, the heat-conducting side of the heat-exchange capacity is made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum, copper, copper, silver, silver or gold alloys.

To intensify cooling, fins, grooves or additional cooling elements are performed on the cooling heat-conducting surface of the heat-exchange capacity.

In addition, the heat engine is made with the possibility of using as a cooler or heater the sides of the watch case or the side of the dial, and as a heat sink and heater or cooler, the back cover or parts of the back cover of the watch case, with heat-insulating material located between them with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. Also, the heat engine is configured in such a way that the heat-conducting side can act as a cooler, while the cooler can perform a heating function.

At the same time, the heat engine is made with the possibility of using liquid with a high coefficient of linear expansion as ethanol — ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone, diethyl or ethyl ether, mercury, and galinstan.

In addition, the heat engine is made with the possibility of joint functioning with other engines. Also, the heat engine is configured to use the heat generated by the electronics, light sources, heating systems, heating systems, solar heat, human body heat.

In this case, the heat engine is adapted to be cooled from a surface, for example, such as glass, a wall, or from the environment.

The mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work is made in the form of a working cylinder with a working piston, or a membrane, or a bellows, or another mechanism.

At the same time, the displacer can be moved both smoothly and stepwise. Also, the displacer can be moved either directly or using magnets.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the clock mechanism for driving the pointer or time indicators contains at least one movable and at least one fixed elements and the above-mentioned device for automatic winding of a mechanical battery clockwork. In this case, the clock mechanism can be made with the possibility of using a heat engine to actuate auxiliary mechanisms or to give effect to decorative elements.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the mechanical watch contains a case and the aforementioned clock mechanism for moving the pointer or time indicators.

The problem is solved, and the desired result when using the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the heat engine of a mechanical watch contains a mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work, a displacer and at least one heat-exchange capacity in a closed space of which the working fluid changes its volume due to alternate cooling and heating, and the cycle of heating and cooling of the working fluid is set by the clockwork of a mechanical watch

In this case, the heat engine is configured to convert the temperature difference at the surface of the watch and the ambient temperature into the movement of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch.

Key Terms and Definitions

For a more accurate understanding of the essence of the utility model, the basic concepts, terms and definitions disclosed in the application are given here.

As you know, a mechanical accumulator accumulates the energy necessary to actuate and maintain the action of the clockwork.

A mechanical battery can be made in the form of a spring, hydraulic, rubber, pneumatic, weight-lifting or flywheel mechanical battery.

For simplicity of explanation of the purpose and design of a mechanical accumulator, below is a particular case of it - a spring motor, as the most common.

The principle of operation of the spring engine is based on the accumulation of energy in the spring during the winding and winding of the spring from the watch winding and transfer mechanism, or by the winding mechanism, which is then spent on activating the clock mechanism.

Typically, a spring motor comprises a winding shaft, a spring, and a drum.

The spring motor, as a rule, is made with a rotating drum and a rotating roller.

An embodiment of a spring motor with a non-rotating drum and a rotating roller is possible, as well as with a rotating drum and a stationary roller.

The winding spring may be a flat steel strip of a spiral or S-shape.

As an embodiment, the external coil of the spring is fixed in the drum with a friction lining, to ensure slippage of the external coil of the spring relative to the drum during full winding.

The spring motor can be configured to transmit movement to the displacer of the heat engine through a transmission mechanism.

The watch winding mechanism and the hand movement allows you to manually start the spring motor and set the hands in the desired position. This mechanism may consist of a crown, a crown, a system of levers and gears.

The clock winding and movement of the hands, as a rule, works in two positions, in the position of the spring factory and in the position of the hands.

As a rule, the main position of the watch factory mechanism and the movement of the hands is the position of the factory and the winding of the spring.

In the position of the winding and winding springs, the cam clutch is in the engaged position with the crown. The rotation of the crown through the cam clutch rotates the crown, the rotation of which is fed to the drum wheel and starts the engine spring.

In the switch position, the cam clutch is engaged with the gear wheel. The rotation of the crown through the cam clutch rotates the gear wheel, the rotation of which is fed to the bill wheel, which rotates the dial mechanism.

The main wheel system - transfers energy through the descent to the regulator, and also counts the number of its vibrations and transfers the movement to the switch mechanism.

The principle of operation of the main wheel system is based on the transfer of energy from a mechanical accumulator, through a system of gears, to the regulator and counting the number of its vibrations and transmitting movement to the switch mechanism, and can also be used to transmit movement to the transmission mechanism.

The main wheel system can be made in the following options:

1. In a variant of the scheme, when the design consists of four gear pairs

1st tribe of the central wheel and central wheel

2nd intermediate wheel trib and intermediate wheel

3rd tribes of a second wheel and second wheel

4th tribe of the anchor wheel and anchor wheel

2. In an embodiment of a transmission scheme with a central second hand.

According to this scheme, rotation from the mechanical accumulator is transmitted to the central tribe, then from the central wheel to the intermediate tribe and from the intermediate wheel to the second tribe located in the center of the mechanism. From the second wheel, the rotation is transmitted to the anchor tribe and then from the anchor wheel, through the anchor fork, to the balance unit.

Trigger regulator - the trigger regulator of the clock mechanism is a device consisting of an oscillator (balance), performing uniform oscillations and descent, converting oscillations into time intervals of the actuator, while the energy supply to the oscillator to maintain its oscillation is regulated by the same descent.

Regulator (Balance) is a device that sets such time intervals in the clockwork.

During the rotation of the balance in any direction, the voltage increases in the spiral, increasing in direct proportion to the angle of rotation. After that, the released balance under the influence of the spiral will begin the reverse movement to the equilibrium position. In this position, the increasing voltage of the spiral disappears, but the balance, according to the law of inertia, continues to move further at almost the same angle as before and will continue to increase the voltage in the spiral. The time of complete oscillation (movement) of the balance depends on the voltage of the spiral, the size and mass of the balance itself. For continuous operation of the oscillatory system, it is necessary to “shift” the balance in a certain period of time, thereby giving it an energy boost. Also, the balance movement must be turned into a uniform rotation of the switch gear. To resolve such problems, a specific device called a trigger is used.

The descent, being part of the clockwork, serves simultaneously for two specific purposes, the transformation of constant and unstable oscillations of the balance into the rotation of the gears with a constant speed, including also the arrow transmission and the movement of "energy" from the "engine" to the balance to continue his works.

This move helps the balance system - the spiral to direct the work of the gear transmission in such a way that in one cycle the oscillations in the balance of the gears move at certain angles.

The balance moves most of the time “independently” and does not touch the anchor fork. Moving to his starting point in his movement, he hits the horn with a pulse stone and cranks the anchor fork. From such movement, the pallet locking "tooth" of the anchor wheel rises and unlocks it. At the moment of release of the “tooth”, the anchor wheel begins to turn under the influence of a spring and after that the “tooth” of the anchor wheel moves the pallet and sets the anchor fork in motion. The horn of the anchor fork, catching up with the impulse stone, hits it, transferring additional energy to the balance.

Switch mechanism - is an actuator that transmits movement from the main wheel system to the arrows or other means of indication.

The principle of operation of the standard hand mechanism is based on the transmission of rotation from the main wheel system to the tribune of the minute hand and to the watch wheel through the system of gears.

Transmission mechanism - serves to transmit the movement of the clock mechanism to the displacer of the heat engine.

The transmission mechanism is used to convert the movement of the clock mechanism into the movement of the displacer.

The transmission mechanism may be driven by a mechanical battery of the clock mechanism or the main wheel system of the clock mechanism.

The transmission mechanism may contain elements for converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion of a displacer, such as a Scottish mechanism, a crank mechanism, etc. The transmission mechanism may contain elements for converting rotational motion into intermittent, discontinuous reciprocating motion of the displacer, to ensure a long stay of the displacer at the heater or cooler, for example, the Maltese mechanism, clamshell mechanism, etc.

The transmission mechanism may contain elements for converting rotational motion into helical motion of the displacer.

A heat engine is a device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy.

The principle of operation of a heat engine is based on alternating heating and cooling of a working fluid enclosed in an isolated space, which is carried out due to the displacement of this body by a displacer, the movement of which is carried out and is set by the clockwork. When moving the working fluid from the heating region to the cooling region and vice versa, its volume changes, which acts on the working piston and moves it. The displacement of the working piston drives the winding mechanism. In addition to the piston-cylinder system in a heat engine, any version of the mechanism can be used to convert changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work.

The mechanism of automatic winding / winding of a mechanical battery of a clock mechanism is a device for transmitting mechanical movement to a mechanical battery.

For simplicity of explanation of the design and principle of operation of the winding mechanism, a mechanical battery is described as a spring motor.

The principle of operation of the automatic winding / winding mechanism is based on the transfer of the useful work of the heat engine (moving the working piston, diaphragm, etc.) to the spring motor (rotation of the drum wheel, crown, crown)

It contains a gearbox that allows you to transfer the necessary torque to the spring motor shaft (spring winding), as well as a switch that converts the two-way movement of the mechanism to convert the change in fluid pressure into mechanical work into one-way rotation transmitted to the gearbox.

There are several converter designs:

- in the form of ratchet mechanisms;

- gears on the swinging lever;

- in the form of overrunning clutches

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings of the device of the clock mechanism with a heat engine for automatic winding of the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism and the heat engine, where, for simplicity of explanation of the structure and operation of the device of the automatic plant, an embodiment of the mechanical battery in the form of a spring engine and a mechanism for conversion of the change in the volume of the working fluid in the form of a working piston and cylinder:

1 - heat sink,

2 - displacer,

3 - heat-insulating wall,

4 - cooler

5 - magnet displacer,

6 - magnetic clutch,

7 - Scottish mechanism,

8 - gear

9 - tribe of the intermediate wheel,

10 - intermediate wheel,

11 - working piston,

12 - gear comb winding mechanism,

13 - 1st winding wheel,

14 - 2nd wheel winding,

15 - 3rd winding wheel,

16 - drum

17 - drum wheels

18 - clockwork wheel,

19 - dog

20 - tribal clockwork,

21 - cam clutch,

22 - crown

23 - a convertible wheel,

24 - convertible wheel,

25 - bill wheel

26 - tribes of the bill wheel,

27 - watch wheel,

28 - trib minute hand,

29 - the Central wheel

30 - tribes of the central wheel,

31 - tribes of the second wheel,

32 - second wheel

33 - tribe of the anchor wheel,

34 - anchor wheel,

35 - anchor fork,

36 - balance node

37 - master disk

38 - slave link "cross",

39 - heat transfer capacity,

40 - working cylinder.

In FIG. 1 shows a structurally functional diagram of a clock mechanism with an automatic winding mechanism of a mechanical accumulator operating from a heat engine, the clock cycle of which is set by a clock mechanism, which shows a heat engine coupled by kinematic communication, an automatic winding mechanism, a spring motor, a winding and shifting mechanism, the main wheel system, switch gear, gear, descent and regulator.

Also in the diagram, the dashed line marks the clock mechanism, and the dashed arrow shows a possible way of transmitting the action through the transmission mechanism to the heat engine from the spring motor.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a structurally functional diagram of a clock mechanism with an automatic winding mechanism of a mechanical battery powered by a heat engine, the clock cycle of which is set by a clock mechanism, which shows in detail which elements are affected by the clock mechanism: a dashed line shows a heat engine in which three objects are selected that affect on top of each other - a displacer, a working fluid and a working piston, an automatic winding mechanism, a spring motor, a winding and transfer mechanism, the main forest system, switch gear, gear, descent and regulator.

Also in the diagram, the dotted arrow shows a possible variant of the transmission of action through the transmission mechanism to the heat engine from the spring motor.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a clockwork with a heat engine for automatic winding of a mechanical accumulator, the cycle of which is set by a clockwork, which shows: heat receiver 1, displacer 2, heat-insulating wall 3, cooler 4, Scottish mechanism 7, transmission mechanism 8, intermediate wheel tribes 9 , intermediate wheel 10, working piston 11, toothed pinion winding mechanism 12, 1st winding wheel 13, 2nd winding wheel 14, 3rd winding wheel 15, drum 16, drum wheels 04, winding wheel 18, soba ka 19, clockwork tribe 20, cam clutch 21, crown 22, gear wheel 23, gear wheel 24 bill wheel 25, bill wheel tribes 26, hour wheel 27, minute hand tribes 28, center wheel 29, center wheel tribes 30, tribes second wheel 31, second wheel 32, tribe of the anchor wheel 33, the anchor wheel 34, the anchor fork 35, the balance unit 36, the heat exchange capacity 39 and the working cylinder 40.

Where a dashed line indicates a device for automatic winding of a mechanical clockwork battery.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a clockwork with a heat engine for automatic winding of a mechanical battery, the cycle of which is set by a clockwork where the displacer is driven by a transmission mechanism through a magnetic clutch 6, which shows: heat sink 1, displacer 2, heat-insulating wall 3, cooler 4, magnet displacer 5, magnetic clutch 6, Scottish gear 7, gear 8, tribes of the intermediate wheel 9, the intermediate wheel 10, the working piston 11, the gear comb winding mechanism and 12, the 1st winding wheel 13, the 2nd winding wheel 14, the 3rd winding wheel 15, the drum 16, the drum wheels 17, the winding wheel 18, the dog 19, the winding tribes 20, the cam clutch 21, the crown 22, convertible wheel 23, convertible wheel 24 bill wheel 25, bills of exchange bills 26, hour wheel 27, tribes of the minute hand 28, central wheel 29, tribes of the central wheel 30, tribes of the second wheel 31, second wheel 32, tribes of the anchor wheel 33, anchor wheel 34, anchor fork 35, balance unit 36, heat transfer capacity 39 and slave cylinder 40.

In FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a clockwork with a heat engine for automatic winding of a mechanical battery. The cycle of the heat engine is set by the clock mechanism through the transmission mechanism, which is connected to the mechanism of discontinuous movement. The mechanism of intermittent movement is made in the form of a Maltese cross. The following positions indicate: 1 - heat sink, displacer 2, heat-insulating wall 3, cooler 4, Scottish gear 7, gear 8, tribes of the intermediate wheel 9, the intermediate gear 10, the working piston 11, the gear comb winding mechanism 12, the 1st winding wheel 13, 2nd winding wheel 14, 3rd winding wheel 15, drum 16, drum wheels 17, clockwork wheel 18, dog 19, clockwork tribes 20, cam clutch 21, crown 22, gear wheel 23, gear wheel 24 wheel bill 25, tribe of bill wheel 26, wheels about the hour 27, the tribute of the minute hand 28, the central wheel 29, the tribes of the central wheel 30, the tribes of the second wheel 31, the second wheel 32, the tribes of the anchor wheel 33, the anchor wheel 34, the anchor fork 35, the balance unit 36, the drive disk 37, the driven link "cross" 38, heat transfer capacity 39 and the working cylinder 40.

In FIG. 6 shows a heat engine in a temperature-free mode when the working fluid is not exposed to heat, that is, the temperatures of the spaces in contact with the heater 1 and cooler 4 separated by the heat-insulating wall 3 are equal, the working piston 11 is at the lower point, and the displacer 2 can located in almost any position.

In FIG. 7 shows the expansion stroke of the working fluid in the heat exchange container under the influence of temperature, which shows: a heat receiver 1 through which thermal energy acts on the working fluid, a displacer 2 located near the cooler 4, a heat-insulating wall 3 separating the heat sink and cooler, the working piston 11 which is under the action of the working body tends up.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the operation cycle of a heat engine when the working fluid is shifted from the heating region to the cooling region, which shows: heat sink 1 through which thermal energy acts on the working fluid, displacer 2 moving, under the action of the clock mechanism, toward the heat sink and shifting the working fluid to the cooler 4 , heat-insulating wall 3 separating the heat receiver and cooler, the working piston 11 located at the top point.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the operation cycle of a heat engine during cooling of the working fluid, which shows: a heat sink 1, which is closed by a displacer 2, which completely displaces the working fluid to the cooler 4, a heat-insulating wall 3 separating the heat sink and cooler, the working piston 11 tending to a lower point under the action of the working fluid .

In FIG. 10 shows the operation cycle of a heat engine in which the working piston returns to its original position. It shows: a heat sink 1 which is closed by a displacer 2 that completely displaces the working fluid to the cooler 4, a heat-insulating wall 3 separating the heat sink and cooler, the working piston 11 located at the bottom point.

In FIG. Figure 11 shows a graph of the dependence of the movement of the working piston on the temperature difference, which shows: a curve with round points for a working cylinder with a radius of 1 mm and a curve with x-shaped points for a working cylinder with a radius of 1.5 mm.

Utility Model Implementation

The utility model is a clockwork with a heat engine for automatic winding of a mechanical accumulator, made in one of the versions in the form of a spring engine, which is driven by a temperature difference and whose clock cycle is set by the clockwork. The design is based on a heat engine, the principle of which is based on alternating heating and cooling of the working fluid enclosed in an isolated space, in which the work spent on moving the working fluid from the cold to the hot region and vice versa is less than the work arising from the expansion or contraction of the working fluid, due to which useful mechanical energy is generated.

The main difference between a heat engine according to a utility model and known ones (for example, a Stirling engine) is that the heating and cooling of the working fluid is controlled by a clock mechanism, namely, the movement of the working fluid from the heat receiver to the cooler and vice versa is performed by a displacer, the movement of which is set and produced by clockwork.

It is possible to use liquids with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, pentane, mercury, galinstan, acetone, etc., as a working fluid.

For simplicity of explanation of the purpose and design of the utility model, a mechanical accumulator is described as a spring engine, and a mechanism for converting changes in the volume of the working fluid in the form of a working piston and cylinder.

In FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the basic design of a clockwork with a heat engine for a constant winding / winding of a spring engine, the cycle of which is set by the clockwork.

As shown in the diagram shown in FIG. 3 clock mechanism with a thermal engine for automatic winding of the spring engine can be actuated with a preliminary single winding of the spring engine using the crown 22, and without it by changing the temperature expansion of the working fluid over time.

When actuating the clockwork with a heat engine for automatic winding of a spring motor with a preliminary one-time winding of the spring motor of FIG. 3 using the crown 22, the process proceeds as follows. The rotation of the crown 22 through the crown 18 is transmitted to the drum 16, that is, the primary winding of the engine spring is produced. Unwound, the engine spring drives the main wheel system, that is, the tribes of the central wheel 30 and the central wheel 29 engaged with the tribe of the intermediate wheel 9, where the intermediate wheel 10 is engaged with the tribe of the second wheel 31, and the second wheel 32 with the tribe 33 the anchor wheel 34, the release of which is set by the anchor fork 35 and the balance unit 36. Movement from the main wheel system through the transmission mechanism 8 drives the Scottish mechanism 7, which in turn moves you esnitel 2 disposed in the heat exchange vessel 39. Moving the displacer 2 leads to a shift of the working fluid in the space 39 of the heat exchange capacity of the cooler 4 to the heater 1, or vice versa, which are separated by a wall 3 of low thermal conductivity. The displacement of the working fluid to the heater 1 or cooler 4 leads to a change in its volume, the change of which is accompanied by the movement of the working piston 11, since the working fluid is in an airtight enclosed space, where the movable element is the working piston 11 located in the working cylinder 40, then the increase in volume accompanied by an increase in pressure and will lead to the expulsion of the piston 11, and a decrease in volume will be accompanied by a decrease in pressure, that is, rarefaction and will lead to the retraction of the piston 11.

If heating of the working fluid occurs, its volume increases. The increase in the volume of the working fluid is accompanied by the pushing out of the working piston 11 located in the working cylinder 40, which, moving up through the system of levers, pushes the toothed comb of the winding mechanism 12. The toothed comb 12 is engaged with the first winding wheel 13, which is a ratchet mechanism made in such a way that, when the working fluid is heated, it rotates the 2nd wheel of the winding 14, which is on the same shaft with it and is meshed with the 3rd wheel of the winding 15, in rotation orogo motor winding spring, and while cooling the working piston can return to its original position without any resistance.

After winding the spring motor, the entire cycle is repeated and no longer requires external intervention.

Thus, one of the options for the operation of the automatic winding mechanism of a mechanical battery, which is as follows:

When moving, the working piston of the heat engine, moving upward through the system of levers, pushes the toothed comb of the winding mechanism, which is engaged with the first winding wheel, which is a ratchet mechanism, made so that when the working fluid is heated, it rotates in a predetermined the direction of the 2nd winding wheel, which is on the same shaft with it and is meshed with the 3rd winding wheel, the rotation of which winds the engine spring, and when cooled, the working piston could return to its original position without any resistance.

The winding mechanism can perform the plant both in one-way traffic, during heating, and two-way traffic, that is, both during heating and cooling.

Actuating the clockwork with a thermal engine for automatic winding of the spring engine without first starting the spring engine using the crown 22, the process proceeds similarly, only the primary winding of the engine spring is due to the fact that the working fluid expands with time under the influence of heat.

It is worth noting that the heater 1 and cooler 4 are made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy or gold alloys.

The heater 1 should not be in contact with the surface of the body in contact with the cooler 4, that is, they should be separated by a material with very low thermal conductivity, such as composite, plastic, etc., and there should be no contact between them.

The displacer is made of a material having low thermal conductivity, for example, composite, plastic, elastomer, ceramics, etc. The displacer acts as a “heat valve”. It moves the working fluid from the hot cavity of the cylinder to the cold and vice versa, preventing the onset of thermodynamic equilibrium and heat transfer in the system.

The displacer can be moved using magnets, as shown in FIG. four

The displacer can be moved both smoothly and stepwise.

The displacer can be moved smoothly using the Scottish mechanism and the crank mechanism.

The displacer can be displaced by the Maltese mechanism or another mechanism that provides discontinuous, discontinuous movement.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the rotation of the transmission mechanism can be transmitted both from the main wheel system and from the spring motor.

Features of the operation of the heat engine for winding in specific operating modes are shown in FIG. 6-10.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the mode when there is no temperature difference, that is, the system is in equilibrium.

In FIG. 7 shows the mode of heating and expansion of the working fluid under the influence of temperature, where the working piston 11 moves upward.

In FIG. 8 shows the mode of movement of the working fluid from the heating region to the cooling region using the displacer 11.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the cooling regime of the working fluid and a decrease in its volume, accompanied by rarefaction and movement of the piston to a lower point.

In FIG. 10 shows a mode where the working fluid is cooled and completely restored to its initial state, and the working piston is at a lower point.

The heat engine of the winding spring mechanism of the clockwork engine is designed so that it can operate regardless of which side of the heater 1 or cooler 4 is subjected to a higher thermal effect, that is, the main presence of the temperature difference between the spaces in contact with the heater and cooler is for operation.

The heat engine is designed so that it can be driven by any heat source, for example: the heat of a person’s body, sunlight, heating systems, heat of electrical appliances, temperature differences indoors and outdoors, etc.

The cooler 4 for intensification of cooling may have ribs, grooves or additional cooling elements on the surface.

The heater 1 for intensifying the heating may have ribs, grooves or several heat exchange cylinders on the surface.

The clock mechanism may have several heat engines for automatic winding of a mechanical battery.

As follows from the description, it will not be difficult for a specialist to understand that the clock mechanism can have a mechanical battery made in the form of either a spring battery or a hydraulic, rubber, pneumatic, weight-lifting or flywheel mechanical battery. In this case, the principle of energy transfer to it will not change, but only the working element of the mechanical accumulator will change, through which the work will be transferred to the mechanical accumulator.

The heat engine is configured to obtain useful work in the absence of a temperature difference, due to the temperature difference of the surrounding space over time.

It is also clear that the mechanism for converting the change in fluid pressure into mechanical work can be performed not only in the form of a working cylinder and a working piston in it, but also in the form of a membrane (due to vibrational movement, i.e., its extension and contraction) or a bellows and other similar mechanisms. This is due to the fact that the above mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work is based on converting the energy of movement of a volume-changing fluid (working fluid) into a reciprocating movement of the mechanism.

The heat engine includes clockwork parts that control its operation. That is, the heat engine is designed in such a way that its operation requires the action of the clock mechanism on the displacer to move it. It does not require impact on the displacer from the side of the mechanism to convert the change in fluid pressure into mechanical work, that is, the mechanism for converting the change in fluid pressure into mechanical work produces useful work without loss of displacement of the displacer.

The clock mechanism can be made with the possibility of using a heat engine, both to perform the main task, automatic winding of the mechanical accumulator, and to perform secondary tasks, for example, actuating auxiliary mechanisms or giving action to decorative elements.

Clock mechanism with a heat engine for automatic winding of the spring engine, made with the possibility of the plant spring engine as when heating so when cooling the working fluid.

Calculations were performed for a heat engine with a cylindrical heat-exchange capacity and a working cylinder, which show that the heat engine can operate on a small temperature gradient (1-2 degrees Celsius).

The calculation for the working space of an engine having a cylindrical shape with parameters d = 35 or r = 17.5 mm and h = 5 mm is completely occupied by the working fluid before the heat exposure.

V ₀ = πr ² h

V ₀ = 3.14 × 17.5 ² × 5 = 4808.125 mm ³

It is known that the thermal expansion of a liquid is calculated by the formulas:

The determination of the change in the volume occupied by the working fluid during heat exposure, and more precisely when the temperature changes by 1 ° C, will be carried out according to the formula:

V = V ₀ × (1 + β × dT)

At T = 20 ° β _{(ethyl alcohol)} = 1.08 * 10 ^-3, we assume that dT = 4 ° C

V = 4808.125 × (1 + 1.08 × 10 ^-3 × 4) = 4828.8961 mm ³

Determination of volume changes during thermal exposure:

dV = V / V ₀ = 4828.8961-4808.125 = 20.77 mm ³

A certain value of the volume change during thermal exposure is aimed at filling the working cylinder, then V _p = dV

dV = πr ² h

The determination of the piston lift at a given diameter can be done by the formula:

with r = 1.5 mm

at r = 1 mm

Table 1 shows the calculations of the change in the volume of the working cylinder ΔV and the rise of the working piston h depending on the temperature difference, for working cylinders with radii r = 1 mm and r = 1.5 mm.

As can be seen from the table, with an increase in the temperature difference, the productivity of the heat engine also increases.

The description discloses one possible embodiment of the utility model, which in no way limits the possible variants of its execution.

The clock mechanism can be basic, commercially available, both in a standard version, and with additional refinement, for example, the frictional external end of a winding spring, to provide a "endless winding" of the spring and prevent its breakage or overvoltage.

As options for the execution of individual elements of the case, parts, watch assemblies, various known and traditional for watch production technologies, materials, and structural solutions commonly used in watchmaking technology can be used [7, 8, 9, 10].

Thus, the achievement of the required technical result, namely:

- ensuring a constant value of the daily movement of the clock and improving the accuracy of the clock by providing a constant value of the torque of the spring motor transmitted to the trigger regulator;

- ensuring the complete autonomy of the watch in the absence of external user exposure by using the temperature difference of different areas of space;

- the possibility of using the watch mechanism, both in portable and in stationary watches.

As follows from the description, the implementation of the utility model also provides an increase in the power of automatic winding and the possibility of using additional devices as a drive in hours.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also allow you to implement the utility model in an industrial way

INFORMATION SOURCES

1.http: //bse.sci-lib.com/article121589.html Watch (device). Great Soviet Encyclopedia

2.Http: //www/.watches.ru/index.php? Page = 30 & art = 55

3. http://remontchasov.ucoz.ru/index/avtopodzavod_v_chasakh/0-45.

4. Axelrod M. Theory and design of time instruments. "Engineering", Leningrad, 1969, p. 45-47

5.146670, published BI No. 8 for 1962.

6. Tarasov S.V. Devices of time. Moscow, "MECHANICAL ENGINEERING", 1976, p. 39-40

7. Kharitonchuk A.P. Reference book for watch repair, M., 1977, p. 18, 21.

8. Romanov A.D. Designing time devices. M., 1975, p. 140.

9. Tarasov SV. Technology of watch production, M., 1963.

10. Popova V.D., Goldberg N.B. Device and assembly technology of watches. M., 1989

Claims (29)

1. A device for automatically winding a mechanical battery of a clock mechanism, characterized in that it contains a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space into mechanical movement, transmitted to the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism, and the engine cycle is set by the clock mechanism. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a transmission mechanism. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the cycle of the heat engine is set by the clock mechanism through the transmission mechanism. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the mechanical transmission from the heat engine to the mechanical battery is carried out by the winding mechanism. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to convert the temperature difference at the surface of the watch and the ambient temperature into the movement of the clock mechanism of a mechanical watch. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical battery is made in the form of a spring, hydraulic, pneumatic, weight-lifting, flywheel or rubber mechanical battery. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism can be started using the crown (22). 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the heat engine contains at least one mechanism for transforming the change in fluid pressure into mechanical work and at least one heat transfer tank (39). 9. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the heat engine contains a working fluid enclosed in an isolated space, and a displacer (2). 10. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the displacer (2) of the heat engine makes a reciprocating motion, and the transmission of movement to the displacer (2) is carried out by a transmission mechanism from the main wheel system of the clock mechanism or from the mechanical battery of the clock mechanism. 11. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to heat the working fluid of the heat engine by heating the heat-conducting side (1) of the heat-exchange capacity (39) with the surrounding space. 12. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to cool the working fluid of the heat engine by transferring heat through the heat-conducting surface (4) to the environment and cooling the surface (4) of the heat-exchange capacity (39) by the environment. 13. The device according to p. 11, characterized in that to intensify the heating of the heat engine, the heat-conducting side (1) of the heat-exchange capacity (39) is made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, aluminum, copper, copper alloy, silver, alloy silver or gold alloys. 14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that for the intensification of cooling on the cooling heat-conducting surface (4) of the heat-exchange capacity (39), ribs, grooves or additional cooling elements are made. 15. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use the sides of the watch case or the side of the watch face as a cooler or heater, and the back cover or parts of the back cover of the watch case located between thermal insulation material with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. 16. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the heat engine is designed so that the heat-conducting side (1) can act as a cooler, while the cooler (4) can perform the heating function. 17. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use a liquid with a high coefficient of linear expansion as ethanol — ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone, diethyl or ethyl ether, mercury, and galinstan. 18. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the heat engine is made with the possibility of joint functioning with other engines. 19. The device according to p. 11, characterized in that the heat engine is configured to use the heat generated by the electronics, light sources, heating systems, heating systems, solar heat, human body heat. 20. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the heat engine is arranged to be cooled from a surface, for example, such as glass, a wall, or from the environment. 21. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work is made in the form of a working cylinder with a working piston. 22. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work is made in the form of a membrane. 23. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the mechanism for converting changes in fluid pressure into mechanical work is made in the form of a bellows. 24. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the displacer can be moved both smoothly and spasmodically. 25. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the displacer can be moved either directly or using magnets. 26. A clock mechanism for driving a pointer or time indicators, comprising at least one movable and at least one fixed elements and a device for automatically winding a mechanical battery of a clock mechanism according to any one of paragraphs. 1-25. 27. The clock mechanism according to claim 26, wherein the clock mechanism can be configured to use a heat engine to actuate auxiliary mechanisms or to give effect to decorative elements. 28. A mechanical watch comprising a case and a clock mechanism for driving a pointer or time indicators according to claim 27. 29. A thermal engine of a mechanical watch, comprising a mechanism for converting a change in fluid pressure into mechanical work, a displacer and at least one heat transfer tank, in the closed space of which the working fluid changes its volume due to alternate cooling and heating, and the heating and cooling cycle the working fluid is set by the clockwork of a mechanical watch.

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