RU151215U1 - CLOCK AND CLOCK MOVEMENT WITH THERMOSENSITIVE DRIVE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The heat-sensitive drive of the clock mechanism, comprising at least one heat-sensitive module, in turn, comprising a heat-sensitive element, and means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into movement of the winding mechanism, characterized in that it further comprises means for moving the heat-sensitive module, the speed of which is set clock mechanism, while the heat-sensitive drive has at least one cooling zone and at least one heating zone. 2. A temperature-sensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature-sensitive element is made in the form of a thermobimetallic spiral. 3. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element to the movement of the winding mechanism performs either rotational or reciprocating movement. 4. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 3, characterized in that, for performing rotational motion, the motion conversion means is made in the form of a stand for attaching an external coil of a spiral, a stand for attaching an internal coil of a spiral, a ratchet located coaxially with the wheel of the heat-sensitive module, on which a dog spring-loaded is fixed also located on the wheel of the temperature-sensitive module. 5. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a central wheel for transmitting rotation from the heat-sensitive drive to the winding mechanism of the clock engine. 6. The thermosensitive drive according to claim 3, characterized in that for the reciprocating motion of the medium

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of watch industry and can be used in the manufacture of mechanical watches with automatic drive with the possibility of obtaining movement energy from the temperature difference of different areas of the space (outside / inside the watch case).

State of the art

Currently common mechanical watches usually contain: a spring motor based on a spiral spring; mechanism of the factory and the translation of the hands (in the language of watchmakers - repair); trigger (in the language of watchmakers - descent, stroke), which converts continuous rotational motion into oscillatory or reciprocating motion; oscillatory system in the form of a pendulum or a balancer (balance); a system of gears or gears connecting the spring motor and the trigger mechanism (in the language of watchmakers - engraining); dial mechanism and dial [1].

A spring motor based on a spiral spring is usually a spiral spring attached to the shaft, placed in a cylindrical drum with a serrated edge. Unrolling around the axis, a spiral spring rotates the drum (inside which it is located), and its gear edge through it a system of wheels, a trigger mechanism and a regulator sets in motion a dial mechanism. When winding the clock, rotating the crown through the gears rotates the shaft connected to the spring, onto which a spiral spring is wound compressing [1].

The main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. Each coil spring during its unwinding changes its drive force. To eliminate this drawback, various methods have been and are being applied: the exception in the work of the spring its initial and final phase by using cam mechanisms, of which the Maltese mechanism, ring-shaped and finger cam mechanisms are most known.

The variability of the drive force can also be limited by lengthening the spring and increasing the supply of its energy. However, the spring is lengthened due to its thickness, which requires an increase in its size, and thin springs require special alloys that better withstand load and fatigue, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture, see, for example, [2].

Thus, the main disadvantage of a spring motor based on spiral springs is the uneven speed of unwinding of the spiral spring, which leads to inaccurate hours. In addition, the accuracy of a mechanical watch depends on many other factors, such as temperature, position of the watch, wear of parts and others. Therefore, for mechanical watches, discrepancy with the exact time of 15-45 seconds per day is considered normal, and the best result is 4-5 seconds per day.

At present, for example, in watches, mechanical watches with automatic winding of a spring (with automatic winding) are widely used. Automatic watches are more accurate, since the spring energy remains almost constant during the day, which leads to a constant value of the pulse transmitted to the regulator-balance [3].

The automatic winding mechanisms differ in their design features, but all known designs have an inertial sector, or a moving load, which, when the clock rotates, turns or swings around its axis and, through gravity, transfers additional energy to the engine spring. The inertial sector usually has a sufficiently large weight in order to overcome the resistance force of the winding spring, therefore its fastening to the watch mechanism must be strong and reliable enough.

In well-known watches with self-winding automatic winding, the spring should be wound up when the inertial sector turns in any direction. If the spring is started only when the inertial sector is turned in one direction, this leads to the fact that the spring is not fully recharged and the watch stops. The automatic winding sector of a watch rotates with any movements of a person’s hand, regardless of how much the watch’s spring is wound. In order to prevent the spring from breaking due to excessive overvoltage, it usually has a friction fastening to the drum, by which, having reached its maximum value, the spring slips in the drum for two to three turns, which allows the automatic winding to constantly work and avoid breaking it.

Automatic watches usually have a metal load fixed to the axis, usually made in the form of a sector. The center of gravity of the sector is shifted to the edge, and with any movements of the hand, it rotates around the axis, opening the clock spring through the gear system. So that the sector can overcome the resistance of the spring and start the watch, it must have a lot of inertia. Therefore, the sector is usually made of two parts: a thin light upper plate and a half ring of heavy tungsten alloy. They try to make the diameter of the sector as possible.

It is believed that for a fully automatic winding of the spring, a self-winding watch must be worn with movements of about 8 hours.

The main advantage of self-winding watches is that they do not need to be wound daily. At the same time, the sector constantly maintains the spring in tension close to the complete plant, which allows to achieve better accuracy. The second advantage is waterproof. The crown of the crown is one of the most vulnerable places in watches in terms of water protection. A self-winding watch has higher water resistance, as The crown is almost never used, which means that moisture and dirt are less likely to get inside.

The disadvantages of the automatic winding mechanisms are significant weight, structural complexity and an increased likelihood of breakdowns. Famous self-winding watches are thicker and heavier than ordinary ones. The need for a large sector limits the use of automatic winding in women's watches. The complication of the mechanism and the use of cargo from a rather expensive tungsten increases the cost of hours. In addition, the well-known automatic watch is very sensitive to shock. It happens that with strong impacts under the weight of the cargo sector, its supports break.

Also, automatic winding mechanisms (“automatic” plants) are known in which a swinging unbalanced load (cargo sector) twists (plant) the spring of a spring motor, in which an unbalanced load (rotor) is rigidly connected to the tribe and moves freely on the axis in both directions or in which tribe is constantly coupled to the gear wheel of the freewheel. Depending on the direction of rotation of the cargo sector, the gear gets rotation in the same direction and the spring is twisted [4].

A known automatic winding mechanism in the form of an inertial mass moving with a change of hours, characterized in that in order to be able to use the automatic winding in combination with any basic element without thickening, a heavy half ring is used, placed around the perimeter of the mechanism inside the case ring and held in the ring with three clips. In order to transfer the rotation of the load to the spring’s winding shaft, the inertial load is provided with a ring, the inner surface of which is made corrugated to interact with the roller mounted on the end of the lever equipped with a dog for ratchet movement on the winding shaft [5].

Known self-winding mechanisms can only be used in a portable watch, for example, a wrist watch, in which, under operating conditions, the oscillating movement of the rotor may occur. In addition, the main drawbacks of all known mechanical watches with automatic winding for the proper operation of the automatic winding mechanism is the need for an active mobile lifestyle of the watch user.

The Atmos desk clock with a torsion pendulum manufactured by Jaeger-le Coultre (Switzerland) and operating from changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure over time is known. [6].

The source of energy that supports the oscillation of the pendulum in this watch is the temperature difference in the air in the apartment or office. A temperature difference of 1 ° ensures the functioning of the watch for 2 days. The watch operates with a high degree of accuracy of the order of 1 s per day. In the absence of fluctuations in ambient temperature for 2 days (which is unlikely), the watch operates autonomously for 100 days due to the energy reserve of the winding spring enclosed in the drum.

Fluctuations in temperature serve as the energy of the spring winding, which operates in a short interval of a gentle curve of the moment, thereby ensuring high stability of the amplitude of oscillations and a high degree of accuracy.

To use fluctuations in air temperature at the winding of the spring, a special chemical substance C ₂ H ₅ Cl - ethyl chloride is used. Ethyl chloride vapors create a pressure equal to about atmospheric at + 12 ° C, at + 27 ° C the vapor pressure is maximum, i.e. watches work in a wide range of temperatures.

Ethyl chloride is placed in a sealed metal casing in the form of a short cylinder. Ethyl chloride fills the inner annular projections in the housing. With increasing temperature, the ethyl vapor expands and presses on the annular protrusions. The latter expand like furs. The movement of the annular protrusions is transmitted to the chain, which is attached to the spring at one end and to the ratchet device at the other end, which carries out the direct winding of the spring in the drum.

As the temperature decreases, the annular protrusions are compressed. Due to the temperature difference and the movement of ring protrusions to one side or the other, and with them the springs and chains, the spring is rewound in the drum.

To control the period of oscillation of the pendulum, there is a head, the full revolution of which corresponds to a change in the oscillation period by 10 s per day. The clock is adjustable with an accuracy of 1 s per day. The watch works only in a stationary position, sensitive to vibrations. They are equipped with a water level and three installation racks, of which one is stationary, and the other two are adjustable in height. To carry the clock, the pendulum is blocked by a special device.

The disadvantage of this watch, in particular its automatic drive mechanism, is that this watch only works in a stationary position, as use of watches as portable is not allowed. Since the energy received from changes in pressure and temperature over time is very small - as a result of a very long period of oscillations - under the influence of external influences - as a rule they have a very complex adjustment system to ensure high accuracy of the stroke. In addition, they require painstaking and precise adjustment to ensure the position of the torsion pendulum strictly perpendicular to the Earth's plane.

Also known from the prior art are watches designed by the author of this application, Konstantin Chaikin [7]. The clock contains a device for automatically driving the movable elements of the clock mechanism, which contains a heat engine configured to convert the temperature difference at two different points in space, either on the surfaces or on the surface and space, to the movement of the clock mechanism. In this case, the heat engine is made in the form of a Stirling heat engine of gamma type, rotary type or free-piston type.

The design of the Stirling propulsion system is based on the principle of separation of hot and cold working cavities and the method by which the working fluid is directed from one cavity to another. The Stirling heat engine is a mechanism for converting the temperature difference into energy of mechanical motion, in particular in the rotation of the flywheel or the output shaft, coupled to the transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism converts the movement (rotational, reciprocating) coming from the Stirling engine into the rotation of the clockwork shaft or the shaft of the drum of the watch, as well as the well-known automatic watch winding mechanisms. All other elements of the kinematic scheme perform the same functions as in a conventional clockwork. The Stirling heat engine is a heat engine in which a liquid or gaseous working fluid moves in a closed volume. The principle of its action is based on the periodic heating and cooling of the working fluid with the extraction of energy from the resulting change in the volume of the working fluid. It can work not only from fuel combustion, but also from almost any heat source [8]. In models of Stirling engines, where the heat exchange cylinder does not have a high-quality heater, the working fluid is not fully heated, but since the pressure in the gases spreads uniformly in all directions, its change affects the working piston, forcing it to move and do the job.

The main disadvantage of this watch is that the working temperature gradient of the low-temperature Stirling engine is 3-10 degrees Celsius. This difference is quite difficult to achieve under ordinary conditions in everyday life. In addition, the disadvantage is that the Stirling engine heat exchanger occupies a large volume in the housing to ensure normal operation, and the lack of self-starting of the engine in most types of structures is also a disadvantage. Another drawback of watches with a Stirling engine is the high requirement for ensuring the tightness of the engine heat exchanger, as a result of which the cost of the product increases.

The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is the solution disclosed in the patent [9]. The mechanism stated in it differs from previous designs of the automatic winding of the watch and focusing of the spring in that it uses an energy source that provides endless autonomous operation of the clock mechanism. The watch uses an improved source of energy, which responds to temperature changes for automatic winding. As such an energy source, a temperature-sensitive bimetallic coil is used, which, when expanded and compressed, rotates the mechanism of the crown. In this case, the bimetallic coil is fixed at one end to the fixed carrier of the coil, and at the second end to the orbital gear. In this case, due to the displacement of the bimetallic coil with a temperature change, the received energy is constantly transferred to the main spring of the plant and its winding is carried out continuously.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that obtaining useful work in the prototype is possible only when the external temperature changes in time, which, as a rule, gives very little useful work. For example, at the current time, the temperature is 20 degrees, and in a few hours the temperature will be 25 degrees. That is, useful work will be minimal on average. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the temperature difference at different points in space. If the prototype device is stationary relative to these points, there is no useful work.

Task and technical result

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development and practical implementation of easy-to-manufacture watches with a heat-sensitive drive. The essence of the utility model is to develop a design that allows the clockwork engine to be started by allowing the heat-sensitive element to alternately move from the cold region to the hot region, which provides a change in the geometry of this element, which leads to sufficient energy to move this element plus additional useful energy, which is used for winding the clockwork.

In relation to the prototype, the technical result is a significant increase (by orders of magnitude!) Of the engine winding efficiency of the clock mechanism, due to the self-supply of the device with an alternating temperature change relative to the heat-sensitive element, while in the prototype the temperature change occurs due to external factors and depends on these factors.

Utility Model Disclosure

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the utility model is achieved by the fact that the heat-sensitive drive of the clock mechanism containing at least one temperature-sensitive module, which in turn contains a temperature-sensitive element, and means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into movement of the winding mechanism, further comprises means for moving the thermosensitive module, the speed of which is set by the clockwork, while the thermosensitive The ode has at least one cooling zone and at least one heating zone.

In this case, the thermosensitive element is made in the form of a thermobimetallic spiral.

And the means of converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into the movement of the winding mechanism performs either rotational or reciprocating motion.

To perform rotational motion, the motion conversion means is made in the form of a stand for attaching an external coil of a spiral, a stand for attaching an internal coil of a spiral, a ratchet wheel located coaxially with the wheel of the heat-sensitive module, on which a dog spring-loaded, also located on the wheel of the heat-sensitive module, is fixed.

In addition, the heat-sensitive drive further comprises a central wheel for transmitting rotation from the heat-sensitive drive to the winding mechanism of the clock engine.

To make a reciprocating movement, the movement conversion means is made in the form of a straight segment connected to a gear rack, the teeth of which transmit movement to the ratchet winding wheel.

In this case, a carrier is used as a means of moving the module. In this case, the carrier has an axis of rotation.

In addition, the carrier has transverse bridges on which thermosensitive modules are located.

Moreover, the number of temperature-sensitive modules corresponds to the number of cooling and heating zones.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the utility model is achieved by the fact that the clock mechanism, containing a mechanical battery, gear, trigger control, oscillator, switch mechanism, additionally contains the above heat-sensitive drive.

In this case, the clock mechanism contains a mechanism for winding and translating hands.

In addition, the clock mechanism contains a transmission mechanism and a winding mechanism.

In this case, the winding mechanism is designed to transmit movement from a heat-sensitive drive to the clockwork engine.

In addition, the winding mechanism contains a tribe to which movement from the central wheel of the heat-sensitive drive is transmitted, a ratchet coaxially mounted on the tribe, a dog, a spring that provides one-way movement of the winding mechanism, and a drum wheel.

In this case, the transmission mechanism is designed to transmit movement from the clockwork to the means of moving the heat-sensitive module.

In this case, the transmission mechanism is set in motion by the wheel system of the clock mechanism.

In this case, the transmission mechanism is made in the form of a Maltese mechanism containing a cam, a pin and a Maltese cross.

At the same time, the Maltese mechanism sets in motion a means of converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element to the movement of the winding mechanism.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the utility model is achieved by the fact that a watch having a case and an indication means also contains the above-mentioned clock mechanism.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

The drawings show options for the design of the device, which is a watch with a heat-sensitive element.

For ease of explanation, the design and operation of the utility model is a watch with a heat-sensitive drive.

The drawings show the following structural elements:

1 - Watch case,

2 - Crown

3 - Dial

4 - hour hand

5 - minute hand

6 - Strap

7 - glass

8 - hand

9 - first metal

10 - second metal

11 - bimetallic spiral

12 - a rack of fastening of an external coil of a spiral

13 - rack fastening the inner coil of the spiral

14 - spring dog temperature-sensitive module

15 - wheel temperature-sensitive module

16 - ratchet temperature-sensitive module

17 - dog temperature-sensitive module

18 - temperature sensitive module

19 - the central wheel of the drive

20 - cooling zone

21 - heating zone

22 - drive carrier

23 - winding tribes

24 - winding ratchet

25 - winding dog

26 - winding dog spring

27 - drum wheel

28 - drum

29 - crown

30 - drum shaft

31 - center wheel

32 - intermediate wheel

33 second wheel

34 - anchor fork

35 - anchor wheel

36 - spiral balance

37 - cam of the Maltese mechanism

38 - Maltese pin

39 - Maltese cross

40 - hour movement with a winding mechanism and a jump mechanism

In FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a clock with a temperature-sensitive drive, showing the case 1, dial 2, crown 3, hour hand 4, minute hand 5, watch strap 6, temperature-sensitive module 18, in this view, the watch contains four temperature-sensitive modules to ensure high performance heat sensitive drive.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a heat-sensitive element of a bimetallic spiral tape, which shows the performance of a plate welded from two metals with a different coefficient of thermal expansion, a metal tape 9 and a metal tape 10.

In FIG. 3 shows a heat-sensitive element made in the form of a bimetallic spiral.

Figure 4 shows a change in the geometry of the bimetallic spiral 11 with a change in temperature.

var. a - the spiral is at a stable initial temperature

var. b - the spiral changes its geometry when heated, while it turns around.

var. c - the spiral cools back to its original temperature - it coils.

In FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a thermosensitive module, which is a thermosensitive element in the form of a bimetallic spiral 11, fixed with an inner end to a mounting stand 13, and an outer end, on a stand 12, which is rigidly fixed to the ratchet wheel 16. The ratchet wheel 16 is aligned with the wheel 15. A dog 17 is fixed to the wheel 15, which is spring-loaded with a spring 14 located also on the wheel 15.

In FIG. 6 shows a temperature-sensitive module in a perspective view.

In FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a heat-sensitive drive containing two temperature-sensitive modules located on carrier 22.

When the temperature changes, the movement obtained from the heat-sensitive element 11 is transmitted through a rigidly fixed stand of the external turn 12 to the ratchet 16, which in turn pushes the dog 17 located on the wheel 15 with its teeth, thus turning the wheel 15. At the same time, the mounting stand of the inner turn 13 , rigidly mounted on the carrier 22, and the wheel 15 and the ratchet 16 are made with the possibility of free rotation relative to each other. The movement from the wheel 15 is transmitted to the central wheel 19, which in turn transmits rotation to the winding mechanism.

In FIG. 8 shows a structural-functional diagram of a mechanism with a heat-sensitive element. In which the blocks show a thermosensitive drive including a thermosensitive module and a module moving means that moves in the HFM drive alternately from a region with a higher temperature to a region with a lower one. A clock mechanism is also indicated with its standard units, such as a mechanical accumulator, gear transmission, descent, oscillator, a clock mechanism and a mechanism for winding and shifting hands, as well as a transmission mechanism.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows a variant of the kinematic diagram of a clock mechanism with a heat-sensitive drive, which shows a heat-sensitive drive consisting of zones 20 and 21, one of which cools with a lower temperature and the second heats with a higher temperature. When heated, the heat-sensitive element 11 drives the wheels of the heat-sensitive module 18, which transmit movement through the central wheel 19 to the winding mechanism consisting of ratchet 24, dog 25 and dog spring 26, as well as the gearbox consisting of the tribe 23 and wheel 27. The clock mechanism consists of a spring engine - a drum 28, with a spring 29, a winding shaft 30, a central wheel 31, an intermediate wheel 32, a second wheel 33, an anchor wheel 35, an anchor fork 34, and a balance-spiral oscillator 36. In this embodiment, the second the wheel drives the transmission mechanism, which in this embodiment is made in the form of a Maltese mechanism consisting of a cam 37, a pin 38 and a Maltese cross 39, from which the movement is transmitted to a carrier 22 of a heat-sensitive drive.

In FIG. 10-14, the operation of the heat-sensitive drive in different operating phases is shown.

In FIG. 10 shows the position of the thermosensitive drive, where the thermosensitive modules have just been moved to a position above the heating region 21 and the thermosensitive element 11 is in the position where the spiral is folded and has not yet heated up.

In FIG. 11 shows the next phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the position of the temperature-sensitive module is located above the heating region 21, and the temperature-sensitive element 11 is deployed as a result of heating, the external coil of the spiral is deployed on which the rack 12 is fixed, which is fixed to the ratchet 16. As a result of the rotation of the spiral 11, occurs Ratchet 16 rotation on its axis. The ratchet teeth push the dog 17, which is mounted on the wheel 15, and the wheel 15 also rotates. The wheels 15 engage with the central wheel 19, which also rotates. The rotation obtained from the wheel 19 is transmitted further to the winding mechanism.

In FIG. 12 shows the next phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the position of the temperature-sensitive module changes due to the rotation of the carrier 22, which is driven by a transmission mechanism. The temperature-sensitive module moves from the heating zone 21 to the cooling zone 20. In this case, the wheel 19 is in place, the teeth of the wheel 15 are rolled around the stationary wheel 19, the dog located on the wheel 15 slides relative to the ratchet 16, which at the moment of rotation remains stationary relative to the carrier 22

In FIG. 13 shows the next phase of operation of the thermosensitive drive, where the carrier completed the turn and the thermosensitive module 18 stopped in the cooling zone 20. At this moment, the spiral is still in a twisted state.

In FIG. 14 shows the next phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the temperature-sensitive module is located in zone 20. Zone 20 is the cooling zone in which the spiral 11 is cooled, at the outer end of which there is a column 11 that returns the ratchet 16 in the opposite direction. The dog then slips and the wheel 15 remains in place.

In FIG. 15 shows a cross-section of a watch with hand 8 shown on it, a watch case 8, a strap 6, a watch mechanism 40, a cooling zone 20, a heating zone 21, a temperature-sensitive module 18, a central wheel 19, a carrier 22, an hour hand 4, a minute hand 5, a glass 7.

In FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a thermosensitive actuator with four thermosensitive modules 18 for more efficient operation.

Utility Model Implementation

The modern history of shape memory alloys begins in the late forties of the 20th century, when Kurdyumov G.V. and Handorson L.G. noticed that the alloy studied by them has a shape memory effect. Later, this effect was recognized by the discovery and received the name Kurdyumova. The unique effect of shape memory quickly gained fame around the world and to date, more than 120 alloys with the ability to self-restore shape have been developed. These are alloys based on metal systems Au-Cd, Cu-Zn-Al, Cu-Al-Ni, Fe-Mn-S, Fe-Ni, Cu-Al, Cu-Mn, Co-Ni, Ni-Ti, Ni- Al and others. At the same time, Ni-Ti are superelastic alloys with a shape memory effect.

The effects of shape memory, reversible shape memory and superelasticity in the above alloys are due to macroscopic reflection of micro- and nanostructured transformations of the crystal lattice during the first-kind polymorphic austenitic-martensitic phase transformation and therefore these properties are preserved for almost the entire life of a particular product. In life, the implementation of physical processes in a metal is implemented approximately as follows. If you apply a little mechanical force, a product from such an alloy in a cooled martensitic state can be given any configuration and even stretch by 7-8%, in some cases up to 12%, of relative length, like a rubber band. This configuration will be preserved until the object is heated to the temperature of the beginning of the austenitic transformation, and during heating to the temperature of completion of the austenitic transformation, the alloy does not go into the austenitic phase, completely restoring the previous shape and realizing the shape memory effect. If we limit the external effect on a specially processed element from an alloy with a shape memory only by heating and cooling in the temperature range of completed austenitic-martensitic transformations, then the element will spontaneously bend both during heating and cooling, realizing the effect of a reversible shape memory. At the same time, like the optimally loaded power elements of any metal structures, this element can take the form of a tensile thin rectilinear wire that can deform almost infinitely spontaneously during heating and cooling by 2% relative length, generating hundreds of times larger than bimetallic elements of the same mass of force. The effect of superelasticity is realized in an alloy product with a shape memory located in the temperature zone of a stable austenitic state. If, at the same time, the article is made of deforming an alloy product with a shape memory, thereby stimulating a martensitic transformation at a constant temperature by forced force action, then after eliminating this effect, the element, like a spring, will completely return to its original shape. The only difference is that, unlike the best springs, it will have an almost inexhaustible resource, and, having the shape of a straight string, it can be superelastically deformed by 7-8% relative length, storing tens of times more energy than a traditional spring. The shape memory effect in alloys, for example, based on Ni-Ti, is so pronounced that the temperature range can be accurately controlled from several to tens of degrees, introducing various additional alloying elements into the alloy. In addition, alloys based on Ni-Ti, which have received the accepted name worldwide as nitinol, are quite technologically advanced in processing, resistant to corrosion and have excellent physical and mechanical characteristics: for example, the tensile strength of nitinol ranges from 770-1100 MPa, which corresponds to similar characteristics of most steels, and the damping ability is higher than that of cast iron, high ductility and the ability to remember the shape up to a million times. The surface of nitinol elements, like those of many titanium alloys, is coated with titanium dioxide, which determines their highest corrosion resistance to sea water, brines, most acids and alkalis. A unique combination of physical and mechanical properties made it possible to use alloys with shape memory in various fields of science and technology, including medicine, space, mining, the production of all kinds of temperature sensors and drives, and robotics when creating thermomechanical devices [10].

In this case, the thermobimetallic spiral serves to convert the temperature into movement. A layer of thermobimetal having a large coefficient of linear expansion is called active, in contrast to an inert layer with a lower coefficient of linear expansion. When heated, the bimetallic strip bends towards the inert component.

Thus, in the utility model, a bimetallic spiral is used, which, due to its unique properties, implements the operation of the heat-sensitive drive mechanism. In addition to the shape of the heat-sensitive element in the form of a spiral, it is possible to use another geometric shape of the heat-sensitive element, for example, a straight line segment, an arc segment, etc.

The thermosensitive drive in turn comprises a thermosensitive module that moves alternately from the high temperature region to the low temperature region by means of the module moving means. The watch case and the space inside it are made in such a way as to ensure the presence of regions with different temperatures inside the case, for example, by using materials with high thermal conductivity and materials with low thermal conductivity, as well as additional cooling elements. In more detail, such zones are indicated in FIG. 15. These zones are cooling regions 20 and heating regions 21. That is, a cooling zone is a region that insulates heat (hands or any other external heater) and a heating zone is a region that passes heat (hands or any other external heater). Moreover, the speed, duration and tact of movements of the temperature-sensitive module is controlled by a clock mechanism, as will be described in detail below.

The thermosensitive drive is designed to convert the temperature change of the thermosensitive element into mechanical motion, into mechanical work. Movement from the clock mechanism through the transmission mechanism is transmitted to the input of the temperature-sensitive drive to the module moving means, which alternately moves the temperature-sensitive module from the area with a higher temperature to the area with a lower temperature. Then, when the thermally sensitive module 18 enters the region with a higher temperature 21, a useful rotational movement is formed at the module output due to a change in the geometry of the thermally sensitive element (thermobimetallic spiral) 11, which is then transmitted through the wheel 19 to the winding mechanism. In addition to rotational, other types of mechanical motion, for example, reciprocating, can be used.

The thermosensitive module is a mechanism comprising a thermosensitive element 11 and means for converting the movement of the thermosensitive element into mechanical movement. In the figures presented, for simplicity of explanation, only rotational motion is illustrated. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that any other type of movement, such as reciprocating, is also possible.

We turn to figures 5 and 6, which shows the rotational motion, made one-way. To ensure one-way traffic with temperature changes, i.e. when heating the temperature-sensitive element 11, he turns the ratchet 16 and he, in turn, turns the wheel 15 through the dog 17. When cooling the temperature-sensitive element 11, he turns, entraining and turning the ratchet in the opposite direction, but the dog slides along the teeth and the wheel 15 remains in place. Thus, the temperature-sensitive module is designed to convert temperature changes into mechanical motion.

Moreover, in an embodiment of the means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into reciprocating motion, the heat-sensitive element is made in the form of a straight segment. When the temperature changes, the movement is transmitted to the gear rack, the teeth of which transmit the movement to the ratchet of the winding, turning it, with the reverse movement of the heat-sensitive element, the rack teeth slip relative to the ratchet.

A thermosensitive element (TEC) is a structural element, when its temperature changes, its geometry changes. For example, TCE can be a bimetallic element or a tube with a liquid. In our example, the bimetallic spiral shown in FIG. 3. The principle of operation of bimetallic thermosensitive elements is based on the property of the bimetal to bend, change geometry when the temperature changes. Bimetal consists of two metal plates with different coefficients of linear thermal expansion, welded or brazed together. FIG. 2. The most commonly used components or layers for spirals are brass-steel, invar-low-magnetic steel, invar-tompak, etc. [eleven]. The operation of the TCE - bimetallic spiral is shown in FIG. 4. With increasing temperature, the spiral unfolds as shown in FIG. 4b, when the temperature decreases, the spiral coils, as shown in FIG. 4c. The tests performed show that the angle of rotation of the spring when the temperature changes by one degree Celsius is 3 degrees of the arc.

To alternately move the temperature-sensitive module from the area with a colder temperature to the area with a warmer, means for moving the module are used. The module moving means receives movement from the transmission mechanism, which in turn is driven by a clock mechanism. In our example in FIG. 7, it represents a carrier 22 having an axis of rotation, on the transverse bridges of which are thermally sensitive modules 18, the rotation speed of the carrier is controlled by a transmission mechanism from a clock mechanism. In the heat-sensitive drive, the rotation obtained from the wheel 15 of the heat-sensitive module 18 is transmitted to the wheel 19 and then transmitted to the winding mechanism. It should be understood that the movement of the module can also be carried out both by rotational and by other means of movement, such as, for example, reciprocating.

The winding mechanism is designed to transmit movement from a heat-sensitive drive to the clock engine. As a rule, its construction includes a gearbox, which converts a small moment generated by the drive into a large moment, sufficient to rotate the engine’s crown and tighten the engine spring.

The transmission mechanism is designed to transmit movement from the clock to the means of movement of the module 18 of the heat-sensitive drive. In one design variant, it can be implemented as a mechanism that converts the rotational movement of the gear mechanism of the clock mechanism into intermittent movement of a carrier of a heat-sensitive drive, through the use of an intermittent movement mechanism, for example, the Maltese mechanism. The transmission mechanism is designed to transmit movement from the clockwork to the means of movement of the thermosensitive drive module.

Clockwork - is the main element of the device, the function of which is to ensure uniform movement of time of the indicating elements, the clockwork. An additional function used in our device is the control of the operation cycle of the thermosensitive drive.

The clock mechanism contains a mechanical accumulator, a gear transmission, a trigger regulator, an oscillator, a clock mechanism, a clock winding and a translation mechanism.

As you know, the trigger regulator of the clock mechanism is a device consisting of an oscillator that performs uniform oscillations and descent, converts the oscillations into time intervals of the actuator, while the energy supply to the oscillator to maintain its oscillation is regulated by the same descent.

The gear transmission (main wheel system) consists of gears, connects the engine with the trigger control and transmits the movement to the clock mechanism.

A mechanical accumulator (an energy source, a mechanical accumulator) is necessary for storing energy and activating and maintaining the action of the clock mechanism. Basically, the clock uses spring and weight-lifting engines. The spring motor accumulates the energy of the watch factory. In watches, as a rule, use a drum with a spiral spring inside. The spring in the winding spring motors is typically made with a frictional external coil.

The switch mechanism is an actuator, as a rule, consists of a system of gears and transmits movement from the main wheel system to the arrows.

The mechanism of the winding and the movement of the hands allows you to manually start the spring motor and set the hands in the desired position. This mechanism may consist of a crown, a crown, a system of levers and gears.

An oscillator is a system which, when displaced from an equilibrium position, experiences the action of a restoring force proportional to the displacement. In watches, the oscillator is typically a pendulum or balance-spiral system 36, as shown, for example, in FIG. 9.

The embodiment and operation of the device according to the utility model are disclosed below.

The proposed embodiment of the clock mechanism of FIG. 9 comprises a heat-sensitive drive comprising: a cooling zone 20 and a heating zone 21. It also comprises a module moving means consisting of a carrier 22, on which at least one temperature-sensitive module 18 is located, comprising, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6, a heat-sensitive element in the form of a thermo-bimetallic spiral 11, fixed with an inner end to a fastening stand 13, and an outer end, on a stand 12, which is rigidly fixed to the ratchet wheel 16. The ratchet wheel 16 is aligned with the wheel 15. On the wheel 15 is fixed a dog 17, which is spring-loaded with a spring 14, also located on the wheel 15. From the wheels 15, useful work is transmitted to the wheel 19 and then to the winding mechanism. The winding mechanism comprises a tribe 23, to which movement from the wheel 19 is transmitted, a ratchet 24 coaxially mounted on the tribe, a dog 25 and a spring 26 providing one-way movement of the winding mechanism and a heat-sensitive drive. Also contains a wheel 27. The tribe 23 and the wheel 27 form a gear. Wheel 27 transmits movement to the clockwork engine. The clock mechanism contains a mechanical battery, a gear drive, a trigger regulator, an oscillator, a clock mechanism, a clock winding and a translation mechanism. In FIG. 9 drum 28, with a spring 29, a winding shaft 30, a central wheel 31, an intermediate wheel 32, a second wheel 33, an anchor wheel 35, an anchor fork 34 and a balance-spiral oscillator 36. In this embodiment, the second wheel 33 drives the transmission mechanism.

The transmission mechanism in our example is made in the form of a Maltese mechanism - an intermittent movement mechanism containing a cam 37, a pin 38 and a Maltese cross 39. When turning, the Maltese cross sets in motion a means of moving the module - carrier 22.

The operation of the device is disclosed in detail in FIG. 9. As follows from figure 9, when the thermally sensitive module 18 is located in the heating zone 21, the geometry of the thermally sensitive element, the thermobimetallic spiral 11, changes and it unfolds. The inner coil of the spiral is rigidly fixed to the stand 13, which in turn is rigidly fixed to the carrier 22. When the spiral 11 is rotated, it carries the ratchet 16, on which the rack 12 is fixed, which holds the outer coil of the spiral 11. The ratchet rotates and pushes the dog with one of the teeth 17, spring-loaded with a spring 14, which are placed on the wheel 15, the wheel 15 with the dog 17 is rotated. The central wheel 19, which also rotates, is engaged with the wheel 15. Wheel 19 is connected to the tribe 23 of the winding mechanism. The ratchet 24 is fixed coaxially with the tribe 23. The dog 25 slides freely, allowing the ratchet 24 to turn. The tribe 23 engages with the wheel 27 forming a gearbox that converts a small moment on the tribe 23 to a larger moment on the wheel 27. On the axis of the wheel is a winding shaft 30, which starts, twists the spring 29 of the clock mechanism. Dog 25 does not allow spring 29 to turn in the opposite direction. The spring is located in the housing of the drum 28 with a gear ring, which engages with the central wheel 31, which in turn transmits rotation to the intermediate wheel 32, then in turn to the second 33, the second engages with the anchor wheel 35 and puts into operation a trigger control mechanism consisting of an anchor wheel 35, an anchor fork 34, and a balance-spiral assembly 35. Which causes the gear transmission to rotate at the same speed. On the axis of the second wheel 35 there is a cam of the Maltese mechanism of intermittent movement, which contains a pin 38. The second wheel makes one revolution per minute and the cam pin 38, once a minute rotates the blade of the Maltese cross 90 degrees. On the axis of the Maltese cross there is a carrier 22 carrying a thermally sensitive module 18. When turning carrier 22, the thermally sensitive module in its next phase is installed in the cooling zone 20. When cooled, the thermally sensitive element 11 is folded. When folding, the heat-sensitive element 11 rotates the ratchet wheel 16 through the strut 12. The dog 17 does not interfere with the movement of the ratchet wheel 16 and slips. Wheel 15 also remains in place, since its movement in the opposite direction limits the ratchet 24 and the dog 25.

A detailed description of the operating phases of the heat-sensitive drive and its operation cycle is shown in figures 10-14.

In FIG. 10 shows the position of the thermosensitive drive, where the thermosensitive modules have just been moved to a position above the heating region 21 and the thermosensitive element 11 is in the position where the spiral is folded and has not yet had time to heat up.

In FIG. 11 shows the next phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the position of the temperature-sensitive module is located above the heating region 21, and the temperature-sensitive element 11 is deployed as a result of heating, the external coil of the spiral is deployed, on which the stand 12 is fixed, which is mounted on the ratchet 16. As a result of the rotation of the spiral 11, the ratchet 16 is rotated on its axis. The ratchet teeth push the dog 17, which is mounted on the wheel 15, and the wheel 15 also rotates. The wheels 15 engage with the central wheel 19, which also rotates. The rotation received from the wheel 19 is transmitted further to the winding mechanism.

In FIG. 12 shows the next phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the position of the temperature-sensitive module changes due to the rotation of the carrier 22, which is driven by a transmission mechanism. The temperature-sensitive module moves from the heating zone 21 to the cooling zone 20. In this case, the wheel 19 is in place, the teeth of the wheel 15 are rolled around the stationary wheel 19, the dog located on the wheel 15 slides relative to the ratchet 16, which at the moment of rotation remains stationary relative to the carrier 22 .

In FIG. 13 shows the next phase of operation of the thermosensitive drive, where the carrier completed the turn and the thermosensitive module 18 stopped in the cooling zone 20. At this moment, the spiral is still in a twisted state.

In FIG. 14 shows the phase of operation of the temperature-sensitive drive, where the temperature-sensitive module is located in zone 20. Zone 20 is the cooling zone in which the spiral 11 is cooled, at the outer end of which there is a stand 12, which returns the ratchet 16 in the opposite direction. The dog then slips and the wheel 15 remains in place.

This ensures the achievement of the required technical result, namely: a significant increase (by orders of magnitude!) In the efficiency of the winding of the clockwork engine, due to the self-supply of an alternating temperature change with respect to the thermally sensitive element.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also allow you to implement the utility model in an industrial way.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1.http: //bse.sci-lib.com/article121589.html Watch (device). Great Soviet Encyclopedia

2. http://www.watches.ru/index.php?page=30&art=55

3. http://remontchasov.ucoz.ru/index/avtopodzavod_v_chasakh/0-45.

4. Axelrod M. Theory and design of time instruments. "Engineering", Leningrad, 1969, p. 45-47

5. SU 146702, published by BI No. 8 for 1962.

6. Tarasov S.V. Devices of time. Moscow, "MECHANICAL ENGINEERING", 1976, p. 39-40.

7. RU 137129, LLC Konstantin Chaykin, published on 01/27/2014.

8. Walker G. Machines operating on the Stirling cycle. trans. from English M. Energy 1978; Stirling engines. Under. ed. Kruglova M.G. M. Engineering. 1977

9. US 6457856, Philips Stephen, 10/01/2002.

10. Likhachev V.A. et al. The effect of shape memory. L., Leningrad State University Publishing House. 1987.216 s.

11. B.A. Ace, N.M. Zhukova, E.F. Antipov “Details and components of aircraft devices and their calculation, Moscow 1966, pp. 102-112.

Claims (20)

1. The heat-sensitive drive of the clock mechanism, comprising at least one heat-sensitive module, in turn, comprising a heat-sensitive element, and means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into movement of the winding mechanism, characterized in that it further comprises means for moving the heat-sensitive module, the speed of which is set clock mechanism, while the heat-sensitive drive has at least one cooling zone and at least one heating zone. 2. The temperature-sensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature-sensitive element is made in the form of a thermobimetallic spiral. 3. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element to the movement of the winding mechanism performs either rotational or reciprocating movement. 4. The thermosensitive drive according to claim 3, characterized in that for performing rotational motion, the motion conversion means is made in the form of a rack for attaching an external coil of a spiral, a rack for attaching an internal coil of a spiral, a ratchet, located coaxially with the wheel of the thermosensitive module on which the dog is fixed, spring-loaded, also located on the wheel of the temperature-sensitive module. 5. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a central wheel for transmitting rotation from the heat-sensitive drive to the winding mechanism of the clock engine. 6. The heat-sensitive drive according to claim 3, characterized in that for reciprocating motion, the motion conversion means is made in the form of a straight segment connected to a gear rack, the teeth of which transmit movement to the ratchet winding wheel. 7. The thermosensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a carrier is used as a means of moving the module. 8. The thermosensitive drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier has an axis of rotation. 9. The thermosensitive drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier has transverse bridges on which the thermosensitive modules are located. 10. The temperature-sensitive drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of temperature-sensitive modules corresponds to the number of cooling and heating zones. 11. A clock mechanism comprising a mechanical battery, gear, trigger, oscillator, clock mechanism, characterized in that it further comprises a temperature-sensitive drive according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10. 12. The clockwork according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a factory movement and a hand movement. 13. The clockwork according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a transmission mechanism and a winding mechanism. 14. The clockwork according to claim 13, wherein the winding mechanism is designed to transmit movement from a heat-sensitive drive to the clockwork engine. 15. The clock mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the winding mechanism comprises a tribe to which movement from the central wheel of the heat-sensitive drive is transmitted, a ratchet coaxially mounted on the tribe, a dog, a spring that provides one-way movement of the winding mechanism, and a drum wheel. 16. The clock mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the transmission mechanism is designed to transmit movement from the clock mechanism to the means of moving the heat-sensitive module. 17. The clock mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the transmission mechanism is driven by the wheel system of the clock mechanism. 18. Clockwork under item 13, characterized in that the transmission mechanism is made in the form of a Maltese mechanism containing a cam, a pin and a Maltese cross. 19. The clock mechanism under item 18, characterized in that the Maltese mechanism sets in motion a means of converting the movement of the heat-sensitive element into movement of the winding mechanism. 20. Watches having a case and indication means also comprise a clock mechanism according to any one of claims. 11-19.

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