RU2544629C2 - Method of feeding pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock breeding, namely, to the method of feeding young pigs. The natural sorption mineral substance "Carbosil" is added to the feed for young pigs in nursery, in the amount of 2% by weight of the dry matter of feed per head per day.

EFFECT: embodiment of the invention provides increase in average daily weight gain, and also provides prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of animals throughout the growing period.

4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, and in particular to methods of feeding pigs.

Known methods for feeding pigs by introducing into the feed mineral substances, for example a zeolite-containing siliceous marl, extracted from deposits of Tatarsky-Shatransky and Maynsky (Ulyanovsk region) (RU 2044494 C1, 6 A23K 1/175, 09/27/1995), also feeding zeolite additive ibesite - zeolite-containing tufa Tripoli N. Aibesinsky deposits of the Chuvash Republic (RU 2122331 C1, 6 A23K 1/175, 11/27/1998). The disadvantage of the considered analogues is their high cost due to transport costs for the delivery of zeolite-containing natural mineral substances.

Object of the invention: the development of an effective method of feeding pigs of various age groups by introducing into the feed of the natural sorption mineral substance "Carbosil".

"Carbosil" in mineral composition differs significantly from the substances mentioned in the above analogues. “Carbosil” - a natural sorption mineral substance, consists of residual calcium carbonate, which is more saturated with amorphous silica and newly formed minerals: zeolite and montmorillonite. In quantitative terms, the proportion of zeolite in the material is 15-25%, bentonite - 15-30%, 5-25% of hydrated soluble silicon (in an amorphous state) and 40-45% of active calcium carbonate. A feature of these minerals is the defectiveness of their crystal lattice, which determines their high sorption and biological activity.

“Karbosil” is characterized by high porosity (up to 60-70% of its volume), which is presented from a few millimeters - pores of leaching of calcium carbonate to micron fractions in zeolites and bentonites, in hydrolyzed silicon, which provides the substance with high sorption properties. The natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” is mined in the “Hvorostyanskoye” deposit of the Gubkinsky district of the Belgorod region.

Table 1 Hematological parameters of sows when using "Karbosil" Groups Total protein, g% Immunoglobulins, units Aminotransferase, μmol / ml Phospholipids, mg% AsAT AlAT 1st control 4.70 ± 0.38 8.32 ± 0.8 0.15 ± 0.01 0.35 ± 0.02 131.4 ± 1.5 2nd experienced 7.37 ± 0.65 18.89 ± 1.3 0.20 ± 0.02 0.44 ± 0.03 117.2 ± 1.6 3rd experienced 7.47 ± 0.58 18.53 ± 1.4 0.17 ± 0.01 0.37 ± 0.03 97.7 ± 1.5 1.5

table 2 Hematological parameters of sows when using "Karbosil" Groups Ca, mg% P, mg% Mg, mg% Fe, mcg% Zn, mcg% Cu, mcg% Iodine, mcg% Mn, whole blood, mcg% 1st control 11.9 ± 1.2 7.27 ± 0.84 3.54 ± 0.4 192 ± 18.2 150 ± 13.5 216 ± 18.6 4.30 ± 0.3 9.8 ± 0.8 2nd experienced 11.2 ± 1.6 5.85 ± 0.5 2.68 ± 0.1 166 ± 14.2 104 ± 10.6 210 ± 19.2 4.12 ± 0.4 9.8 ± 1.1 3rd experienced 11.8 ± 1.2 5.38 ± 0.4 2.83 ± 0.2 194 ± 18.2 113 ± 9.6 206 ± 18.6 3.12 ± 0.2 9.1 ± 0.8

Scientific and economic experiments using the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” were carried out on sows, starting from the last third of gestation and until weaning piglets, suckling pigs and young pigs for rearing and fattening.

Example 1. The experiment was conducted on sows of large white breed from the last third of gestation and until weaning piglets. Duration 60 days. Formed 3 groups of animals of 10-12 goals. The first group of animals is the control. The second experimental group was introduced into the feed "Karbosil" at a dose of 1.5% by weight of dry matter of feed per head per day, the third group - 0.75%. The introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” was carried out 2 times a day, while feeding animals. The animals were monitored taking into account the clinical condition, taking into account the feed eatability, the quantity and clinical condition of the obtained piglets, their weight during farrowing, the safety and growth of live weight for weaning. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, studies were carried out of morphological and biochemical blood parameters of sows. Chemical analyzes of feed and feces in sows of three groups were also performed.

An analysis of the results indicates that there were no significant differences in the number of piglets born per sow. Hematological indicators of sows are presented in tables 1, 2.

An analysis of the results indicates that the serum of pigs treated with "Karbosil" significantly increased protein content compared with the experimental group, which indicates the activity of protein metabolism. Also, the content of immunoglobulins in blood serum increased more than 2 times. At the same time, the content of phospholipids decreased and the content of aminotransferases increased slightly.

An analysis of the state of mineral metabolism indicates that the content of total calcium is almost the same in control and experimental animals, and the content of inorganic phosphorus and magnesium slightly decreased. Significantly lower in comparison with control animals was the zinc content in the blood serum of experimental animals - lower by 31%.

An analysis of the data obtained in the study of feces of experimental sows shows that, first of all, the feces of animals treated with Karbosil reduced the content of crude protein, as well as crude fat and crude fiber. The above indicators indicate an improvement in the digestibility of the main nutrients of the diet when using the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil”.

In addition, sows fed 1.5% Carbosil daily increased their stool ash by 70%, mainly due to calcium, which increased by 50%, and iron and zinc by 88 and 80%, respectively. the copper content decreased by 48%.

Thus, the introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Carbosil” into sows feed during the last month of gestation activates metabolic processes and increases the body's resistance and assimilation of the main nutrients of the diet - proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Example 2. The experiment was conducted on suckling pigs, starting from birth to weaning. The duration of the experiment is 26 days. Formed 3 groups of animals of 12 goals. The first group of animals is the control. The second experimental group was introduced into the feed "Karbosil" at a dose of 2% by weight of dry matter of feed per head per day, the third group - 4%. The introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” was carried out 2 times a day, while feeding animals. The animals were monitored taking into account the clinical condition, taking into account the feed eatability, taking into account their weight during farrowing, the safety and growth of live weight for weaning, and hematological studies were performed. The results of experiments on introducing the natural sorption mineral substance “Carbosil” into the feed to the suckling pigs are presented in Table 3. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that at the end of the suction period, the pigs receiving “Karbosil” have large live weight gain compared to the control group of piglets . With the introduction of 2% “Karbosil” into the feed, the growth of piglets increased by 9% compared with the control, with a 4% introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil”, the increase increased by only 4%.

Thus, the most effective is the introduction of 2% "Carbosil", which provides an increase in growth compared with the control by 22.8%.

It should be noted that during the entire suction period in piglets in the control group there were cases of diarrhea for six days, while in experimental animals there was no impairment of the gastrointestinal tract, which once again emphasizes the positive effect of the natural sorption mineral substance “Carbosil” "On the digestive system.

Table 3 Productivity indicators of suckling piglets when using "Karbosil" Groups Number of animals Conditions
feeding Average live weight, kg The average growth of one animal, kg Daily average gain The presence of diarrhea, days Start of experience End of experience g % 1st 12 Feed 3.9 7.4 3,5 0.175 one hundred 5 control 2nd 12 Feed 4.2 8.5 4.3 0.215 122.8 - control + 2% "Carbosil" 3rd 12 Feed 2.1 6.2 4.1 0.205 117.1 - control + 4% "Carbosil"

An analysis of the results indicates that there were no significant differences in most of the studied hematological parameters in suckling piglets. There was a slight increase in serum total calcium in the second and third groups, respectively, by 8 and 9%. A more significant increase in the content of inorganic phosphorus by 11.5 and 4%, respectively, was found.

Thus, the addition of the natural sorption mineral substance “Carbosil” to the suckling pigs in the feed is an effective means of preventing gastrointestinal diseases and contributes to an increase in the live weight gain of young pigs.

Example 3. The experiment was conducted on young pigs in rearing. The duration of the experiment is 54 days. Formed 3 groups of animals of 30 goals, one of the groups is the control. The first experimental group was introduced into the feed "Karbosil" at a dose of 2%, and the second group at a dose of 3% to the feed. The introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” was carried out each feeding. The animals were monitored taking into account the clinical condition, increase in live weight, safety, taking into account the feed intake. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, control weighing of animals was performed, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood were studied. Feces and feed were also investigated.

The average daily gain in live weight of young pigs in rearing, receiving 2% of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil”, was 13.4% more compared to control animals of the first group. In addition, gastrointestinal diseases of animals are completely prevented during the entire period of growing.

Example 4. The experiment was conducted on young fattening pigs. The duration of the experiment is 73 days. Formed 3 groups of animals of 30 goals, one of the control groups. The first experimental group was introduced into the feed "Karbosil" at a dose of 2%, and the second group - at a dose of 3% to the feed, the third group of the control. The introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” was carried out once a day. The animals were monitored taking into account the clinical condition, increase in live weight, safety, taking into account the eatability of the feed, the quality of the products obtained. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, control weighing of animals was carried out, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, internal organs and meat were studied. A study of feces and feed was also performed.

The average daily gain was: 1 group - 903 grams, 2 group - 888 grams, 3 group - 842 grams.

The average daily gain in live weight of young pigs fed, fed 2% of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil”, was 7.2% more compared to control animals of the first group. The growth of animals of the 3rd group amounted to 5.4% more than the control.

The results of the study of meat quality are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Biochemical indicators of pig meat when using "Karbosil" Name of analysis 1st group of animals 2nd group of animals The control Moisture,% 73.05 ± 5.8 73.65 ± 6.1 74.01 ± 5.6 Dry matter% 26.95 ± 2.1 26.35 ± 1.8 25.99 ± 2.5 Fat,% 5.25 ± 0.4 6.06 ± 0.5 6.14 ± 0.5 Total nitrogen,% 3.2 ± 0.2 3.21 ± 0.3 3.1 ± 0.2 Nitrogen is not protein,% 0.27 ± 0.03 0.27 ± 0.02 0.24 ± 0.02 Protein,% 20.02 ± 1.6 20.03 ± 1.8 19.4 ± 1.5 Protein,% 18.33 ± 1.2 18.34 ± 1.1 17.89 ± 1.2 Tryptophan,% 1.25 ± 0.1 1.25 ± 0.1 1.23 ± 0.2 Oxyproline,% 0.284 ± 0.03 0.294 ± 0.04 0.28 ± 0.03 Moisture absorption, by weight of meat% 54.5 ± 4.6 55.52 ± 3.8 51.12 ± 4.2 Calorie content, kJ 648.4 ± 38.5 646.4 ± 41.6 641.2 ± 38.6 Calcium,% 0.111 ± 0.02 0.113 ± 0.018 0.105 ± 0.02 Phosphorus,% 0.798 ± 0.06 0.798 ± 0.07 0.846 ± 0.1 Magnesium,% 0.506 ± 0.03 0.520 ± 0.04 0.525 ± 0.03 Iron,% 173.2 ± 15 196.5 ± 21 171.4 ± 18 Zinc,% 98.94 ± 12 101.4 ± 8.6 103.84 ± 11.1

An analysis of the results indicates that when the carbosil natural sorption mineral substance is introduced into the feed, an increase in the dry matter content of meat from 25.99% to 26.95% and 26.35% is observed.

It was found that the use of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” in the feeding of young pigs helps to reduce the fat content in meat, from 6.14% to 5.25%, or by 14.5%. At the same time, in meat, the protein content increases from 19.4% to 20.03%, or by 3.25%, and protein from 17.89% to 18.34%, or by 2.5%.

It should be noted that the introduction of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” into the feed contributes to an increase in the moisture capacity in meat from 51.12% to 55.52%, or by 8.6%.

Introduction to the feed of the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” to sows - 1.5% each feeding a month before farrowing and the entire lactation period, to suckling pigs and young pigs for growing and fattening in the amount of 2% of the daily feed rate for the entire growing period, allow increase in live weight gain of suckling piglets by 22.8%; young pigs at rearing by 13.4%; young pigs fattening by 7.4% and prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, the quality of the products obtained increases, the fat content in meat decreases, the amount of solids and protein increases, as well as its moisture capacity.

Information sources

1. RU 2044494 C1, 6 A23K 1/175, 09/27/1995.

2. RU 2122331 C1, 6 A23K 1/175, 11/27/1998.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding young pigs, characterized by introducing pigs into the feed of young pigs at growing the natural sorption mineral substance “Karbosil” in an amount of 2% by weight of dry matter of feed per head per day.