RU2544311C1 - Device to compensate error of measurement of ultrasonic well depth gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.SUBSTANCE: device to compensate error of measurement of an ultrasonic locator comprises a generator of ultrasonic pulses connected to an emitter, and the following serially connected components: a receiver, an amplifier, a threshold device, a time interval generation unit, a unit of time interval measurement and a unit of control and indication, the output of which is connected to the generator and input of the time interval generation unit, a source of reference voltage, connected to the input of the threshold device, a quartz generator connected to the unit of time interval measurement, at the same time the second generator of ultrasonic pulses is connected to the second emitter, the following components are connected in series: the second receiver, the second amplifier, the second threshold device, the second unit of time interval generation and the second unit of time interval measurement, besides, the source of reference voltage is connected to the second input of the second threshold device, the input of the second unit of time interval measurement is connected to the quartz generator, and the output of the second unit of time interval measurement is connected to the unit of control and indication, outputs of which are connected to the second generator and the second unit of time interval generation.EFFECT: reduced error and increased stability of measurements in waveguide distribution of ultrasonic oscillations.2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ultrasonic location devices used to measure the depth of wells in the mining industry, shipping and other sectors of the economy.

A device for compensating the error of measurement of an ultrasonic level gauge (RU 75034 U1, IPC G01F23 / 28 (2006.01), published July 20, 2008), comprising an ultrasonic pulse generator connected to an emitter, a reference voltage source connected to a threshold device, and a receiver connected in series, amplifier, threshold device, control and indication unit. A second voltage reference source, a second threshold device and a second time interval generating unit connected to the first threshold device and a control and indication unit are connected in series. The second threshold device is connected to an amplifier.

A disadvantage of the known device is the high measurement error due to the deviation of the envelope shape of the reflected ultrasonic pulses from linearly increasing due to propagation in the waveguide.

A device is known for compensating for the error of an ultrasonic level gauge (RU 2396521 C1, IPC G01F23 / 28 (2006.01), published on 08/10/2010), selected as a prototype, comprising an ultrasonic pulse generator connected to an emitter, and a receiver, amplifier, threshold device connected in series, a time interval forming unit, a control and indication unit, the output of which is connected to a generator and an input of a time interval forming unit, a reference voltage source connected to an input of a threshold device. The inputs of the time interval measurement unit are connected to a threshold device and to a crystal oscillator, and the output to a control and indication unit. The reference voltage source is connected to the input of the control and display unit.

The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy and stability of the measurement, due to a change in the shape and amplitude of the received ultrasonic signal during waveguide propagation, as a result of which the amplitude of the received signal at different distances can vary non-monotonously [Soldatov A.I., Sorokin P.V., Makarov V.S. . Determination of the temporary position of an acoustic pulse by the method of approximating the envelope of a signal // Bulletin of the Southern Federal University. Engineering, 2009, No. 10, p. 178-184], for example, the duration of the third time interval may be less than the duration of the first time interval or the duration of all measured time intervals may be the same. This makes it impossible to determine the time coordinate of the beginning of the received ultrasonic signal.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device that reduces the error and increase the stability of measurements during the waveguide propagation of ultrasonic vibrations.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for compensating the measurement error of the ultrasonic locator, as well as the prototype, contains an ultrasonic pulse generator connected to the emitter, and a series-connected receiver, amplifier, threshold device, a time interval forming unit, a time interval measuring unit, and a unit control and indication, the output of which is connected to the generator and the input of the unit for the formation of the time interval, the reference voltage source connected to the threshold input devices, a crystal oscillator connected to a unit for measuring time intervals.

According to the invention, a second ultrasonic pulse generator is connected to a second emitter, a second receiver, a second amplifier, a second threshold device, a second time interval forming unit and a second time interval measuring unit are connected in series, the voltage reference being connected to the second input of the second threshold device, the input of the second unit the time interval measurement is connected to the crystal oscillator, and the output of the second time interval measurement unit is connected to the control unit indication, the outputs of which are connected to the second generator and a second unit forming a time interval.

Using a second generator connected to the second emitter and serially connected to a second receiver, a second amplifier operating at a different frequency, a second threshold device, a second time interval generating unit and a second time interval measuring unit when the reference voltage source is connected to the second input of the second threshold device , the input of the second time interval measurement unit is connected to the crystal oscillator, and the output of the second time interval measurement unit is connected to loci control and indication, to compensate for the measurement error of the ultrasonic radar and improves stability by a new measurement processing algorithm is to determine the coordinates of the start time of the response signal by adjusting the measured time intervals in the first and second blocks of time interval measurement.

In FIG. 1 presents a diagram of the proposed device.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the device.

The device for compensating the measurement error of an ultrasonic borehole depth gauge (Fig. 1) contains a control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) connected to the first 2 (G1) and second 3 (G2) generators. The output of the first generator 2 (G1) is connected to the first emitter 4 (I1), the output of the second generator 3 (G2) is connected to the second emitter 5 (I2). The first receiver 6 (P1) is connected to the first amplifier 7 (U1), the output of which is connected to the input of the first threshold device 8 (PU1). To the other input of the first threshold device 8 (PU1) is connected a reference voltage source 9 (ION). The output of the first threshold device 8 (PU1) is connected to the input of the first block of the formation of the time interval 10 (BFVI1), to the other input of which the control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) is connected. The output of the first block of the formation of the time interval 10 (BFVI1) is connected to the first input of the first block of measurement of time intervals 11 (BIVI1), the second input of which is connected to the crystal oscillator 12 (KG). The output of the first unit for measuring time intervals 11 (BIVI1) is connected to the control unit and display 1 (BUiI). The second receiver 13 (P2) is connected to the second amplifier 14 (U2), the output of which is connected to the input of the second threshold device 15 (PU2). To another input of the second threshold device 15 (PU2) is connected to a reference voltage source 9 (ION). The output of the second threshold device 15 (PU2) is connected to the input of the second block for the formation of the time interval 16 (BFVI2), to the other input of which the control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) is connected. The output of the second block for the formation of the time interval 16 (BFVI2) is connected to the second block for measuring time intervals 17 (BIVI2), the second input of which is connected to a crystal oscillator 12 (KG). The output of the second block of measurement of time intervals 17 (BIVI2) is connected with the control unit and display 1 BUiI).

The control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) can be performed on an ATMEGA16 microcontroller and seven-segment indicators of the type DA56-11SRWA. The time interval formation blocks 10 (BFVI1) and 16 (BFVI2) are made on a standard K1554TM2 microcircuit. Generators 2 (G1) and 3 (G2) can be made according to the scheme with the discharge of the storage capacitance on KU104G thyristors. Emitters 4 (I1) and 5 (I2), receivers 6 (P1) and 13 (P2) can be made of any piezoceramics, for example, TsTS-19. Amplifiers 7 (U1) and 14 (U2) can be performed on an operational amplifier, for example K544UD2. As a threshold device 8 (PU1) and 15 (PU2) can be used comparator K521CA3. The time interval measurement blocks 11 (BIVI1) and 17 (BIVI2) can be performed on standard microcircuits, for example, K1554IE7. The reference voltage source 9 (ION) is selected as standard REF 192 from ANALOG DEVICES in a standard connection. A crystal oscillator 12 (KG) can be made on a GEYER chip KXO-V97 50.0 in a standard inclusion.

The device operates as follows.

. Этот импульс поступает в первый блок измерения временного интервала 11 (БИВИ1), на второй вход которого поступают импульсы с кварцевого генератора 12 (КГ). Данные о длительности первого временного интервала поступают в блок управления и индикации 1 (БУиИ).The control and display unit 1 (BUiI) generates a start pulse for the first generator 2 (G1), with the same pulse the first block for the formation of the time interval 10 (BFVI1) is set to the state of a logical unit. The first generator 2 (G1) excites the first emitter 4 (I1). The emitted ultrasonic pulse propagates through the controlled environment and is received by the first receiver 6 (P1), amplified by the first amplifier 7 (U1) and fed to the input of the first threshold device 8 (PU1). The second input of the first threshold device 8 (PU1) is supplied with voltage U1 from the reference voltage source 9 (ION). As soon as the voltage at the output of the first amplifier 7 (U1) exceeds the voltage U1, the output of the first threshold device 8 (PU1) switches to the state of the logical unit, which resets the first block of the formation of the time interval 10 (BFVI1) to the state of logical zero (point t _{1 of} FIG. 2). Thus, the output of the first block of the formation of the time interval 10 (BFVI1) will receive a pulse whose duration is equal to time $$\Delta t_{\mathrm{one}}=t_{\mathrm{one}}-t_0$$

. This pulse enters the first block of measurement of the time interval 11 (BIVI1), the second input of which receives pulses from the crystal oscillator 12 (KG). Data on the duration of the first time interval is received in the control unit and display 1 (BUiI).

. Этот импульс поступает во второй блок измерения временного интервала 17 (БИВИ2), на второй вход которого поступают импульсы с кварцевого генератора 12 (КГ). Данные о длительности второго временного интервала поступают в блок управления и индикации 1 (БУиИ). Блок управления и индикации 1 (БУиИ) осуществляет коррекцию обоих временных интервалов в соответствии с выражением:Then, the control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) generates a start pulse for the second generator 3 (G2), with the same pulse the second block for the formation of the time interval 15 (BFVI2) is set to the state of a logical unit. The second generator 3 (G2) excites the second emitter 5 (I2). The emitted ultrasonic pulse propagates through the same controlled medium and is received by the second receiver 13 (P2), amplified by the second amplifier 14 (U2) and fed to the input of the second threshold device 15 (PU2). The second input of the second threshold device 15 (PU2) is supplied with voltage U1 from the reference voltage source 9 (ION). As soon as the voltage at the output of the second amplifier 14 (U2) exceeds the voltage U1, the output of the second threshold device 15 (PU2) switches to the state of the logical unit, which resets the second block of the formation of the time interval 16 (BFVI2) to the state of logical zero (point t _{2 of} FIG. one). Thus, at the output of the second block of the formation of the time interval 16 (BFVI2) you get a pulse whose duration is equal to time $$\Delta t_2=t_2-t_0$$

. This pulse enters the second block of measurement of the time interval 17 (BIVI2), the second input of which receives pulses from the crystal oscillator 12 (KG). Data on the duration of the second time interval is received in the control unit and display 1 (BUiI). The control and display unit 1 (BUiI) corrects both time intervals in accordance with the expression:

, (1) $$\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=\Delta t_{\mathrm{one}}-i{T}_{\mathrm{one}}\\ \Delta {t^{\prime }}_2=\Delta t_2-i{T}_2\end{array}$$

, (one)

- период колебаний первой ультразвуковой волны,Where $$T_{\mathrm{one}}$$

- the period of oscillation of the first ultrasonic wave,

- период колебаний второй ультразвуковой волны, $$T_2$$

- the period of oscillation of the second ultrasonic wave,

i- correction number,

- первый скорректированный временной интервал, $$\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

- the first adjusted time interval,

- второй скорректированный временной интервал. $$\Delta {t^{\prime }}_2$$

- the second adjusted time interval.

After the difference between the adjusted first and second time intervals is less than a quarter of the period of ultrasonic vibrations:

, (2) $$\left|\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}-\Delta {t^{\prime }}_2\right|<\raisebox{1ex}{$T_{\mathrm{one}}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.$$

, (2)

считается временной координатой начала ответного сигнала. Используя эту координату, блок управления и индикации 1 (БУиИ) определяет расстояние до отражающей поверхности и производит индикацию этого расстояния.the correction process stops and the first time interval obtained $$\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

It is considered the time coordinate of the beginning of the response signal. Using this coordinate, the control and display unit 1 (BUiI) determines the distance to the reflective surface and displays this distance.

равнялась 2,5 мм, а период колебаний $$T_1$$

равнялся 1,67 мкс. Частота ультразвуковых колебаний второго излучателя 5 (И2) и второго приемника 13 (П2) составляла 900 кГц, соответственно длина волны $${\lambda }_2$$

равнялась 1,67 мм, а период колебаний $$T_2$$

равнялся 1,11 мкс. Временные интервалы между излученным и принятым импульсами, измеренные блоками измерения временных интервалов 11 (БИВИ1) и 17 (БИВИ2), имели длительностиAs an example, we consider the determination of the distance in a pipe 250 cm long filled with water, in which emitters 4 (I1) and 5 (I2) and receivers 6 (P1) and 13 (P2) were installed. The frequency of ultrasonic vibrations of the first emitter 4 (I1) and the first receiver 6 (P1) was 600 kHz, respectively, the wavelength $${\lambda }_{\mathrm{one}}$$

equal to 2.5 mm, and the period of oscillation $$T_{\mathrm{one}}$$

equaled 1.67 μs. The frequency of ultrasonic vibrations of the second emitter 5 (I2) and the second receiver 13 (P2) was 900 kHz, respectively, the wavelength $${\lambda }_2$$

equal to 1.67 mm, and the oscillation period $$T_2$$

equaled 1.11 μs. The time intervals between the emitted and received pulses, measured by the time interval measurement units 11 (BIVI1) and 17 (BIVI2), had durations

Δt ₁ = 328.7 μs, Δt ₂ = 326.8 μs.

The time intervals between the emitted and reflected ultrasonic pulses measured by the measurement units of the time intervals 11 (BIVI1) and 17 (BIVI2) had durations

Δt ₁ = 328.7 μs,

Δt ₂ = 326.8 μs.

When corrected according to formulas 1 and 2, we obtained the following set of values:

one) $$\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=338,7-\mathrm{one}*\mathrm{one},67=337,03m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\\ \Delta {t^{\prime }}_2=336,8-\mathrm{one}*\mathrm{one},\mathrm{eleven}=335,69m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\end{array}$$

. $$\left|\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}-\Delta {t^{\prime }}_2\right|=\mathrm{one},3m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}>\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one},67$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.$$

.

After the first correction (i = 1), a value exceeding a quarter of the period of ultrasonic vibrations was obtained. Conducted a second correction:

2) $$\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=338,7-2*\mathrm{one},67=335,36m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\\ \Delta {t^{\prime }}_2=336,8-2*\mathrm{one},\mathrm{eleven}=334,58m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\end{array}$$

. $$\left|\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}-\Delta {t^{\prime }}_2\right|=0,78m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}>\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one},67$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.$$

.

After the second correction (i = 2), a value exceeding a quarter of the period of ultrasonic vibrations was obtained. Conducted a third correction:

3) $$\{\begin{array}{l}\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=338,7-3*\mathrm{one},67=333,69m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\\ \Delta {t^{\prime }}_2=336,8-3*\mathrm{one},\mathrm{eleven}=333,47m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}\end{array}$$

. $$\left|\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}-\Delta {t^{\prime }}_2\right|=0,22m\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}<\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one},67$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{four}$}\right.$$

.

After the third correction (i = 3), the time difference between the first and second interval was less than a quarter of the period of ultrasonic vibrations.

As a result of the calculation, the control unit and indication 1 (BUiI) received the following value of the time interval:

. $$\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=333,69m\mathrm{to}$$

.

Using this value of the time interval, the control and indication unit 1 (BUiI) determined the distance to the reflecting surface and produced an indication of this distance.

, $$h=C*\Delta {t^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{one}}=1500*333,69*{10}^{-6}/2=250,28\mathrm{from}m$$

,

where C is the speed of propagation of ultrasound in water.

The error in measuring the level ∆h amounted to:

∆h = 250-250.28 = 0.28 mm.

Thus, it was experimentally established that the level measurement error was λ / 6.

Claims (1)

An ultrasonic locator measurement error compensation device comprising an ultrasonic pulse generator connected to an emitter and a receiver, amplifier, threshold device, a time interval formation unit, a time interval measurement unit, and a control and indication unit, the output of which is connected to a generator and an input of the formation unit time interval, a reference voltage source connected to the input of the threshold device, a crystal oscillator connected to the unit is measured I time intervals, characterized in that the second ultrasonic pulse generator is connected to the second emitter, the second receiver, the second amplifier, the second threshold device, the second time interval formation unit and the second time interval measurement unit are connected in series, the voltage reference being connected to the second input of the second threshold device, the input of the second time interval measurement unit is connected to the crystal oscillator, and the output of the second time interval measurement unit is connected It is accessible to the control and indication unit, the outputs of which are connected to the second generator and the second time interval formation unit.

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