RU2542116C2 - Enrichment and treatment of solid community wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of solid community wastes and can be used at complex enrichment and treatment plants. Proposed process consists in sizing said solid wastes with isolation of biologically degradable -60 to -100 mm fractions to be subjected to gravity separation in water. Note here that concentrate of gravity separation is subjected sequentially to heat treatment, primary crushing in percussion-cutting crusher. Primary grinding products are screened to isolate undersize and oversize products. Undersize products are dried and re-crushed at, preferably, roll crusher. Secondary grinding products are screened to isolate undersize and oversize products. Third fraction of undersize products is crushed at roll crusher. Third fraction crushing products are separately crushed to isolate oversize products and combine isolated undersize products in biologically degradable fraction.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, lower costs at continuous process.

3 cl, 10 dwg, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing municipal solid waste and can be used in installations for their complex processing and enrichment in cities of the Russian Federation.

One of the main valuable components that enter municipal waste is food and plant residues (biodegradable fraction).

The municipal waste in the content of the food fraction in them can be considered as a powerful raw material source for the production of specific products suitable for use in agriculture, animal husbandry and other industries.

Biodegradable waste is concentrated in two types of municipal waste: in municipal solid waste (MSW, generated in homes) and in waste from kitchens and catering.

Currently, in Russia 95-97% of the generated solid waste mass is being disposed of (in Moscow 80-85%). In the leading EU countries (Germany, Austria, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, etc.) less than 20% of the generated solid waste mass is buried, the rest is recycled (including 25-35% is incinerated, 40-65 % used as recyclables with the production of new products).

For Russia (especially for the Moscow region and the cities of the resort area), it is very urgent to develop ways to solve the problem of solid waste based on their involvement in industrial processing with minimal costs, while addressing resource conservation and environmental safety.

In the Russian Federation, a significant part of food and plant waste is disposed of in solid household waste and disposed of for burial or incineration. For example, in Moscow, when the annual amount of solid waste generated is about 4 million tons, the food fraction accounts for up to 1 million tons. Once in the incinerator, the food fraction significantly reduces the caloric potential of the waste being burned and increases the yield of the underburn; falling to landfills, biodegradable waste increases the uncontrolled output of biogas related to greenhouse.

The utilization of biodegradable organic waste in agriculture or animal husbandry requires their mandatory deep enrichment, because even the fraction of the selective collection of food and vegetable waste contains, according to the practice of the former USSR, up to 8% of foreign impurities (glass, ceramic, plastics, metals, leather, rubber and other). The universal technology for cleaning the food fraction from impurities should be designed to involve the most complex raw material object - solid waste and the concentration of the food fraction in an independent product suitable for storage, transportation and further use or processing.

The MSW food fraction is concentrated in the lower screening product in the class of 60-100 mm. The content of food and vegetable waste in the lower screening product, regardless of the size of the opening of the screen (within 60-400 mm) is 60-65%. For the disposal of such a product, it is necessary to solve the technical problem of removing mechanical impurities from it, minimizing the loss of food fraction.

The main mechanical impurities in the class of -60 (-100) mm: glass (12-15%), bones (up to 2.5%), plastics (1-2%), waste paper (1-2%), stones (0, 8%), ferrous and non-ferrous metals (0.2% each), leather and rubber (up to 0.2%), textiles (0.2-0.4%); up to 15% of impurities is represented by other components and the so-called screening (class -20 mm, consisting of 30% biodegradable components).

There is a method of complex processing of solid waste, which includes preliminary sorting of waste with the release of a biodegradable fraction with a particle size of from -60 to -100 mm, subjected to biothermal treatment to obtain a fermentation product from which hazardous components with a particle size of -60 + 40 mm and a fraction of +60 mm subjected to screening are isolated thermal processing (RU 2209681 C1, publ. in BI, 2003, No. 22).

The main disadvantages of the known method of processing solid waste without deep purification from impurities of biodegradable fraction:

- extremely low environmental friendliness of biothermal processing of enriched solid waste fractions due to contamination of the fermentation product with heavy metals and mechanical impurities (glass, ceramics, stones, plastics, textiles, etc.);

- the scope of the fermentation product is limited to its use in the technology of waste disposal (bulk material);

- large losses of the useful component in the allocation of fractions -60 + 40 mm from the fermentation product.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of enrichment and processing of municipal solid waste with a particle size of -100 + 40 mm, separated from solid waste in the process of their enrichment (French patent No. 22918946, class B02C 18/40, filed June 22, 73 g. , published on September 20, 74).

The method was implemented at two waste recycling plants in Rome (Italy).

The technology includes a screening operation, magnetic separation, paper and textile separation operations, a washing operation (washing the earth and small particles), gravity separation in an aqueous medium (separation of heavy components - glass, stones, metals, etc.), an extraction operation to remove water, autoclave steaming (for 1.5 hours at a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 304 kPa), drying (up to 8% moisture) and finishing screening (separation of powdered food waste from light non-food materials with the additional use of a stream Ear), grinding, mixing with additives and granulating.

The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow to completely remove impurity components of leather, rubber, plastic and textile from the biodegradable fraction, and is also periodic (autoclave steaming).

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of enrichment and processing of municipal solid waste, reducing the cost of processing solid waste, ensuring a continuous mode of operation.

The stated technical problem is solved in such a way that in a method for the comprehensive processing of solid waste, including waste sorting with the release of a biodegradable fraction with a particle size of -60 to -100 mm, it is subjected to gravitational separation to obtain concentrate and tailings, while the gravity separation concentrate is subjected to heat treatment (at 150 ° С for 1.5 hours until the moisture content is 38-40%), crushing (in a impact-cutting crusher), screening according to the class of 20 mm to obtain an under-sieve and over-sieve product, and drying the product (up to 10-12% moisture) and crushing it in a roll crusher, screening the crushing product in the class of 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain sublattice and oversize products, separately crushing the underlayer products in the roller crusher, screening the crushing products in the 2 mm classes and 5 mm to obtain sublattice products and their combination into the finished product (food fraction that does not contain harmful mechanical impurities); all oversize products of screening operations are removed from the sorting process and sent either to landfill or to thermal processing (they contain waste paper, leather, textile, rubber, plastic, wood).

The invention consists in the following

As a result of the studies, the possibility of deep cleaning of impurities of coarse gravity concentrate using natural and artificially enhanced differences in the strength properties of the separated components was established (impurities of coarse concentrate have a sufficiently high compressive strength, the components of the food fraction after heat treatment are brittle materials and their resistance to various types of deformation is small), while the coarse gravity concentrate, characterized after those in order to deeply clean impurities, they are subjected to sequentially dynamic impact in a crusher of impact-cutting action, screening of a crushing product in the class of 20 mm to obtain an under-sieve (enriched food fraction) and over-sieve (waste paper, textile, rubber) product drying the sublattice product and crushing it in a roll crusher (crushing-abrasive effect), screening the crushing product in classes of 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain sublattices (enriched food fraction) and over-sieve (leather, rubber, plastic) products, separate crushing of sub-sieve products in a roller crusher, screening of crushing products in classes of 2 mm and 5 mm to obtain sub-sieve products and their combination into the finished product (food fraction) and over-sieve products ( plastic, textile, waste paper, wood). The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a method of enrichment and processing of solid municipal waste.

An example of a specific implementation of the described invention

The studies were conducted on samples of the solid waste fraction with a grain size of -100 mm with different contents of food and non-food parts.

The initial sample was subjected to gravitational separation in an aqueous medium to obtain concentrate and tailings enriched in the food part (heavy mineral components - glass, stones, ceramics, as well as bones and, to a large extent, rubber, leather, metals) completely pass through. The gravity concentrate is subjected to dehydration and heat treatment in a mode that ensures the preservation of the main nutrients - raw fat, protein and fiber (temperature 150 ° C, 1.5 hours, moisture content 38-40%). As can be seen from Table 1, an increase in the heat treatment temperature to 180 ° C leads to the loss of such important nutrients as fat and fiber (they decrease by 36.5% and 13.3%, respectively).

Optimum results are provided by technology, including primary heat treatment for 1.5 hours at 150 ° C, crushing and secondary heat treatment at a temperature of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 10-12%. Under these “soft” modes, the heat-treated product retains the main batteries, is stored without any change in any conditions (temperature, packaging, etc.) for a very long time (at least a year), is a uniformly grained product, devoid of any unpleasant odor (at a moisture content of 38%, the heat treatment product can be stored and not deteriorate in room conditions at a temperature of 18 ° C for no more than three days - it is covered with molds; with one-stage heat treatment to a moisture content of 26%, an hour the destruction of such important nutrients as fat and fiber, the shelf life of the product is very limited).

The heat treatment product is sent for a three-stage refinement - a combination of crushing and screening operations with the introduction of a drying operation before the second crushing stage (directional regulation of the physical properties of the components to be separated and reduction of the moisture content to 10-12% for the possibility of storing the final product under ordinary conditions and the convenience of its secondary use) .

The heat treatment product of the gravity concentrate is subjected to primary crushing in a rotary impact type crusher (the gap between the grid grates of the crusher lattice is 40 mm). The crushing product is screened according to the class of 20 mm to obtain an under-sieve product (contains up to 90% of the food fraction) and an over-sieve product (removed from the sorting process). The sublattice product (-20 mm class) is dried (preferably in a fluidized bed) at a temperature of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 10-12% and then secondary crushed in a crushing crushing-abrasive action (preferably in a roller crusher with a gap of 3 mm); the crushing product is screened in grades 5 and 10 mm to obtain two sub-sieve products (class -5 + 0 mm and class -10 + 5 mm) and over-sieve product (class + 10 mm is removed from the sorting process). Class - 5 + 0 mm is subjected to the third stage of crushing in a roll crusher with a slot of 1 mm and subsequent screening in class 2 mm (class -2 mm is a finished product, contains up to 99.5% of the food part). Class -10 + 5 mm is subjected to the third stage of crushing in a roll crusher with a slot of 3 mm and subsequent screening in class 5 mm (class -5 mm is a finished product, contains up to 98% of the food part). Oversize products of the third stage of refinement are removed from the sorting process. Classes of -2 mm and -5 mm of the third stage of refinement are combined and are a finished product, which is a dry homogeneous biomass with a food content of about 99%; impurity components are represented by wood; traces of waste paper and leather are found.

Below are the data confirming the validity of the described technical solution.

At the stage of primary crushing of the heat treatment product of gravity concentrate in a rotary impact-type crusher, three types of grids with a gap between the grates of 017 mm, 040 mm and 40 × 60 mm were tested.

Figure 1 shows the characteristics of the granulometric composition of rubber, plastic and food parts after their individual crushing in a crusher to various sizes. It follows from the figure that with constant parameters of the crushing process, rubber, plastic and food part behave differently, and this difference increases with increasing grinding size. So, in the case of a 40x60 mm lattice, grains of the food part with a grain size of -20 + 5 mm prevail in the crushed product (yield of class × 5 mm about 25%, class +20 mm - about 20%), and rubber grains - grain size -40 + 20 mm (the output of the -5 mm class is zero, of the +20 mm class is about 72%); crushability of plastic is intermediate between rubber and food.

It can also be seen from the figure that all the curves are close to straight lines, which indicates the uniformity of the particle size distribution of the crushed product, while the selectivity of crushing in the case of a lattice with an opening of 017 mm is not high.

Figure 2 shows the extraction of the food part of the MSW in various size classes, as well as the content of the food part in these classes when using a lattice with holes of 040 mm and 40 × 60 mm in size. The figure shows that the results of crushing in both cases are very close; preference, obviously, should be given to a 40 × 60 mm grate, which provides greater crusher productivity. The extraction of the food portion in the -20 mm class is about 96%, and the content reaches 80% (i.e., it increases by 17% compared to the original one).

Estimating the distribution by size class of the non-food part during crushing of the coarse concentrate (Fig. 3), preference should be given also to a 40 × 60 mm lattice for technological reasons: in this case, 60% of all impurities are removed in the +20 mm class and their content in the class is 20 mm (in which over 96% of the entire food portion is concentrated after crushing) is reduced to 20%.

Thus, exposing the crushed material in the first stage to a predominantly dynamic action in a rotor-type crusher with a grill of 40x60 mm, we achieve a concentration of the food portion in the class of -20 mm, and non-food in the class of +20 mm. Separating the crushed product by screening according to the class of 20 mm, we ensure the removal of a significant amount of impurities with the oversize product.

As can be seen from Table 2, when dividing the coarse concentrate according to the class of 20 mm after its primary crushing in a rotary-type crusher of impact-cutting action with a 40 mm grate, the concentration of the food part in the class of -20 mm and the non-food part in the class +20 mm are achieved. Separating the crushed product by screening according to the class of 20 mm, the removal of a significant amount of impurities with the oversize product is ensured. The loss of the food portion in the oversize product, as can be seen from Table 2, is less than 4% (from the operation). The absolute content of impurities in the class of -20 mm is reduced, compared with the original, by almost half - from 37% to 20%.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the tree behaves identically to the food part during primary crushing and, therefore, it is not possible to get rid of it at the first stage. Most newsprint and textiles go to the +20 mm class - by 85-90%, cardboard and rubber - by about 70% (see Table 2 and Fig. 4).

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the extraction of the food portion in the -20 mm class after primary crushing is completely independent of the composition of the crude concentrate and is always at the level of 95%.

However, the content of the food part in this class is directly related to its content in coarse concentrate: the richer the coarse concentrate in terms of the content of the food part, the higher its content in the class is -20 mm and the lower the relative increase in content (practically it is 12-19% )

Thus, after the first stage of refinement, a fraction of -20 mm of coarse concentrate is released, containing, depending on the morphological composition of the MSW, from 70 to 90% of the food portion when it is removed from the finishing operation stably at a level of 95%.

Of the impurities remaining in the -20 mm class, rubber and plastic are characterized, in comparison with the dry food part, by increased resistance to abrasion, and metals, textiles, rubber and partly wood - by high compressive strength. Therefore, to ensure selective crushing of the components and to avoid over-crushing in the second stage, it is advisable to subject the crushed material to predominantly static impact in the crushing and abrasion apparatuses, while to increase the difference in the properties of the components of the crushed material, the -20 mm class is subjected to a drying operation before the second stage of crushing ( to the moisture content of 10-12% required in the finished product).

As can be seen from Figs. 6 and 7, for selective crushing of the material in the second stage of finishing, you can use a jaw crusher, roller crusher or ball mill: any of these devices provides a concentration of the food part in the class -5 mm, and non-food in the class +5 mm . From the point of view of extracting the food part, as well as the operational characteristics of the apparatus, it is preferable to choose a roller crusher with a slot of 3 mm (see Fig. 6).

As follows from Table 3, exposing the material after the second crushing stage to screening according to the 5 mm class, complete cleaning of the food part from skin and rubber impurities is achieved. Loss of the food portion in the oversize product (class +5 mm) is less than 6% (from the operation).

The sublattice product contains about 95% of the food part (the absolute content of impurities in the -5 mm class decreases from 23% to 5%). The output of the under-sieve product is about 76% (from the screening operation).

The following are data confirming the validity of the choice of the width of the discharge gap of the roll crusher in the second stage of crushing.

As can be seen from Figs. 8 and 9, the width of the discharge gap of the roller crusher affects the extraction in the -5 mm class exclusively of the food part; maximum extraction (about 95%) is achieved with a gap of 3 mm (with a gap of 5 mm, the extraction of the food portion is reduced to 50%, with a gap of 8 mm - up to 43%).

Preliminary screening of the -5 mm class from the feed of the crusher helps to increase the extraction of the food part with the increased width of the discharge gap, but does not ensure satisfactory results. Removing the impurity components of the non-food part to the class of -5 mm is completely independent of the width of the crusher discharge gap in the tested range (3-8 mm) and in all cases is 15-17% (see Fig. 9). The content in the -5 mm class of components of both the food and non-food parts with one or another gap width varies within small limits (relative to the fluctuation of 3-4%), but the best results (95% of the food part) are obtained with a crushing gap width of 3 mm. Therefore, the optimal conditions for the selective crushing of material in a roll crusher are created with a discharge gap width of 3 mm.

In the third stage of fine-tuning for selective crushing of the material, a roll crusher (crushing and abrasion action) was also used. There are two classes of fineness undergoing fine-tuning in various modes: -5 mm and -10 + 5 mm. As can be seen from Tables 4 and 5, when the -5 mm fraction is crushed in a roll crusher with a 1 mm gap, the food portion is concentrated in the -2 mm class, and the non-food fraction in the +2 mm class, and when the fraction is crushed, -10 + 5 mm in a roll crusher with a slot of 3 mm, the food part is concentrated in the class of -5 mm, and non-food in the class +5 mm.

Ready is the product of combining classes of -2 mm and -5 mm from separate finishing of the material in the third stage.

As can be seen from table 6, the content of the food fraction in the finished product is 99%.

The main impurity in the finished product is wood (more than 0.7%), which is not a harmful impurity (as well as trace inclusions in the food part of wastepaper, leather and loose textile).

Of the harmful impurities in the trace amounts are plastic (0.04%) and materials (0.08%), the content of which in the feed of the finishing operations is artificially 4-5 times higher (to allow a more accurate analysis of the separation products, especially of the finer size classes) .

The extraction of the food portion into the finished product during the refinement of the gravity concentrate is 80-85%, the yield from the finishing operation is about 65%.

The product obtained by enriching the MSW fraction with a grain size of -100 (-60) mm, characterized by a very high content of biodegradable organic components (about 99%) and representing a homogeneous dry biomass capable of long-term storage under ordinary conditions, is most suitable for use in vermicomposting in the production of vermicompost (accelerated composting of biodegradable organic waste using the Staratel population of earthworms, composted earthworms). Biohumus is a very valuable fertilizer, contains 50% humic acids, significantly increases soil fertility, increases the content of vitamins in vegetables and fruits, and increases the yield of all crops; humic acids bind heavy metals, preventing them from entering plants; the use of vermicompost corresponds to the principles of ecological farming. The food fraction isolated from the MSW stream cannot be used as livestock feed (in Italy, cases of poisoning of cattle with feed obtained from MSW during their enrichment in plants have been recorded). The feedstock for the production of livestock feed can be exclusively food and vegetable waste collected from the population and public catering facilities, which, when enriched with the proposed method, will produce high-quality finished dry feed (according to the practice of the former USSR, 1 ton of food waste makes it possible to obtain about 50 kg about 250 thousand tons of food waste were collected and transferred to pig-breeding state farms annually in the residential sector of Moscow; these waste containing up to 8% of impurities, without preliminary enrichment Nia sent to preparation center and receipt of cooking liquid feed, the feeding of which led to numerous animal injury and disease). The proposed method for sorting and processing a biodegradable fraction is universal, it was worked out at the most complex sorting and processing facility - solid waste (the content of mechanical impurities, to identify the capabilities of the technology, artificially increased to 50%), is designed to preserve the main nutrients in the new product (fat , protein, fiber), therefore, its use for sorting and processing selectively collected food and vegetable waste (easily enrichable compared with solid waste) makes it justifiable to create of the RF system of selective collection and have a great social and economic importance.

1. The method of enrichment and processing of solid municipal waste, including sorting by size with the release of a biodegradable fraction with a particle size of -60 to -100 mm, subjected to gravity separation in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the gravity separation concentrate is subjected to heat treatment in series for 1.5 hours at 150 ° C to a moisture content of 38-40%, primary crushing in an impact-cutting crusher with a gap between the grid grates of 40 mm, screening of the primary crushing product in a class of 20 mm with allocation of sieve and oversize product, drying the sieve product with a grain size of -20 + 0 mm at a temperature of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 10-12% and its secondary crushing, preferably in a roll crusher with a slot of 3 mm, screening of the secondary crushing product in classes of 5 mm and 10 mm with the separation of the under-sieve and over-sieve product, crushing of the third stage of the under-sieve product with a grain size of -5 + 0 mm in a roll crusher with a gap of 1 mm, and the under-sieve product with a grain size of -10 + 5 mm in a roller crusher with a gap of 3 mm, separate screening of crushing products Stage respectively by Classes 2 mm and 5 mm from the release of undersize grain size -2 + 0 + -5 mm and 0 mm and combining them into a finished product (biodegradable fraction) and oversize products.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment product of the gravitational concentrate is subjected, prior to primary crushing, to sequentially magnetic separation with the extraction of ferrous metals and electrodynamic separation with the extraction of non-ferrous metals.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oversize products of all stages of screening, derived from the process, are sent to thermal processing.

Table 1
Analysis of the chemical composition of heat-treated products Content, wt.% Chemical composition After the 1st drying (150 ° C, 90 min) and crushing After the 1st drying (180 ° C, 90 min) and crushing After the 1st drying (150 ° C, 90 min), crushing and the 2nd drying (100 ° C, 90 min) Humidity 37.96 - 25.8 11.31 Crude protein 13.94 14.19 15.37 Crude fat 8.02 5.1 7.33 Crude fiber 6.34 4,5 6.14 Ash 5.25 7.19 7, P Calcium 1,175 - 1.06 Phosphorus 0.375 - 0.48 Nitrogen 2.23 2.27 2.46

table 2 The results of the separation according to the class of 20 mm gravity concentrate after its primary crushing under optimal conditions Components
coarse concentrate Source product Grade -40 + 20 mm Grade -20 + 0 mm γ,% β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% Newsprint 9.44 9.44 100.0 8.52 34.92 90.25 0.92 1.22 9.75 Cardboard 5.43 5.43 100.0 3.86 15.82 71.09 1,57 2.08 28.91 Leather 1.01 1.01 100.0 0.54 2.21 53.47 0.47 0.62 46.53 Rubber 3.10 3.10 100.0 2.08 8.53 67.10 1,02 1.35 32.90 Wood 5.05 5.05 100.0 0.32 1.31 6.34 4.73 6.26 93.66 Textile 5.77 5.77 100.0 4.92 20.16 85.27 0.85 1.12 14.73 Plastic 5.22 5.22 100.0 1.39 5.70 26.63 3.83 5.07 73.37 Colored scrap metal 1.93 1.93 100.0 0.52 2.13 26.94 1.41 1.86 73.06 Total: Non-food parts 36.95 36.95 100.0 22.16 90.78 59.95 14.80 19.58 40.05 Food part 63.05 63.05 100.0 2.25 9.22 3.57 60.80 80,42 96.43 Total: 100.00 100.00 24.40 100.00 75.60 100.00 Legend: γ - output,%; β is the content,%; ε is the recovery,%.

Table 3 The results of separation according to the class of 5 mm concentrate (fraction -20 + 0 mm) after its secondary crushing under optimal conditions Components
coarse concentrate Source product Grade -20 + 5 mm Grade -5 + 0 mm γ,% β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% Newsprint 1.15 1.15 100.0 1.10 4.63 95.65 0.05 0,07 4.35 Cardboard 5.25 5.25 100.0 4.82 20.30 91.81 0.43 0.56 8.19 Leather 6.00 6.00 100.0 4.17 17.57 69.50 1.83 2.40 30.50 Rubber 8.34 8.34 100.0 0.34 1.43 100.00 - - - Wood 8.89 8.89 100.0 0.88 3.71 98.88 0.01 0.01 1.12 Textile 1.46 1.46 100.0 0.84 3,54 57.54 0.62 0.81 42.46 Plastic 5.66 5.66 100.0 4.93 28.77 87.11 0.73 0.96 12.89 Colored scrap metal 2,39 2,39 100.0 2.13 8.97 89.12 0.26 0.34 10.88 Total: Non-food parts 23.14 23.14 100.0 19.21 80.92 83.02 3.93 5.15 16.98 Food part 76.86 76.86 100.0 4,53 19.08 5.88 72.33 94.85 94.11 Total: 100.00 100.00 23.74 100.00 76.26 100.00 Legend: γ - output,%; β is the content,%; ε is the recovery,%.

Table 4 The results of the separation according to the class of 5 mm fractions of the concentrate size
-10 + 5 mm after the third crushing stage (roller crusher, 3 mm slot) Components Source product Grade -10 + 5 mm Grade -5 + 0 mm rude γ,% β ,% ε, % γ,% β ,% ε ,% γ , % β ,% ε, % concentrate Newspaper 0.34 0.34 100.0 0.31 0.90 91.18 0,03 0.04 8.82 paper Cardboard 0.17 0.17 100.0 0.17 0.49 100.00 - - - Leather 0.56 0.56 100.0 0.56 1,63 100.00 - - - Rubber 1.74 1.74 100.0 1.74 5.07 100.00 - - - Wood 9.49 9.49 100.0 8.48 24.67 89.36 1.01 1,54 10.64 Textile 1.24 1.24 100.0 1.18 3.43 95.16 0.06 0.09 4.84 Plastic 2.86 2.86 100.0 2.86 8.33 100.00 - - - Color 2,53 2,53 100.0 2,50 7.27 98.81 0,03 0.04 1.19 scrap metal The black
scrap metal 0.62 0.62 100.00 0.62 1.80 100.00 - - - Total: Non-food 19.55 19.55 100.0 18,42 53.59 94.22 1.13 1.71 5.78 parts Food 80.45 80.45 100.0 15.96 46.41 19.84 64.49 98.29 80.16 part Total: 100.00 100.00 34.38 100.00 65.62 100.00 Legend: γ - output,%; β is the content,%; ε is the recovery,%.

Table 5 The results of the separation according to the class of 2 mm fractions of the concentrate size
-5 + 0 mm after the third crushing stage (roller crusher, 1 mm gap) Components Source product Grade -5 + 2 mm Grade -2 + 0 mm rude γ , % β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% γ,% β,% ε,% concentrate Newspaper
paper 0,03 0,03 100.0 0,03 0.29 100.00 - - - Cardboard 0,03 0,03 100.0 0,03 0.14 100.00 - - - Leather 0.08 0.08 100.0 0.06 0.72 75.00 0.02 0.02 25.00 Rubber - - 100.0 - - - - - - Wood 2.46 2.46 100.0 1.91 21,42 77.64 0.55 0.60 22.36 Textile 0.28 0.28 100.0 0.23 2.75 82.14 0.05 0.06 17.86 Plastic 0.25 0.25 100.0 0.21 2,32 84.00 0.04 0.04 16.00 Color
scrap metal 0.12 0.12 100.0 0.10 1.16 83.33 0.02 0.02 16.67 The black
scrap metal 0.06 0.06 100.00 - - - 0.06 0,07 100.00 Total: Non-food
parts 3.31 3.31 100.0 2,57 28.8 77.64 0.74 0.81 22.36 Food 96.69 96.69 100.0 6.36 71.2 6.58 90.33 99.19 93.42 part Total: 100.00 100.00 8.93 100.00 91.07 100.00 Legend : γ - output,%; β is the content,%; ε is the recovery,%.

Table 6 Characterization of the finished product after a three-stage finishing of the dried crude concentrate Components Coarse concentrate product class -5 + 0 γ , % β,% ε,% Newsprint 0.005 0.01 2.17 Cardboard - - - Leather 0.015 0.02 3.90 Rubber - - - Textile 0.05 0.06 8.62 Plastic 0,03 0.04 1.79 Colored scrap metal 0.02 0.02 1.13 Black scrap 0.05 0.06 10.86 Total: Non-food parts 0.77 0.94 7.83 Food part 81.41 99.06 90.29 Total: 82.18 100.00

Claims (3)

1. The method of enrichment and processing of solid municipal waste, including sorting by size with the release of biodegradable fractions with a particle size of from -60 to -100 mm, subjected to gravity separation in an aqueous medium, characterized the fact that the gravity separation concentrate is subsequently subjected to heat treatment for 1.5 hours at 150 ° C until the moisture content is 38-40%, primary crushing in an impact-crusher with a gap between the grid grates of 40 mm, screening of the primary crushing product in class 20 mm with the release of the under-sieve and over-sieve product, drying of the under-sieve product with a grain size of -20 + 0 mm at a temperature of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 10-12% and its secondary crushing, preferably in a roll crusher with a slot of 3 mm, screening of the product is secondary crushing in classes of 5 mm and 10 mm with the separation of the under-sieve and over-sieve product, the crushing of the third stage of the under-sieve product with a grain size of -5 + 0 mm in a roller crusher with a gap of 1 mm, and the under-sieve product with a grain size of -10 + 5 mm in a roller crusher with a gap of 3 mm, separate screening of crushing products of the third stage, respectively, according to the classes of 2 mm and 5 mm with the allocation of sublattice products with a particle size of -2 + 0 mm and -5 + 0 mm and their combination into a biodegradable fraction and over-sieve products. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized the fact that the heat treatment product of the gravitational concentrate is subjected to primary crushing sequentially magnetic separation with the extraction of ferrous metals and electrodynamic separation with the extraction of non-ferrous metals. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oversize products of all stages of screening, derived from the process, are sent to thermal processing.

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