RU2540736C1 - Device for underground development of thick and steep deposits of potassium ores - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: device for underground development of thick and steep deposits of potassium ores includes blind shaft tunneller of "ПГР-1" type consisting of guiding-holding down gear body with rollers on pillars, two driving motors, planetary reduction gear, actuating elements; hollow centring guide; cable winch mounted on frame. Blind shaft tunneller is equipped with device made in the form of integrated swivel and current collector and located in guide gear made as curb on the inner surface of which longitudinal grooves are made to accommodate pillars with rollers of guiding-holding down gear of tunneler, and fixed in guiding gear stopping device. At outer side of guiding gear, in the bottom part supporting hydraulic jacks are installed, and in the top part - throw over blocks for rope and for cable are fixed on axis. Wrench is made double-drum - rope-and-cable - and fitted on frame of caterpillar double-drive chassis, the frame is equipped at its front with supporting hydraulic jacks and at its top - with power manipulator pivotally connected with guiding gear controlled from driver's cabin. Apart from driver's cabin, ground control console is placed. Power manipulator includes boom with hydraulic cylinder for guiding gear lifting-lowering, hydraulic drive for boom rotation around its axis for an angle α, hydraulic cylinder using which guiding gear is turned for an angle β relative to boom longitudinal axis.

EFFECT: blind shaft tunneller functionality and structural capabilities enhancement, safety of works.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to mechanical devices for underground mining of potash ore deposits of powerful and steeply dipping deposits.

It can be used both for sinking gesenki, and when excavating potash ores in the floor with cameras whose height is equal to the height of the floor with the formation of treatment wells.

A device is known (Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. Development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm - Solikamsk, 2007, 189-190), containing a drilling machine, slewing ring, tracked undercarriage part, electric motor, cable winder, driver’s workplace. The undercarriage is a self-propelled caterpillar truck. It consists of a frame, balancers, gearbox, engine, tracked carts, an arm with a seat, a remote control and manual control.

Despite the versatility of the machine (drilling is possible at any angle of powerful and steeply falling deposits of both ascending, inclined, and descending wells), it is functionally and constructively limited in use: it produces wells from bottom to top, at a small production angle (12 °), and produces only preliminary preparation of the wells for their subsequent expansion to the cross section of the gozenka by other machines (mainly gozenko-sinking).

A device is known (Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. Development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm-Solikamsk, 2007, p. 225-231), a tunneling shearer consisting of a planetary type an executive body that destroys the face with three cutting discs, two planetary drills, a berm body with side cutters and a screw, which serves to level the soil and trim the working angles, a caterpillar track moving the combine in working and shunting modes. Mechanisms are controlled by the driver.

The device is not sufficiently maneuverable, it carries out ore production in blocks, realizing a complex scheme of preliminary actions to obtain ore in the form of blocks and subsequent actions associated with grinding and transporting it. A cleaning recess in the chamber system for developing underground ore deposits is provided on formations with an inclination angle of up to ± 12 °. It is difficult to manage, it works from the bottom up, which complicates its work, because great resistance to cutting and transportation of ore mined in the treatment well is created. It complicates the return of the harvester on the drift after drilling.

A device is known (US Pat. No. 2366794, IPC E21B 7/28, dated May 19, 2008), comprising a splined shaft with removable forward extenders on it and a guide lamp, a removable reverse extender, consisting of a telescopic cross and a guide lamp. Crossings of the expander are made with the possibility of extension of the rock cutting tool. The guide lamp is made in the form of retractable support shoes due to the presence of jacks mounted in the supports.

The device is complicated structurally and functionally. It is limited to carrying out floor-by-floor rising workings for transporting minerals. Cycle of work due to interruptions associated with the change of expanders and lights. The device is inefficient when used for the treatment of mining minerals, especially underground chamber method, developed floor-by-floor over the entire height of the floor. The device requires the presence of labor, which does not ensure the safety of work.

As a prototype, the claimed device was chosen (Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. Development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm - Solikamsk, 2007, from 191-194) as the closest in technical essence, and a positive effect. It includes a PGR-1 type gozenka sinker, a rope winch mounted on a frame in the form of a sheet-ski, unified with a series-manufactured winch, the kinematic chain of which also includes an adjustable hydraulic drive and a 2-stage gearbox with shunting and operating gears the switching of which is carried out by means of a gear clutch, as well as a block through which the winch is connected by a rope to the gozenki sinker.

The gozenka sink consists of nodes: a guide-expansion device with roller skis, two electric drive motors, a planetary gearbox, an external actuator, an internal actuator, a guide lamp.

The outer and inner actuators rotate in opposite directions relative to each other. The external and internal organs are a three-beam crown with removable beams at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other, at the ends of which pads are reinforced, with a set of cutting teeth. At the lower end of the gearbox shaft, a guiding hollow lamp is fixed on the bearing support, with which the gozenk sinker is centered relative to the leading well.

The ore beaten off by the cutting organs under its own weight, due to gravitational forces, enters the pilot well through the through holes in the guide light.

The device has a limitation in use: it is used as a device for auxiliary, preparatory workings in potash ores (for sinking vertical or steep workings, gesenki used as ore passages, equipped for human walks, freight elevators, etc.).

The device works with the involvement of labor for preparatory work, during drilling and during shipment of ore after the formation of gesenkas, which does not ensure the safety of underground work, increases the risk of industrial injuries. Its maneuverability, speed and accuracy of the establishment of a driller in the face are insufficient. The controllability of the position of the sinker above the pilot well is limited by providing reciprocating movement along the axis of the direction of immersion (vertical, steeply dipping, involving labor). The cable is in a complicated connection with the rope; after the notch is completely cut, the mouth of the gesenka is blocked by a special safety shelf, from which, as the penetrator deepens, the conductive cable is fastened to the supply cable with special benders, otherwise it can be pinched or cut off. Manually above the drilled pilot well in the roof, a flip block is fixed, through which the rope is transferred from the winch to the drift. The winch to the soil is fixed with anchors and is expanded by uprights between the roof. The body of the sinker is unfastened in the mine from turning by means of stretch marks, which complicates the preparatory operation and the operation of unfastening the sinker above the well. The device functions quite narrowly - like a sinker, and uses actuators of a limited diameter - for sinking. If it is used as a drilling unit for ore extraction in treatment wells and its extraction, it, as before, should use a lot of manual labor, i.e. insufficiently mechanized and maneuverable in work, as well as inefficient. The winch is connected to the gozenk sinker only by a rope, which complicates the cable operation during their interaction during drilling.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functional and constructive capabilities of the PGR-1 type gozenka tunnels in the direction of use for ore purification with the chamber system for developing powerful underground and steeply falling potassium ore deposits over the entire height of the floor in one run of the sinker.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that, as in the known device for the underground development of powerful and steeply falling deposits of potash ores, including a PGR-1 type gozenk sinker, consisting of a guide-expansion device body with rollers on racks, two drive motors, a planetary gearbox, an external gearbox and internal executive bodies rotating in opposite directions relative to each other and representing a beam with removable beams, on which pads are mounted with abord cutting elements; guide hollow lamp; cable winch mounted on a frame; the cross over unit through which the winch is connected to the gozenka sinker by the rope according to the invention, the gozenka sinker is equipped with a hook-on device made in the form of combined swivel and current collector and placed in a guiding device made in the form of a shell, on the inner surface of which longitudinal grooves are made for placing racks with rollers of the guide-expansion device of the tuner, and a locking device fixed in the guide apparatus; support hydraulic jacks are installed at the bottom of the guide vanes at the bottom, and overhead blocks for the rope and for the cable are fixed on the axis; the winch is made of double-drum - cable-and-cable, and is placed on the frame of the tracked undercarriage of the double-drive unit, the frame is equipped with bottom hydraulic jacks at the front and a power manipulator connected from the driver’s cab pivotally at the top; separate from the driver’s cab is a remote control panel; the power manipulator includes an arrow with a lifting hydraulic cylinder - lowering the guide apparatus, a hydraulic actuator for turning the boom around its axis by an angle α, a hydraulic cylinder with which the guide apparatus is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the boom by an angle β.

Matching features of the claimed device and prototype: the use of a drilling machine-penetrator gozenka type PGR-1; the presence of a cable winch mounted on a frame; cross over rope block; the gozenk sink includes: a guide-and-spacer case, on the ends of the racks of which are fixed rollers, two drive motors, a planetary gear, external and internal actuators rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, which are beam crowns with removable beams, at the ends of which are fixed pads with cutting elements, a guide hollow lamp.

Distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype: for treatment excavations of potash ores, a gozenka sink is used with a trailed device for a rope and cable placed in it in the form of a combined swivel with a current collector; double drum winch; cross over two-unit system for moving the rope and cable; blocks are fixed on an axis on a guide apparatus; the guiding apparatus is made in the form of a shell with longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the housing with a locking device for the used goosene sinker and hydraulic jacks fixed under the guiding apparatus; a power manipulator that rotates through an angle of 30 °, in different planes and moves up and down the guiding device during the installation of the gozenka sinker above the pilot well; device control from the driver’s cab automatically using a remote control panel; two-drive tracked undercarriage with autonomous movement of the left and right tracks, on the frame of which the components of the device are located in the transport position, the front end is equipped with hydraulic jacks. The driving elements of the sinker are made with a diameter that provides a high-performance technological process for the extraction of potash ore in one run.

A comparative analysis of the claimed device with the prototype showed that the claimed significantly differs from the prototype in the presence of nodes and their connections with each other, a new function of the well-known gozenki sink and the interconnection of elements among themselves in nodes.

Unlike the prototype, in the inventive device, the winch is double-drum, i.e. complemented by a cable drum. Moreover, their work is synchronized, which guarantees an uninterrupted process of supplying the penetrator to the well without numerous cable presses, as before; and accordingly, simplifying communication with the sinker. The effect is complemented by the presence of a trailing device for a rope and cable in the form of a swivel combined with a current collector, which guarantees, in case of cable problems, timely shutdown of the system. Unlike the prototype, the winch is located on the caterpillar undercarriage, which allows you to: significantly simplify the overall supply system from top to bottom of the goosene explorer to the pilot hole previously made from bottom to top; maneuver quickly, easily, from one well to another. The caterpillar undercarriage is also made of two-wheel drive, and therefore, each part can be maneuvered according to an individual task according to the passport.

Unlike the prototype, there is no manual labor when securing the flip blocks (for the rope and cable - separately). They are mounted and fixed on an axis on the guide vane, and not in the roof of the ventilation drift, which simplifies the process of preparing the device for operation, completely eliminating injuries to workers, because they are absent in this zone.

In the inventive device, in contrast to the prototype, the gozenk sinker is also used for drilling treatment wells, where the ultimate goal is the extraction of minerals by the chamber, from top to bottom, to obtain crushed ore (and not blocks) of ore due to gravitational force acting when drilling on the sinker and ore. The gozenka walker has only a single-wire winch; moving the cable to the walker is not synchronized and complicated. Consequently, the gozenka sinker, made with a trailing device that serves both the rope and the cable with actuators with removable blocks and cutting elements on them, has the opportunity to perform treatment wells, and not just passages for transporting people or equipment. A guiding device in the form of a shell with grooves for moving racks with rollers of the guide-spacer device along it allows using a sinker with more than earlier wide functional and design capabilities.

In contrast to the prototype, the claimed device, as well as its component — the gozenka sinker, has a significantly higher level of mechanization due to the combination of the guiding apparatus connections with the gozenki sinker in it and with the power manipulator that manipulates the position of the guiding apparatus and correspondingly the gozenka sinker, quickly and precisely guiding the guiding apparatus from the caterpillar undercarriage to the pilot well, making turns at an angle (0-30 °) in various planes relative to the axis of the boom. At the same time, hydraulic jacks guarantee the stability of the system and the running gear and the drilling apparatus as a whole, and drilling by the external and internal executive bodies allows the ore to be cut and beat in a treatment well in a stable mode, to obtain ore in the form of guaranteed crushed material passing smoothly down under its own weight in transport drift through the cavity in the guide light used by the goosene explorer.

Therefore, the claimed device has a technical solution, has a "novelty" and has significant differences from the prototype and other known devices of the same purpose (Skornyakov Yu.G. Development systems and complexes of self-propelled machines for underground ore mining. M., Nedra, p.19 ; Starkov LI The main directions for improving salt miners. Mining at the turn of the 21st century: international conference materials, Ekaterinburg, IGDuro RAS, 1997; Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2448248; Pat. No. 2150000; Pat. No. 2059810 ; pat. 2059815; pat. No. 2302527, etc.). It is industrially applicable since its layout and operation does not require the development and use of new materials. The device is in demand by industry.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device, section;

figure 2 schematically shows the device, a top view;

figure 3 schematically shows a device, side view;

figure 4 schematically shows a power manipulator, a section;

figure 5 schematically shows used in the inventive device, the sump well, section;

figure 6 presents the scheme of driving pilot and treatment wells and used equipment, section.

The device comprises: (Figs. 1-5) a two-wheel tracked undercarriage (1a) and (1b) with a frame 2 at the top (Figs. 1-2), on which a cable-cable winch, which has a separate cable drum (3, is placed in the transport position) ) and the cable on it (4) and the rope drum (5) and the rope (6) on it (figure 2); driver's cab (7); remote control panel (8) (figure 3); a power manipulator (figure 4), including an arrow (9), mounted on a frame (2), which is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (10) that provides lifting and lowering of the arrow, with a hydraulic actuator (11) to rotate the arrow around its axis by an angle α (0 -30 °), with a rotation cylinder (12) (0-30 ° - rotation range within 90-60 ° - for steeply falling deposits) relative to the boom of the guide apparatus; hydraulic jacks (13) mounted on the lower front of the frame (2); a guide apparatus (14) in the form of a shell with a metal casing, on the inner surface of which longitudinal grooves (15) are made (Fig. 2); on the upper part of the casing (14) there are fixed flip blocks - cable (16) and cable (17) on the axis (18) (Fig.2-3); a hinge (19) is fixed on the outer side surface of the casing of the guide apparatus, connecting it to the boom (9) of the power manipulator; hydraulic jacks (20) are fixed in the lower part from the outside of the guide apparatus; a locking device (21) securing the sinking machine (gozenka sinker, and in a new quality, and an aggregate for forming a treatment well, mining ore by a chamber method) with a guiding apparatus; the used gozenki sinker (FIG. 5) comprises: a hook-on device (22) for the rope and winch cable, made in the form of combined swivel and current collector; a housing (25) of a guide-expansion device made with uprights (26) and spring-loaded rollers (27) at the ends, a planetary gear (28), external (29); an actuator with cutting (30) elements on the blocks of the removable rays of the crown (31); internal executive body (32) with cutting (33) elements on the blocks. In both cases, the external and internal executive bodies are made in the form of beam crowns with removable beams; guiding hollow lamp (34).

The device operates as follows.

First, from bottom to top, from a sub-floor transport drift (35) using a self-propelled (6) drilling rig (36), a given diameter of a pilot well (37a) is drilled according to a specified drilling passport to the entire floor height with its exit from the lower sub-floor transport drift (35) to the upper ventilation floor deck drift (38). Drilling trifle, formed during the drilling of a well, comes down under the influence of gravitational forces directly or using mobile cranes (39a) to a conveyor (not shown). Then, from top to bottom, the main mass of potash ore is mined in the chamber (40a) from the ventilation sub-floor drift (38) by the claimed device (pos. 1-34). For this, the device is pre-assembled (Figs. 1-5): components are placed on the frame (2) of the tracked undercarriage (1), i.e. a guiding apparatus with a gozenka sink in it (14-34), a driver's cab (7), a power manipulator (9-12), a double-drum (cable-cable) winch (3-6) with drives (not shown). Management is carried out from the driver’s cab (7) remotely using an external control panel (8). The device drives up to the pilot borehole (37b) (Fig.6), so that the guide light (34) of the gozenki sinker (22-34) is approximately above the mouth of the pilot borehole. The caterpillar undercarriage is made with separate drives (1a and 1b) (Figs. 1, 2), allowing autonomous caterpillars to easily maneuver, efficiently and in accordance with the drilling passport. At the same time, the power manipulator (9-12) (Fig. 4) extends the guiding apparatus (14) and, accordingly, the goosene explorer (22-34) in it, previously locked by the locking device (21) in the housing of the guiding apparatus (14) (Fig. .2). In this case, the guide-spacer device is fixed in the longitudinal grooves (15) of the guide apparatus of the claimed device due to the presence in the housing (25) of the racks (26) with rollers (27) at their ends, with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the grooves.

Using a rope and cable (4, 6) on the reels (3, 5) of the winch, thrown over the overhead blocks (16, 17), mounted on the axis (18) at the top of the guide vane body (14), and mounted in the tow hitch ( 22) the gozenka sinker (Fig. 5), after turning on the winch rope drum, the sinker is exposed above the well (Fig. 6) more accurately by a remotely controlled remote control panel (8), a power manipulator with the position of the guide apparatus above the well; moving the device guide (14) up and down - due to the connection of the hydraulic cylinder (10) with the boom; the hydraulic actuator (11) to rotate the boom (9) ensures that the boom rotates around its axis by an angle (α) and, accordingly, of the guide apparatus by the same angle, and the hydraulic cylinder (12) connecting the boom to the guide apparatus ensures rotation of the guide apparatus above the pilot well, relative to the longitudinal axis of the boom at an angle (β) (figure 4).

Rope and cable movements are synchronized automatically. Further, in the working position, support hydraulic jacks (13) of the tracked undercarriage and hydraulic jacks (20) of the device guide are installed. The rope drum (5) of the winch is turned on, and the penetrator by the rope (6) is lifted along the longitudinal grooves (15) of the guide apparatus body up to remove the penetrator from the locking device (21). Then, the gozenka sinker descends along the longitudinal grooves (15) and is brought into the pilot well (37b) by the hollow guide lamp (34) using a winch having both a rope and a cable thrown over the cross over blocks (16, 17) placed on the body of the guide apparatus (fourteen). Then, electric motors are turned on (23, 24) and at a low speed the driller drills into the pilot well, and then drills to form a treatment well (40a), the diameter of which is determined by the diameter of the external actuator (29), (≈2.0-5.0 m).

Then, the housing (25) of the guide-expansion device, freed from communication with the guide apparatus, the racks (26) with the rollers (27) move down the grooves (15), cut into the walls of the well and, thus, do not allow the penetrator to rotate around its own axis when reactive moments of cutting crowns of the executive organs. Feeding the gozenka sinker to the face is carried out under its own weight (5-6 tons or more), and the feed rate is regulated from the remote control panel.

The beaten potash ore in the treatment well under its own weight freely leaves (Fig. 6) through the through hole in the guide light down the pilot well (37b) into the sub-floor transport drift (35) and is loaded onto vehicles (37b). The process of drilling a treatment well ends when the penetrator goes deep into the array to the full height of the floor with the formation of a chamber (40c) and leaving the pillar (41) in the floor (N).

After completion of the expansion of the pilot well to the treatment plant, the gozenk sinker (also known as a drilling and drilling machine for drilling treatment wells and for ore mining) with a maneuvering speed is issued upward, to the sub-floor ventilation drift (38), and is inserted into the guide apparatus along longitudinal grooves ( 15) in it and is fixed in the apparatus by the locking device (21). At the same time, with the lifting speed of the sinker - the cleaning machine, the supply cable (4) is simultaneously rolled up onto the cable drum (3) and the rope (6) onto the cable drum (5) of the cable-winch. Upon completion of these operations, the device is brought into transport position and distilled to the next pilot well (37c).

Depending on the physicomechanical properties of the ore layers being mined, ore extraction can be carried out, for example, by insulated vertical cleaning chambers of circular shape arranged in a checkerboard pattern or, for example, by a continuous recess, etc.

To ensure increased production performance by the claimed device in the chamber on a sub-floor ventilation drift (38), several such devices can be used simultaneously. The leading well is formed from the bottom up.

The inventive device compared with the prototype has the advantages of:

- The device uses the well-known gozenk sinker for a new purpose - for mining ore with treatment, treatment wells, expanding its functional and structural capabilities;

- the device allows to increase the level of mechanization of the work carried out during the underground development of powerful and steeply dipping mineral deposits;

- the device allows you to optimally increase the level of mechanization of ore mining due to the presence and maneuverability of the tracked undercarriage, the maneuverability of the power manipulator, which allows you to move and rotate the boom and, accordingly, the guide apparatus around its axis relative to its longitudinal axis, by automating the operation of the remote control panel , synchronization of the cable and rope winch, the implementation of the towing device in the sinker gozenki in the form of a swivel and current collector, flip blocks for the rope and the clothes fixed on the directing device. All this in the device eliminates the presence of workers in hazardous areas and does not require additional manual work on the layout of the device, its installation and operation, simplifying processes and improving working conditions when drilling wells, extracting potash ore and delivering it to the vehicle;

- the device allows you to organize an underground continuous, in-line process of ore mining by the chamber method for the entire height of the floor for one descent from top to bottom, it is much more productive with preliminary work on the formation of pilot wells from the bottom up, subsequent ore mining due to its own and weight machine down the pilot well, the presence of a conveyor belt in the transport drift, continuously delivering the ore coming from above, and the full mechanization of the work.

List of sources of information taken into account:

1. Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. The development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm - Solikamsk, 2007, 189-190 (analogue).

2. Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. The development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm - Solikamsk, 2007, p. 225-231 (analogue).

3. Patent No. 2366794, IPC E21B 7/28, dated May 19, 2008 (analogue).

4. Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. The development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm - Solikamsk, 2007, p. 191-194 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A device for the underground development of powerful and steeply falling potash ore deposits, including a PGR-1 type gozenk sinker, consisting of a guide-expansion device body with rollers on racks, two electric drive motors, a planetary gearbox, external and internal actuators rotating in opposite directions relative to each other friend and representing a beam with removable beams, on which pads with a set of cutting elements are mounted; guide hollow lamp; cable winch mounted on a frame; a cross over block through which the winch is connected to the gozenka sinker by a rope, characterized in that the gozenka sinker is equipped with a hook-on device made in the form of combined swivel and current collector, and is placed in a guide apparatus made in the form of a shell, on the inner surface of which longitudinal grooves are made for placement racks with rollers of the guide-expansion device of the sinker, and a locking device fixed in the guide apparatus; support hydraulic jacks are installed at the bottom of the guide vanes at the bottom, and overhead blocks for the rope and for the cable are fixed on the axis; the winch is made of double-drum - cable-and-cable, and is placed on the frame of the tracked undercarriage of the double-drive unit, the frame is equipped with bottom hydraulic jacks at the front and a power manipulator connected from the driver’s cab pivotally at the top; separate from the driver’s cab is a remote control panel; the power manipulator includes an arrow with a lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinder of the guide apparatus, a hydraulic drive for turning the boom around its axis by an angle α, a hydraulic cylinder with which the guide apparatus is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis of the boom by an angle β.

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