RU2539193C2 - Ice jam preventing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrology, in particular to regulation of ice conditions of rivers, namely to technology of works on elimination of ice jams on rivers, and is aimed at the prevention of jam-related floods. The device is a catamaran, in the hold of one of hulls of which a diesel engine is installed, and in another a generator with an accumulator battery is installed. The device has a screw shaft for the ice pre-capturing, a screw shaft with stiffeners for final braking of the ice, a transfer change gear for the rotation of the screw shaft with stiffeners. On the shaft with stiffeners a gear wheel for the rotation of the screw shaft of the ice pre-capturing through a cargo chain is installed. The shaft of the ice pre-capturing rotates and moves up and down along the bracket groove. Rise and lowering of the screw shaft of the ice pre-capturing is performed by a hydraulic piston. The front part of the catamaran is fitted with a tank with holes for passing of water and collecting the ice pieces after preliminary passing of the river ice breaker. The similar tank and the screw shaft are installed aft the catamaran. Propulsion engines are installed in the engine room under the pilot cabin between the catamaran hulls. For the adjustment of the length of the screw shaft the brackets on racks are installed.

EFFECT: prevention of destructive floods in jam regions is provided.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of hydrology, in particular to the regulation of the ice regime of rivers, and in particular, relates to techniques for the elimination of ice jams on rivers and is aimed at preventing floods resulting from congestion.

A known method of eliminating ice congestion by mechanically breaking ice with ice-cutting machines or an icebreaker [Guidelines for preventing the formation of ice jams on the rivers of the Russian Federation and combating them. Shahramanyan M.A., Veksler A.B., Pchelkin V.I. and others. - M .: FC VNII GOCHS, 2003., p. 73-86]. The disadvantages of the method are that ice-cutting machines are usually suitable for preventive and preventive measures, and icebreakers on the rivers are practically absent. There are no ice-cutting machines.

A known method of eliminating an ice jam, including laying explosive charges on ice, in ice and under ice and blasting them [Methodological guidelines for dealing with ice congestion and blockages. VSM 02870. Ministry of Energy of the USSR, M., 1970; Guidelines for preventing the formation of ice jams on the rivers of the Russian Federation and combating them. Shahramanyan M.A., Veksler A.B., Pchelkin V.I. and others. - M .: FC VNII GOCHS, 2003., p.90-106]. The use of these methods is associated with large expenditures of material and labor resources and in most cases is ineffective, since in the presence of water under the ice surface and due to its plasticity, explosive devices break ice and explode in water without causing noticeable ice damage. At the same time, fish stocks are destroyed, causing great environmental damage.

Known methods of dealing with ice complications by creating pneumatic protective barriers (Kolesnikova T.V. Protection of the Pskov coastal intake from sludge-ice complications. Water supply and sanitary equipment. 1984, 4; A.S. 1086063, bull. 14, 1984; Kolesnikova T.V. Hydraulics of pneumobarrier complexes of damless water intakes of pumping stations. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, SSC "Gosekomeliovod", M., 1999). In these methods, ice and sludge are prevented by supplying compressed air below the level of a river or other body of water. These methods of dealing with ice complications are more rational, since they do not lead to possible damage and environmental damage in comparison with, for example, bombing and explosions. The disadvantage of these methods is their low efficiency in the destruction of large and strong accumulations of ice already formed in the congestion.

There is a method of preventing and destroying ice formations by using the energy and heat of deep water (Balanin V.V., Borodkin B.S., Melkonyan G.I. Use of heat from deep water of reservoirs. Publishing house "Transport", 1964). This method consists in supplying compressed air from the compressor to perforated openings laid at the bottom of the reservoir. At the same time, air is supplied continuously to all pipelines perforated with holes and when it leaves the holes air bubbles form, which due to Archimedean forces rise to the surface, dragging the lower layers of water to the surface of the reservoir. The air flow rate and the location of the holes in the pipelines are selected so that the bottom, warmer layers of water reach the surface in the required area of the water area and due to this heat, as well as due to the forces arising from the interaction with the ice of the water raised in the form of a crest, prevention or destruction of ice formations. The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency in dealing with ice congestion. This is due to the fact that the heat used and the forces of interaction with ice that arise during the continuous rise of deep waters are not enough to destroy and disperse large ice fragments that form a mash.

A known method of ice destruction by an amphibious hovercraft (SVP), which is moved along the edge of the ice at a resonant speed. In this case, resonant bending-gravitational waves (IGW) are excited in ice, which destroy the ice (Patent RU 2203826, 05/10/2003). The disadvantage of this method is its limited ice-breaking ability over the thickness of the ice cover.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of preventing the destruction of congestion in river sections.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to prevent destructive floods in areas of congestion.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig.1-2.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the proposed device for the destruction of ice cover and congestion, where: auger shafts - 1 for preliminary capture of ice, auger shafts - 2 for final crushing of ice, load chain - 3, snail ejection - 4, gear - 5, a gear wheel - 6, ribs - 7, a container with holes for water passage and collecting pieces of ice - 8, motion engines - 9.

Figure 2 presents a cross section of the proposed device.

A diesel engine is installed in one of the catamaran’s hulls, and a generator with a battery is installed in the other. Through the gear gear guitar - 5.6, rotation is fed to the final crusher - auger shaft - 2 with ribs 7. A gear wheel - 6 is installed on the auger shaft - 2 to supply rotation to the auger shaft - 2 for preliminary capture of ice through the load chain - 3. Auger-shaft - 1 rotates and moves up and down the groove of a special bracket. Raising and lowering the auger shafts - 1 is carried out by a hydraulic piston (not shown in Fig.), For example, from a ZIL-130 dump truck, modified for mounting and lifting auger shafts. The front of the catamaran is equipped with a capacity of 8 with holes for the passage of water and collecting pieces of ice after the preliminary passage of the river icebreaker. A similar capacity - 8 and screw shafts - 1, 2 are installed on the stern (conditionally) of the catamaran. The movement forward and backward is carried out without turning the entire body. Movement engines - 9 are installed in the engine room under the steering cabin between the catamaran. The length of the screw shafts can be adjusted using the brackets on the racks (not shown in Fig.), I.e. bring to a few meters.

The application of the proposed device will save fish stocks in rivers, prevent spring floods and floods, create a clean passage of melt water, and it can also be used to create a fairway for year-round passage of ships and barges.

A device for preventing ice congestion, which is a catamaran, in the hold of one of the hulls of which a diesel engine is installed, and the generator with a battery is installed in the other, contains a screw shaft for preliminary capture of ice, a screw shaft with ribs for the final crushing of ice, gear gear guitar for supplying rotation to the screw shaft with ribs, a gear wheel mounted on the shaft with ribs for feeding rotation to the screw shaft of the preliminary ice capture through the load chain, the pre-capture shaft l yes, it rotates and moves up and down the bracket groove, the preliminary ice capture screw is raised and lowered by a hydraulic piston, the front of the catamaran is equipped with a container with holes for water passage and ice blocks after preliminary passage of the river icebreaker, the same capacity and screw the shafts are mounted at the stern of the catamaran, the propulsion engines are installed in the engine room under the helmsman’s cabin between the catamaran’s hulls. yah.

Claims (1)

A device for preventing ice congestion, which is a catamaran, in the hold of one of the hulls of which a diesel engine is installed, and the generator with a battery is installed in the other, contains a screw shaft for preliminary capture of ice, a screw shaft with ribs for the final crushing of ice, gear gear guitar for supplying rotation to the screw shaft with ribs, a gear wheel mounted on the shaft with ribs for feeding rotation to the screw shaft of the preliminary ice capture through the load chain, the pre-capture shaft l yes it rotates and moves up and down along the groove of the bracket, raising and lowering the auger shaft of the preliminary ice capture is carried out by a hydraulic piston, the front of the catamaran is equipped with a container with holes for water passage and collecting pieces of ice after the preliminary passage of the river icebreaker, a similar capacity and the screw the shafts are mounted at the stern of the catamaran, the propulsion engines are installed in the engine room under the helmsman’s cabin between the catamaran’s hulls. yah.

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