RU2326785C1 - Method of destruction of ice cover for marine ice breakers and device to its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: method of destruction of an ice cover for the sea ice breakers, based on the of use consists in using an independent underwater device consisting of an empty 100 l-capacity vessel, a hollow 20 m³-capacity triangular-section fuselage fairing and an engine room connected with the ice breaker by an power electric cable. Submerging the device under the ice, using a control panel located onboard the ice breaker and a pump-jet propulsion unit moves the device to where the ice should be destructed. The gate is opened to fill the vessel with water. The fuselage fairing provides for buoyancy of the device leaning by the fuselage fairing against the ice lower edge. Air is released from the fuselage fairing, in filling the latter with water, through the return valve. By pumping the water out from the vessel through the pipe and return valve an Archimedean force equal to 100 ton is created to exceed the ice temporary shear resistance equal to 30 kg/cm by almost five times at the point the fuselage fairing sharp edge gets into contact with ice. Now, the pressure in the fuselage fairing is reduced to 0.2 atm. After formation of a fracture in ice, the ice breaker and the device move forward. The device consists of a vessel, a fuselage fairing, a pump-jet propulsion unit with turning nozzle, motor-driven water pump, a return valve to release water from the said vessel, water intake pipe, a gat to fill the vessel with water and a return valve to release air from the fuselage fairing on filling the vessel with water.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of breaking the ice.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to an icebreaking fleet, in particular, to a technique for prolonging navigation in winter on the Northern Sea Route by breaking ice cover up to 2.5 meters and more.

There are various methods and devices for destroying the ice cover using subversive charges on and below the ice surface, melting ice with hot steam or electric heating, cutting ice with heat (Russian patent No. 2148760 with priority 03.12.99, author G. Khalidov), cutting ice on fragments in other ways (V. Zuev. Means for prolonging navigation on inland waterways. L., "Shipbuilding", 1986; V.I. Odinokov, V.M. Kozin "Method of ice cover destruction", Russian patent No. 2220878, Bulletin of inventions No. 1 of 01.10.04; B.A. Adamovich et al. “Method of destruction ice cover and device for its implementation ", patent of Russia No. 2210517 with priority 03.11.2000, Bulletin of inventions No. 23 from 08.20.2003).

The closest analogue of the present invention is a method of destruction of the ice cover, carried out by submarines during ascent, by blowing the tanks of the main ballast. For example, on December 19, 1908, the Russian submarine Mullet in the Bosphorus Strait sailed for 5 minutes under ice with a thickness of 5 mm, destroying it with a periscope. At the ascent, the boat broke through a more powerful ice field, "lifting the ice onto itself."

Before the war, the Russian boat Sch-324 surfaced, destroying 120 mm thick ice, and another S-1 boat raised ice 200 mm thick. In 1959, an American Skate boat broke ice when it surfaced 0.5 meters thick, and another Sargo boat broke ice in 1.22 meters in 1960.

In Russia, a project 941 Typhoon Shark submarine hull broke ice 2 meters thick.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is used by the submarine for its operational purposes in order to get out of the shelter by ascent and produce rocket fire.

Such a nuclear submarine costs perhaps more than a large icebreaker.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a less cumbersome and expensive method and device for the destruction of the ice cover, in which the device is an icebreaker and can be quickly used.

The technical result of this invention is the creation of such a method and device for the destruction of the ice cover with a thickness of 2.5 and more meters in the Arctic and Antarctic, especially for nuclear submarines and for escorting vessels along the Northern Sea Route that do not have the above drawback.

The problem is solved by creating a self-propelled apparatus under the ice from an icebreaker that splits the ice below from an icebreaker under the influence of an Archimedean force generated when water is pumped out of the body of this apparatus.

The method consists in taking an autonomous underwater vehicle, consisting of an empty tank 1 with a volume of 100 m ³ , a hollow triangular section of a garrot 2 with a volume of 20 m ³ and an engine room 3, which is connected to the icebreaker by a power electric cable 4; lower this apparatus under the ice and, using the control panel located on board the icebreaker, and the jet engine 5, bring it to the place of ice destruction, then, opening the gate 9, fill the tank 1 with outboard water, while the garrot 2 ensures buoyancy of the entire apparatus supported by the garrot to the lower edge of the ice, air from the gargrot when filling the tank 1 with water is released through the check valve 10; then pump 6 through the pipe 8 and the check valve 7 to pump out water from the tank 1 and create an Archimedean force equal to 100 tons, with which, at the point of contact of the sharp edge of the garrot, with ice, the temporary shear resistance of ice equal to 30 kg / cm ² is almost 5 times, and the pressure in the garrot is reduced to 0.2 atm;

after the formation of cracks in the ice, the icebreaker and the apparatus are advanced forward, and the next cycle of ice destruction begins by opening the gate 9 again and filling the tank 1 with a new portion of water under the influence of hydrostatic pressure and vacuum in the garrot 2.

The device diagram is shown in the drawing. A device apparatus for implementing this method consists of the following elements: capacity 1, garrot 2, engine room 3, power electric cable 4, water-jet engine with rotary nozzle 5, water pump 6 with electric drive, check valve 7, which can only discharge water from capacity 1, the intake pipe 8, the gate 9, with the ability to fill the tank 1 with seawater, and the check valve 10, with the ability to release air from the garrot when filling the tank 1 with sea water.

The device operates as follows: when the icebreaker rests on the ice cover that is not destroyed by the icebreaker’s hull, it backs up and lowers the apparatus 1 using the winch. Then, opening the gate 9, fill the apparatus with outboard water, immersing it under the ice and moving it with engine 5 forward. After that, with the help of pump 6, water is pumped out of the apparatus, creating the calculated Archimedean force on the garrot, which destroys the ice cover with its sharp edge when the apparatus emerges. Next, the process is repeated, moving the apparatus forward. In the absence of severe ice conditions, the device is on board the icebreaker.

Device Specifications:

- diameter 3m - length 14 m - gargrot height 1m - water tank 100 m ³ - capacity for gargrot 20 m ³ - power of the running electric motor 5 kW - power consumption of the water pump 10 kW - dry weight of the apparatus 18 t - maximum Archimedean force 118 t - maximum Archimedean force, - acting on ice 100 t - maximum gargorot pressure on ice up to 150 kg / cm ² - width of the sharp edge of the gargrot 0.5 cm

Claims (2)

1. A method of destroying the ice cover for marine icebreakers, based on the use of Archimedean force, characterized in that they take an autonomous underwater vehicle consisting of an empty tank with a volume of 100 m ³ , a hollow triangular cross section of a garroth with a volume of 20 m ³ and an engine room, which is connected with icebreaker by power electric cable; lower this apparatus under ice and using a control panel located on board the icebreaker and a water-jet engine bring it to the place of ice destruction, then, opening the gate, fill the tank with outboard water, while the garrot makes the entire apparatus buoyed by the garrot on the lower edge of the ice , air from the gargrot when filling the tank with water is released through the check valve; then pumping water from the tank through the pipe and the non-return valve and creating an Archimedean force equal to 100 tons, with which, at the point of contact of the sharp edge of the garrot, with ice, the temporary shear resistance of ice equal to 30 kg / cm ² is almost 5 times higher, and the pressure in the garrot is reduced to 0.2 atm; after the formation of cracks in the ice, the icebreaker and the apparatus move forward and the next cycle of ice destruction begins by opening the gate again and filling the tank with a new portion of water under the influence of hydrostatic pressure and vacuum in the garrot. 2. Device for breaking the ice cover for sea icebreakers, placed on board the icebreaker and lowered under water in order to break into a powerful ice cover, characterized in that it consists of the following elements: a tank, garroth, engine room, power electric cable, jet engine with rotary nozzle, electric water pump, non-return valve, which can only discharge water from the tank, intake pipe, gate, which can fill the tank with seawater, and the return to a valve with the ability to release air from the gargrot when filling the tank with sea water.