RU2534591C2 - Transfer car for transborder bridge of spaceport technical area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to space engineering, namely to transfer cars for transborder bridge of spaceport technical area. The transfer car for transborder bridge of spaceport technical area includes electromechanical drive powered from trolleys via movable current collector, load platform, automatic foam extinguishing installation with remote control and elements protected against action of explosion and fire hazards and action of propellant components (PC) spilled in emergency situation, with steam generators in electromechanical drive cubicle, with sunken foam generators with covers for protection against PC ingress, trays under load platform to collect spilled PC, connected with pipeline with shutoff cock, near-bottom zones with current collector with traps made off incombustible materials. Portions of load platform have slopes towards holes going from pipelines connected with trays for spilled PC collecting.

EFFECT: possibility to improve fire protection of space engineering products when they are moved between spaceport facilities.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring fire safety of cosmodrome facilities and can be used in the development of a fireproof transborder carriage - the main element of the transborder designed for transportation of rocket and space technology products (hereinafter - RCT) across the technical complex of the cosmodrome between storage facilities of RCT product blocks, installation and testing buildings, gas stations, installation and preventive buildings and other objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome (Kos onautics: Encyclopedia / Edited by V.P. Glushko. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - 527 p .; GOST R 51143-98. "Launch and technical complexes of space-rocket complexes. General requirements for testing and acceptance ").

Due to the fact that cosmodrome objects circulate highly flammable and explosive substances (self-decomposing combustible, compressed and liquefied combustible gases, flammable and combustible liquids, strong oxidizing agents) (Cosmonautics: Encyclopedia / Ed. By V.P. Glushko. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - 527 pp.) In quantities greater than the threshold quantities determined, for example, by GOST (GOST R 12.3.047-98. "Fire safety of technological processes. General requirements. Control methods"), cosmodromes belong to objects with technologically and processes of high fire danger.

Considering that at the facilities where tests, refueling of the RCT products were carried out and their launches were carried out, fire and explosion hazard situations had previously occurred, the fire and explosion hazard of the RCT objects was now ranked among the main dangerous factors of technological processes in astronautics (Space Flight Safety / Beregovoi G.T., etc. . // - M .: "Engineering". 1977. - 263 p .; Cosmonautics: Encyclopedia / Edited by V.P. Glushko. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - 527 p.).

Cosmodromes are critical facilities, since disruption or termination of at least some of the cosmodrome facilities could harm the country's national interests in the political, economic, social, military and other fields (the definition corresponds to GOST R 52551-2006 “Security and safety systems. Terms and definitions)).

According to the provisions of the Federal Law (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-ФЗ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”), ensuring the fire safety of spaceport facilities is mandatory.

In connection with the above, the development of fire and explosion-proof equipment for spaceports is an urgent task.

The preparation of a space flight is associated with the need to carry out large numbers of movements of RCT products throughout the cosmodrome, including those charged with rocket fuel components (hereinafter - SRT). Transportation of RCT products: satellites, booster blocks, space warheads, in which the charged satellites and booster blocks are located, in the process of preparing them for launch, depending on the technology adopted at this cosmodrome, by various means: on railway platforms, by road, on transport carts on a rubber track or on rails, moved, for example, by electric vehicles (Cosmonautics: Encyclopedia / Gl. ed. V.P. Glushko. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - 527 p.).

In order to accelerate the process of moving massive loads, structures, products in the shipbuilding industry, railway transport, in the operation of city transport and in other branches of technology, transborder devices are widely used to move massive products along the shortest path, for the shortest time.

When using a transborder in a cosmodrome, it is necessary to use a transborder and a transborder carriage included in it, designed to move the RCT products between the objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, the design of which should ensure the safety of the RCT products and objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome when moving products, including fire and explosion safety of products and objects technical complex, as well as the environmental safety of the facilities of the technical complex of the cosmodrome.

The fire hazard during an emergency spill is represented by both combustible components of rocket fuels and oxidizing agents, which themselves are not formally classified as combustible substances, but significantly increase the fire hazard of substances and materials when the oxidant comes into contact with them in a liquid and / or gaseous state, and when the oxidizer is mixed explosive mixtures are formed with combustible rocket fuels (“Chemotology of rocket and jet fuels.” Edited by A. Bratkov. - M.: “Chemistry.” 1987; Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials and means their quenching / Reference edition 2 // A.N.Baratov books etc. -... M .: "Chemistry" 1990. -. 970 s)..

Known transborders and transborder trolleys for various purposes.

Known design transborder carriage, which is installed on rail tracks laid at the bottom of the transborder recess. On the upper belt of the frame, at the level mark of the territory of the shipyard, rail tracks are laid, which are a continuation of the shipping lines of slipways. This design of the transborder trolleys allows you to move the vessel mounted on the slipway carts to the transborder, then the transborder along with the slipway carts moves along the transverse paths to another slipway line or for launching it (Russian Patent No. 2046733. “Self-propelled transborder for moving ship structures and vessels in two mutually perpendicular directions. ”Patent class: B63C 5/00. Applicant: State Union Design Institute“ Soyuzproektverf. ”Author: NA Chekletsov Date of publication: 10.27.1995).

A known complex for loading / unloading railway tanks on a sea rail ferry. It includes a device for loading railway tanks on a sea ferry containing rail tracks. The device is mounted on a sea pier with the ability to move relative to the latter. Moreover, the cross sections of rail tracks located on the cargo deck of the ferry coincide with the cross sections of rail tracks mounted on a device for loading railway tanks on sea ferry installed on the quay (Russian Patent No. 2369517. “Complex for loading railway tanks on a sea railway ferry ". Patent classes: B63B 27/00, B65G 67/60. Author: Grzhebin MZ Date of publication: 04/20/2009).

Consideration of these analog devices of the present invention showed that they cannot be used constructively and functionally as part of the transborder of the technical complex of the cosmodrome due to the complexity of their design and operation, high metal consumption and the absence of built-in fire extinguishing systems that are moved together with the RCT products. The latter position increases the fire and explosion hazard of the transborder, making it possible in an emergency to destroy products and spread the fire to other objects.

The closest analogue, taken as a prototype in the development of this proposed invention, made a logistic decision in the field of storage (Found via the Internet: URL: http: //logisty.narod.ru/gadj/gadj.html. Gadzhinsky AM Logistic solutions in the field of warehousing Moscow University of Consumer Cooperation. HTML - version of the document dated July 25, 2011), which consists in the following.

The transshipment of products (goods) to or from a vehicle is carried out using rail or road ramps, the cargo area of which is at the level of the cargo area of a railway or automobile vehicle. In this case, loading and unloading equipment is used.

This logistic solution does not address the issues of ensuring fire and explosion safety of the processes of transshipment, transportation, warehousing of products (cargo) depending on their fire and explosion hazard properties.

This is the main drawback of this technical solution, which does not allow it to be used in the development of a transborder for the technical complex of the cosmodrome and its main element - a transborder carriage, with the help of which RCT products are transported, including those filled with SRT.

The aim of this invention is to develop a transborder carriage for a transborder, the device of which provides fire protection of the RCT products when moving between objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, reduces the risk of fire spreading to the objects of the technical complex, and also reduces the risk of infection of the elements of the transborder and the environment with highly toxic fuel components. Considering that fuel components with specific fire and explosion hazard properties are being handled at spaceport facilities, in particular, they spontaneously explode upon contact with each other. Therefore, the goal is to achieve fire protection of transported goods by means of the use of complementary means and methods that together minimize the risk of developing emergency situations to all possible modes of interaction between the fuel components with each other and with the environment.

This goal is achieved in that the transborder carriage for transporting rocket and space technology products in the area of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, containing an electromechanical drive powered by trolls through a movable current collector, ensuring its movement along rails located inside the recess, for further movement relative to objects of the technical complex, a cargo area with an upper surface located at the level of the floor surface of the objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, equipped with automatic foam fire extinguishing with remote control and with elements protected from the effects of hazardous factors of explosion and fire and spilled propellant components in an emergency, containing foam generators located in the casing of the electromechanical drive, as well as recessed foam generators equipped with covers to protect against getting into the foam generators rocket fuel components that open upon a signal when starting a fire extinguishing installation, located below the upper surface of the cargo area on the perimeter of the zone in which the transported rocket and space vehicle product is located, while in the space under the cargo platform of the transborder carriage there are pallets for collecting spilled rocket fuel components with self-extinguishing components of combustible rocket fuel, the bottom zones of which are interconnected by pipelines equipped with a current collector having traps of non-combustible materials in the zone of contact with the trolls preventing the release of heated particles onto the cargo plane the adc of the transborder carriage and to the transported rocket and space technology product, sections of the transborder carriage cargo area in the area of the transported rocket and space equipment product placement have slopes towards the openings, from which pipelines connected to the collection platform of the spilled rocket fuel components go out, and the pallets are connected to the pipeline ending at the end of the transborder carriage with a shut-off valve and an element for connecting the pallets to the systems Islands of pallets spilled propellant components or discharge of the pallets propellants, quenched and diluted extinguishing agent and cleaning pallets and drain communications from propellant components.

The device transborder carts for transborder technical complex of the spaceport is illustrated by the following figures.

Figure 1 shows the placement of the transborder carriage in the transborder relative to the objects of the technical complex of the spaceport. Figure 2 shows the placement in the transborder carriage of elements that ensure its functioning with a conditionally removed cargo area. Figure 3 shows a view A (figure 2) of the transborder trolley from its end. Figure 4 shows a view of the cargo area of the transborder trolley with a PKT product placed on it located on the transport trolley. Figure 5 shows a diagram of a vertical section of the design of a self-extinguishing device placed inside the pallet.

This technical solution is based on the results of the study:

- the causes of fires and explosions with severe consequences at facilities where RCT products are tested and operated;

- fire and explosion hazard properties and extinguishing conditions of SRT;

- the process of self-extinguishing combustible KRT, the development of automatic foam fire extinguishing installations and devices for self-extinguishing combustible KRT;

- data on technologies for refueling RCT products with rocket fuel components.

Figure 1 shows the possible placement of the transborder 1 relative to the objects 6 of the technical complex of the spaceport. The transborder carriage 2 moves along the rails 3 of the transborder located in the recess (see Fig. 3), making a stop opposite the gates of the objects 6 of the technical complex for loading or unloading the goods of the RCT 5 through the platforms 4 for the next operation with the products.

Figure 2 shows the placement in the transborder carriage of elements that ensure its functioning with a conditionally removed cargo area. The transborder carriage moves along the rails 3 of the transborder on the wheels 7 using an electromechanical drive 8.

In the lower part of the space under the cargo platform of the transborder truck there are containers for storing fire extinguishing agents and control elements of the foam fire extinguishing system, which are located in a container 9, protected from the effects of explosion and fire and SRT, as well as from dust and water; pallets 10 for collecting spilled SRT containing self-extinguishing elements spilled combustible SRT and mesh 21 to prevent foreign objects from entering the pallets (see figure 3). The bottom zones of the pallets are interconnected by pipelines 11. The pallets are connected to the pipeline 12, ending at the end of the trolley with a shut-off valve 13 and an element for connecting 14 pallets with an emergency capacity for draining spilled SRT from the pallets diluted with a fire extinguishing agent and with a system for cleaning pallets and drain communications from components rocket fuels. Functional elements are fixed in the transborder carriage on the power frame 15.

Figure 3 shows a view A (see figure 2) of the transborder trolley - from its end in the direction of travel. The upper surface of the cargo area 17 is located at the level of the floor surface (zero mark) of the technical complex and apron objects 4. To combine the levels of the upper surface of the cargo area of the transborder carriage and the surface of the aprons, the transborder carriage moves in the recess between the aprons with respect to the gaps 16 between the lateral edges of the transborder cargo platform trolley 17 and the edges of the aprons 4, which provides unhindered passage of the transport trolley with the product of the RCT from the object of the technical comp Lexa through the platform to the cargo area of the transborder truck and back. Sections of the cargo area 17 of the transborder truck have slopes towards the drain holes 18, from which pipelines 19 are connected under the cargo platform of the truck, connected to pallets 10 for collecting spilled and / or diluted CMT fire extinguishing agent. The pallets contain self-extinguishing elements spilled combustible KRT 20 and mesh 21.

Figure 4 shows a top view of the cargo area of the transborder carriage with a PKT 5 product placed on it located on the transport carriage 22. Transport carriages can be moved from the platforms to the cargo platform of the transborder carriage either on a rubber track or on rails 23. When the rail heads should be located at the level of the floor surface of the objects of the technical complex and at the level of the upper surface of the cargo area 17 of the transborder carriage, and the cross sections of these rail tracks when stopping nsbordernoy truck in front of the designated technical complex Baikonur facility and must be the same.

In the cargo area of the transborder carriage below its upper surface, in-depth foam generators 24 are mounted, located below the level of the cargo platform of the transborder carriage, connected by pipelines to the supply system of the extinguishing agent, the elements of which are in the container 9 (see figure 2). Recessed foam generators 24 in standby mode of the fire extinguishing installation are closed with covers 25 to protect against getting into the SRT foam generators. The covers should open upon a signal when starting a fire extinguishing installation using an electromagnetic mechanism or spontaneously under the pressure of a fire extinguishing agent.

A vertical cross-sectional diagram of the structure of a self-extinguishing device that should be inside the pallet is shown in FIG. 5. As a self-extinguishing device, the SRT spilled during emergency situations when they enter the pallets 10 through the holes 18 and the pipe 19 (see Fig. 3), the most acceptable is the use of a cellular structure made up of vertical channels, which should occupy the entire volume to minimize the size of the pallet structure tray (USSR Author's Certificate No. 787046 “Device for extinguishing burning liquids.” Authors: Bolodyan IA, Dolgov EI, Kalinkin VI, Melikhov AS and others. Priority of the invention from 12.01.79; USSR copyright certificate 1463317 "Device for extinguishing and preventing fires of flammable liquids" Authors:. Potyakin VI, VV Dobrikov, Melikhov AS priority from 03.26.87 invention).

In this self-extinguishing device for flammable liquids, the principle of suppressing natural convection in a vertical channel by setting its height not filled with liquid, not exceeding the critical value H _lim determined experimentally, is used to exclude liquid burning when it enters the pallet. If the assembly of the vertical channels, which is located in the volume of the pallet, ensures that the upper part of the vertical channels is not filled at a height equal to H _lim or more, determined during the design process of the device for the maximum possible amount of flammable liquid that can exit the RCT product in an emergency, including diluted extinguishing agent, the possibility of burning liquid in all vertical channels will be completely excluded. This is due to the removal of the flame from the surface of the liquid, and therefore, due to the violation of heat transfer between the flame and the liquid. Thus, the self-extinguishing conditions of a burning liquid spilled by a self-extinguishing device with vertical channels are achieved.

In the pallet 10 is an assembly of vertical channels 26 formed by stainless steel sheet walls 27. On top of the assembly is a mesh 28 to prevent foreign objects from entering the pan. The volume of the pallet is chosen so that, with the maximum planned amount of flammable liquid that can leak from the RCT product during an accident, its level 29 could not rise above the critical mark located at a distance H _lim from the upper edge of the cellular structure. The walls of each cell of the structure must have openings 30 for leveling the liquid level over the area of the pan when it enters the pan through the pipeline 19 during an emergency spill.

The pallets are interconnected by pipelines 11 for simultaneous discharge from the trays of SRT or SRT diluted with a fire extinguishing agent after spilling or after extinguishing. The drain from the trays of SRT and SRT components diluted with a fire extinguishing agent after extinguishing is carried out through the pipe 12.

Mandatory for the self-extinguishing device is the execution of vertical channels with a cross section having an axisymmetric shape (for example, an equilateral triangle, square, hexagon, circle, etc.). The wall thickness 27 of the vertical channels can be any minimum possible, determined on the basis of the required structural strength. The calculations showed that to ensure the minimum metal consumption of the self-extinguishing device and the optimal value of H _{lim, the} equivalent diameter of one channel, determined from the relation d _eq = 4F _can / P _can , where F _can is the channel cross-sectional area, P _can is the channel cross-section perimeter 30-40 mm.

Experimental studies have shown that for most flammable liquids the value of H _lim does not exceed 3d _eq , that is, when d _eq = 30 mm · H _lim = 90 mm; at d _eq = 40 mm · H _lim = 120 mm.

The total area of the drain holes in the cargo area 17 of the transborder truck should be determined taking into account the provisions of Appendix G of GOST (GOST R 12.3.047-98. "Fire safety of technological processes. General requirements. Control methods").

General requirements for the installation of automatic foam fire extinguishing for a transborder truck are described in the documents (Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008 No. 123-ФЗ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”; Code of Practice SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire Protection Systems. Fire Prevention Systems automatic signaling and fire extinguishing. Standards and design rules ". M: 2009).

The automatic foam fire extinguishing installation is designed to be activated in an emergency when transporting the product of the RCT through a transborder for:

- extinguishing the tanning surface of the cargo area of the transborder carriage and on the transported product, which occurred during the spill of the RCT from the transported product in an emergency, combustible components of rocket fuel;

- extinguishing the fire that occurred during an emergency in the casing of the electromechanical drive 8;

- flushing of SRT, spilled in an emergency, from the surface of the cargo area of the transborder truck and from the transported product of the RCT;

- dilution of rocket fuel components spilled during an emergency from the transported product of the RCT to a fire and explosion safe state.

An analysis of specific fires and explosions that occurred at RCT facilities showed that one of the main reasons for the development of fires to catastrophic proportions with great material damage and often with human casualties was the destruction of elements of the fire protection facilities under primary explosions and flames at the initial stage of fire development Rkt. Extinguishing media turned out to be inactive. The fire developed freely until the arrival of units of fire units with the appropriate equipment. Such destruction of the elements of fire protection equipment often led to dire consequences due to the rapid burning of combustible MCT, cables and other structures when oxidizer vapors were released into the atmosphere.

In the analogues and prototype of the present invention, this issue is not considered and not solved, which makes fire and explosion safe the process of moving critical products, for example, RCT products across the territory of the technical complex of the cosmodrome.

The introduction of technical solutions for protection against destruction under the influence of primary explosions and flames at the initial stage of the development of a fire of elements of fire protection equipment is one of the essential distinguishing features of the present invention.

To protect against hazardous factors of explosion and fire, the elements of the supply of an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, foam generators, must be located in a container of durable, non-combustible in the atmosphere materials enriched with oxidative MCT. Most CMTs are reactive, aggressive towards plastics, and their contact with elements of the transborder carriage systems can lead to destruction of the latter.

In view of the foregoing, the container body and pipelines for supplying an aqueous solution of the foaming agent to the foam generators should be made of stainless steel or copper alloys. They must withstand an overpressure of an explosion of at least 30 kPa.

According to experimental data for extinguishing in the surrounding atmosphere enriched with oxidative CMT, the irrigation intensity of the protected area of the transborder carriage with foam should be at least 0.9 l / (s · m ² ). It is preferable to extinguish the use of medium-frequency foam.

To irrigate the protected area of the transborder carriage, medium-sized foam generators should be used, for example, GPS-100 type (TU U 29.2-31916216-015.2005. Foaming agent selection: GOST R 50588-93 “Foaming agents for fighting fires. General technical requirements and test methods), for which provides control of the range of the foam, for example, by changing the pressure of the supplied solution of the foaming agent.

Foam generators should be located in the casing of the electromechanical drive, as well as around the perimeter of the zone in which the transported product is placed. In this area, in-depth foam generators should be used, located below the upper surface of the cargo area of the transborder carriage for unhindered passage of the transport carriage with the transported RCT product along the cargo area of the transborder carriage.

In accordance with the requirements of the document (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-ФЗ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”), the degree of protection of the container from solid objects and from water penetration should not be lower than IP64. Considering that the viscosity of an aqueous foaming agent solution is higher than that of water, this requirement applies to the case of spraying a container with a foaming solution.

Detection means by the installation of automatic foam fire extinguishing fires should be selected in accordance with the requirements of the document (Code of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems. Norms and design rules”. M., 2009). The means of detection should be equipped with an electromechanical drive of the transborder truck and the area in which the transported product is placed on the transport truck.

Electricity can be supplied to the electromechanical drive of the transborder carriage through a movable current collector, mounted on the cargo platform of the transborder carriage, from trolls laid along the overpass laid on the walls of the facilities of the technical complex adjacent to the transborder. The flyover is located along the entire length of the transborder. The device of the current collector section in contact with the trolleys should prevent the release of heated particles (sparks) generated during friction of the current collector elements with trolleys and with overpass elements.

This technical solution has the prospect of being applied in the practice of ensuring fire safety of modernized and newly constructed cosmodromes, including the Vostochny cosmodrome (Found from the Internet: Material from the free Wikipedia encyclopedia (W Wikipedia) http://viasatfan.clan.su/forum / 28-1246-1. Russia in the Far East will build a new Vostochny spaceport. 08/11/2011).

Claims (1)

A transborder carriage for a transborder of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, containing an electromechanical drive powered by trolls through a movable current collector, providing movement of the transborder carriage along rails located inside the recess for moving the transborder carriage relative to objects of the technical complex; a cargo area with a top surface located at the level of the floor surface of the objects of the technical complex of the cosmodrome, characterized in that the transborder truck is equipped with an automatic foam fire extinguishing system with remote control and with elements protected from the effects of hazardous factors of explosion and fire and the effects of missile components spilled during an emergency fuel containing foam generators located in the casing of the electromechanical drive, as well as in-depth foam generators, are equipped with e caps to protect rocket fuel components from getting into the foam generators, opening upon a signal when the fire extinguishing installation is started, located below the upper surface of the cargo area of the transborder carriage, around the perimeter of the zone in which the transported product of rocket and space technology is located, while in the space under the cargo platform transborder truck placed pallets for collecting spilled components of rocket fuel with elements of self-extinguishing combustible components of rocket fuel, bottom which are interconnected by pipelines, equipped with a current collector, which in the zone of contact with the trolls have traps of non-combustible materials that prevent the release of heated particles to the cargo area of the transborder carriage and to the transported product of rocket and space technology, sections of the cargo platform of the transborder carriage in the area of placement of the transported product -Space equipment have slopes towards the openings, from which pipelines connected to the pallets and spilled propellant components, and pallets are connected to the pipeline ending at the end of the transborder carriage with a shut-off valve and an element for connecting pallets to drain systems of spilled propellant components from pallets or to drain propellant components from pallets diluted and extinguished by extinguishing agent, and to clean the pallets and drain communications from rocket fuel components.

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