RU2531315C2 - Nano-structured water-phosphorite suspension as phosphorus fertiliser for corn - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension, which consists of nanoparticles with the size less than 100 nm and which is obtained from natural phosphorites as a phosphorus fertiliser for corn.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create the phosphorus fertiliser for corn, based on natural phosphorites, with considerably smaller consumption per a unit of the sown area with the preservation of high yield of the said culture.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of creating inorganic fertilizers and biologically active substances and can be used in agriculture to increase the yield of a number of forage crops, in particular corn.

As phosphate fertilizer for various crops, in particular for corn, phosphorite flour is known, which is introduced into the soil before sowing in combination with phosphogypsum and ammonia water [1]. The disadvantage of this substance in the indicated quality is its relatively high consumption per unit area of forage crops.

Also known is phosphorite flour as phosphate fertilizer for various crops, in particular for corn by applying it to the soil before sowing in the amount necessary to obtain a programmed high yield of this crop [2]. The disadvantage of this substance, which in composition and achieved technical effect is the closest to the claimed by us object and selected by us as a prototype, is also its relatively large consumption per unit area of forage crops.

The purpose of the present invention is the creation of phosphorus fertilizer for corn based on natural phosphorites with significantly lower (not less than three times) consumption per unit of sown area while maintaining the previous programmed high yield of this crop.

The declared goal is achieved by using as a phosphoric fertilizer a nanostructured aqueous phosphorite suspension consisting of nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm, obtained from natural phosphorites by grinding, mixing with water and subsequent ultrasonic dispersion. As a result of using such a substance as phosphorus fertilizer, there is a sharp (8-10 times) reduction in the consumption of phosphorites per unit of sown area compared to their consumption using the prototype substance [2] while maintaining the same yield.

To date, no one has described in the literature a nanostructured water-phosphate suspension, consisting of nanoparticles less than 100 nm in size, as phosphorus fertilizer for any crops. This circumstance gives us reason to argue that the claimed object meets the first criteria of the invention established by the patent legislation of the Russian Federation - novelty. A comparison of the known features of the prototype substance [2] and the distinguishing features characterizing the claimed object (namely, the suspension of phosphorite with water and crushing of its particles to a nanoscale level by ultrasonic dispersion) do not allow a priori to predict the appearance of new ones in comparison with the prototype substance properties, namely the above significant reduction in the consumption of phosphate rock while maintaining the same level of yield of corn. This fact allows us to conclude that the object claimed by us explicitly does not follow from the level well-known in the industry and therefore corresponds to the second criterion feature of the invention established by the legislation of the Russian Federation - the inventive step. The phosphoric fertilizer we offer, a nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension, can be obtained quite easily both on a small and large tonnage scale; consequently, the object claimed by us is inherent in the third criterion feature of the invention established by the legislation of the Russian Federation - industrial applicability.

The nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension of the invention, consisting of nanoparticles less than 100 nm in size, as phosphorus fertilizer can be demonstrated in the following examples.

Example 1 (preparation of nanostructured water-phosphate suspension)

Phosphorite flour obtained from natural phosphorites of the Syundyukovsky deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan is mixed with distilled or deionized (desalted) water at the rate of 20 g of flour per 100 ml of water. This mixture is then sonicated in an ultrasonic disperser UZU-0.25 with a power of 80 W at a frequency of 18.5 kHz with an oscillation amplitude of an ultrasonic waveguide of 5 μm for (5-20) minutes at room temperature, resulting in a suspension with phosphorite particle sizes (5 -95) nm. The aqueous phosphate suspension thus obtained is then used as intended as a phosphorus fertilizer for corn.

Example 2

A nanostructured water-phosphate suspension is prepared according to the technology described in example 1 with an exposure time of the water-phosphate mixture in an ultrasonic disperser for 5 minutes, after which it is uniformly dispersed over the entire sown area for Zea mays L. maize at a rate of 100 kg per 1 ha and smell in soil along with the seeds of a given crop using cultivators. The crop of this crop (at the rate of 50,000 plants per 1 ha) is cultivated in the traditional way until the green mass is formed within 3 months from the moment of sowing, after which the crop is taken and the yield level of the green mass of corn as a whole and for individual parts of the plants is determined (ears, stems , leaves) in c / ha. The yield data for this case are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

It is carried out according to the general scheme of Example 2, but the exposure time of the water-phosphate mixture in the ultrasonic disperser is set to 10 minutes. The yield data for this case are presented in Table 1.

Example 4

Conducted according to the technology described in example 2, but the exposure time of the water-phosphate mixture in the ultrasonic disperser is set to 20 minutes. The yield data for this case are shown in Table 1.

Example 5 (comparative)

Perform, as in example 2, but the exposure time of the water-phosphate mixture in the ultrasonic disperser is set equal to 1 min. The yield data for green mass of corn for this case, see Table 1.

Example 6 (comparative)

Perform, as in example 2, but the exposure time of the water-phosphate mixture in the ultrasonic disperser is set equal to 30 minutes The yield data for green mass of corn for this case, see Table 1.

Example 7

Perform according to the technology described in example 4, but the nanostructured water-phosphate suspension is applied to the soil at a rate of 300 kg / ha. The yield data for this case are shown in Table 1.

Example 8

Perform according to the technology described in example 4, but the nanostructured water-phosphate suspension is applied to the soil at the rate of 500 kg / ha. The yield data for this case are shown in Table 1.

Example 9

Perform according to the technology described in example 4, but the nanostructured water-phosphate suspension is applied to the soil at the rate of 800 kg / ha. The yield data for this case are shown in Table 1.

Example 10

Perform according to the technology described in example 4, but the nanostructured water-phosphate suspension is applied to the soil at the rate of 1000 kg / ha. The yield data for this case are presented in Table 1.

Example 11 (prototype [2])

Phosphorite flour obtained from natural phosphorites of the Syundyukovsky deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan is mixed with urea and phosphogypsum at the rate of 75 g and 120 g per 100 g of flour. Then this mixture in powder form is uniformly dispersed over the entire sown area for Zea mays L. maize at the rate of 1000 kg of phosphate rock per 1 ha, after which they are plowed into the soil with the seeds of this culture using cultivators. The crop of this crop is cultivated in the traditional way until the green mass is formed within 3 months from the moment of sowing, after which the crop is taken and the yield level of the green mass as a whole and by individual parts of the plants (ears, stems, leaves) in kg / ha is determined. Yield data for this case are also presented in Table 1.

Example 12 (prototype [2])

Perform according to the General technological scheme of example 11, but the mixture indicated therein is introduced into the soil in the amount of 100 kg of phosphate rock per 1 ha. Yield data for this case are also shown in Table 1.

Example 13 (comparative, prototype [2])

Perform according to the General technological scheme of example 11, but urea and phosphogypsum are not introduced into the soil. Green corn yield data for this case is shown in Table 1.

Example 14 (comparative, prototype [2])

Perform according to the General technological scheme of example 11, but urea and phosphogypsum are not introduced into the soil, and phosphorite flour is introduced in an amount of 800 kg / ha. The yield data for this case is in Table 1.

Example 15 (comparative, the prototype [2])

Perform according to the General technological scheme of example 11, but urea and phosphogypsum are not introduced into the soil, and phosphorite flour is introduced in an amount of 500 kg / ha. The yield data for this case is in Table 1.

Example 16 (comparative, the prototype [2])

Perform according to the General technological scheme of example 11, but urea and phosphogypsum are not introduced into the soil, and phosphorite flour is introduced in an amount of 100 kg / ha. The yield data for the green mass of corn for this case also see in Table 1.

Table 1 Example No. The amount applied to the soil The yield of green mass of corn, kg / ha phosphorus fertilizer, kg / ha cobs stalks leaves Total 2 one hundred 20.8 31.9 27.1 79.8 3 one hundred 20.7 32.0 27.4 80.1 four one hundred 21.0 32.2 27.4 80.6 5 (compare) one hundred 17.5 27.2 24.6 69.3 6 (compare) one hundred 21.0 32.0 27.3 80.3 7 300 22.7 32.2 30.5 85.4 8 500 23.3 35.3 32.8 91.4 9 800 24.8 37.4 37.1 99.3 10 1000 26.2 37.8 36.6 100.6 11 (prototype) 1000 20.4 31.7 27.9 80.0 12 (prototype) one hundred 13.8 17.0 10.2 41.0 13 (compare., Prototype) 1000 19.3 26.5 23.3 69.1 14 (compare., According to the prototype) 800 18.5 25.5 23.7 67.7 15 (compare., Prototype) 500 18.3 24.0 23.1 65.4 16 (compare., Prototype) one hundred 12.5 16.0 9.5 38.0

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the nanostructured water-phosphorite suspension we declare as a phosphoric fertilizer ensures the achievement of almost the same yield of green mass of Zea mays L. maize as compared to phosphorite flour [2] while reducing the fertilizer consumption per unit of sown area 10 times (see examples 2-4 and 11). In this regard, we note that similar data were obtained by us on other varieties of corn. At the same time, which is very important, the use of the facility we are proposing is also accompanied by a significant improvement in working conditions, since the introduction of water-phosphate suspension into the soil, unlike the introduction of phosphate rock into it, does not require special respiratory protection of the respiratory organs from fine solid phosphorite microparticles.

LITERATURE

1. RF patent No. 2.185.716 (2000).

2. RF patent No. 2.097.366 (1997) (prototype).

Claims (1)

Nanostructured water-phosphate suspension, consisting of nanoparticles less than 100 nm in size and obtained from natural phosphorites, as a phosphorus fertilizer for corn.