RU2529352C1 - Acoustic structure of workshop - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: acoustic structure of workshop comprises a workshop frame, bearing walls, a floor, a ceiling, window and door openings, elements of noise suppression. Piece acoustic absorbers are made as crank. Sound absorbers consist of a rigid frame, suspended by hooks on ropes to the building ceiling with a sound absorbing material placed inside the frame and wrapped with a mesh fosta nylon fabric. An expanded steel sheet is fixed to the frame. The frame is made in the form as a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of ribs d×h×b, the ratio of which is in the optimal interval of values d:h:b=2:1:0.5, or a cube with a rib dimension of k×L, where min L=100 mm; k - coefficient of proportionality within 1-10 with a pitch of 2, besides, optimal ratios of dimensions must be observed in all suspension schemes: m - from the point of frame suspension on the guide to the ceiling, c - distance between axes of adjacent frames. The ratio of these dimensions must be in the optimal interval of values: m:c 1:1…0.5:1.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of noise suppression.

3 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to industrial acoustics, in particular to broadband sound attenuation, and can be used in all sectors of the economy as a means of protection against noise.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is the acoustic design of the workshop according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2480561, class. F01N 1/04 [prototype], comprising a frame on the ceiling of a building, walls with sound-absorbing cladding, a floor on an elastic foundation, piece sound absorbers.

The disadvantage of the technical solution adopted as a prototype is the relatively low noise reduction due to the relatively low coefficient of vibration damping of the floor and sound absorption coefficient of sound-absorbing cladding, as well as piece sound absorbers.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of sound attenuation.

This is achieved by the fact that in the acoustic structure of the workshop, containing the workshop framework, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and installed above noisy equipment, the floor is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration-damping material, which is installed on the base plate of the interfloor overlapping cavities through layers of vibration-damping material and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, the cavities of the base plate being filled with vibration-damping material, for example, foamed polymer, and a suspended ceiling and rocker absorbers are also used.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the acoustic structure of the workshop, figure 2 - the floor structure on an elastic base, figure 3 - the design of the suspended ceiling, figure 4 - element muffler, figure 5 - the design of the wall sound-absorbing panel installed on the ceiling, Fig.6 is a design of rocker sound absorbers, Fig.7 is a graph of the sound absorption efficiency of the applied panels.

The acoustic structure of the workshop (Fig. 1) comprises a workshop framework (not shown), window 9 and door 10 openings, bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6: floor 6 and suspended ceiling 5 (Fig. 3), moreover, the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures (Figs. 5 and 6), and piece sound absorbers 7 and 8 (Fig. 4) contain a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and they are installed above the noisy equipment 11.

The floor structure on an elastic base (Fig. 2) contains a mounting plate 12 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate 15 of the floor with cavities 16 through layers of vibration damping material 14 and waterproofing material 13 with a gap 17 relative to the bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 production facilities. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 12 in all directions, the layers of the vibration damping material 14 and the waterproofing material 13 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 1, 2, 3, 4 and the base supporting plate 15 of the floor. To increase the efficiency of sound insulation and sound absorption in workshops located under the floor, the cavities 16 are filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, for example polyethylene or polypropylene, and walls 1, 2, 3, 4 are lined with sound-absorbing structures. As sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, slabs made of rockwool basalt-based mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass-wool lining are used, and the sound-absorbing element is acoustically lined over its entire surface transparent material (not shown), for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

The ceiling 5 is made of acoustic suspended (figure 3) and consists of a rigid frame 18, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the dimensions of the parties in the plan a × b, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values a: b = 1: 1 ... 2: 1, suspended from the ceiling of an industrial building by means of suspensions 21 fixed to a rod 19, rigidly connected by brackets 20 to the frame 18. The frame is fixed to the ceiling by means of dowels (not shown). A perforated sheet 24 is attached to the frame, on which a layer of sound-absorbing material 22 is located through the layer of transparent acoustic material 23, and fixtures 26 are installed in the frame. When installing an acoustic ceiling, the optimum size ratios must be observed: d - from the point of suspension of the frame to any of its sides , c - the thickness of the layer of sound-absorbing material, and the ratio of these sizes should be in the optimal range of values: c: d = 0.1 ... 0.5. Perforated sheet 24 has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter 25 - 3 ÷ 7 mm, perforation percentage 10% ÷ 15%, and the shape of the hole can be made in the form of holes of a round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond-shaped profile (shown in the drawing holes). In the case of non-circular holes, the maximum diameter of a circle inscribed in a polygon should be considered as a conditional diameter.

The piece silencer element (Fig. 4) consists of a body 27 with a hinged cover 30 filled with sound-absorbing material 28 placed in a protective shell 29. The walls of the body 27 of each piece sound absorber are formed by a sound-absorbing structure (not shown) made in the form of cylindrical perforated coaxial shells : external and internal, between which there is a sound absorber made of at least one profiled porous sheet, and the profile of the sheet in cross section may be triangular, directly golnym, trapezoidal, circular arcs, a sinusoidal. The perforated coaxial shell of the case may also have a triangle, polyhedron, ellipse, and any combination of these shapes in cross section. As sound-absorbing material, slabs made of rockwool basalt type mineral wool or URSA type mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass wool lined with glass wool or foamed polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, are used as sound-absorbing material. the element is lined with an acoustically transparent material (not shown) over its entire surface, for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer like Poviden.

As the sound-absorbing material of the sound-absorbing material, a porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermet, or metal foam, or in the form of compressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, such as elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim”, can also be used. ", And the size of the crumbs fractions lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm (not shown). As a sound-absorbing material, a rigid porous material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermet, or a shell rock with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%, can also be used. As a sound-absorbing material, a material in the form of crumbs of solid vibration-damping materials, for example, elastomer, or polyurethane, or plastic compound can be used, and the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3–2.5 mm (not shown).

To reduce or correct the reverberation time of premises, sound-absorbing materials and structures (sound absorbers) are used in its decoration.

Porous sound absorbers are made in the form of plates that are attached to the enclosing surfaces directly or on the basis of light and porous mineral piece materials - pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slags, etc. with cement or other binder. Such materials are strong enough and can be used to reduce noise in corridors, foyers, staircases of public and industrial buildings.

Material, object 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Unpainted concrete 0.01 0.012 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.035 Painted concrete 0.009 0.011 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.018 Marble 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.017 Brick unpainted 0.024 0.025 0.031 0.042 0.049 0.07 Painted brick 0.012 0.013 0.017 0.02 0.023 0.025 Gypsum plaster 0.02 0.026 0.04 0.062 0.058 0.028 Lime plaster 0.024 0.046 0.06 0.085 0.043 0.056 Wood-fiber boards (MDF), 12 mm 0.22 0.3 0.34 0.32 0.41 0.42 Gypsum panel 10 mm to 100 mm from the wall 0.41 0.28 0.15 0.06 0.05 0.02 Parquet floor 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 Boardwalk Floor 0.2 0.15 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.07 Metlakh tile 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 Glazed Window Bindings 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.12 0.07 0.04 Lacquered Doors 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 Wool carpet 9 mm thick for concrete 0.02 0.08 0.21 0.26 0.27 0.37

The raw materials for their production are wood fibers, mineral wool, glass wool, synthetic fibers. The surface of the fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous paints that allow air to pass through (for example, Acutex T), or covered with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil.

Currently, fibrous sound absorbers are the most common in construction practice. They not only proved to be the most effective from an acoustic point of view in a wide frequency range, but also meet the increased requirements for room design.

In fibrous absorbers, the dissipation of the energy of air vibrations and its transformation into heat occurs at several physical levels. Firstly, due to the viscosity of the air, and there is a lot of it in the interfiber space, the oscillation of air particles inside the absorber leads to friction. In addition, there is air friction on the fibers, the surface of which is also large. Thirdly, the fibers rub against each other and, finally, energy dissipation occurs due to the friction of the crystals of the fibers themselves. This explains that at medium and high frequencies the sound absorption coefficient of fibrous materials is in the range of 0.4 ... 1.0. The sound absorption coefficient α is equal to the ratio of the energy of the air vibration not reflected (absorbed inside and passed through) from the surface to the total energy acting on the surface. Sound absorption coefficients for most building materials are listed in the table.

Figure 5 presents the design of the wall sound-absorbing panel mounted on the ceiling, which consists of: 31 - sound-absorbing plate of the Schumanet-ECO type, 50 mm thick; 32 - sheet gypsum fiber, 12.5 mm thick; 33 - gypsum plasterboard, 12.5 mm thick; 34 - profile type Vibronet PN 100/40; 35 - gasket type Vibrostek-M in 2 layers; 36 - sealant type Vibrosil.

Sound-absorbing plate like Schumanet-ECO or SHUMANET-BM

Sound absorbing mineral wool board. SHUMANET-BM slabs are used as an effective middle layer in the design of soundproofing frame partitions or claddings of sheets GKL / GVL, chipboard, plywood, as well as in systems of acoustic perforated screens or suspended ceilings. Composition: hydrophobized mineral wool slab based on basalt rocks. Dimensions: plate length: 1000 mm; plate width: 600 mm; plate thickness: 50 mm. Physical characteristics: bulk density: 40 kg / m ³ . The number of plates in the package: 4 pcs. Amount of packaging: 2.4 m ² . Package volume: 0.12 m ³ . Package weight: 5.5 kg.

Vibrostek-M is a tape packed from a soundproof fiberglass packed in a roll. Structural noise isolation is ensured by the elastic properties of the porous-fibrous structure of the material. This determines the stable physical and mechanical characteristics of the gasket under static and dynamic loads, as well as the preservation of the declared acoustic properties over a long service life. It is used as a cushioning material in building structures for the installation of a panel system, frame soundproofing partitions and cladding, as well as wooden floors and ceilings. Composition: multilayer soundproof fiberglass LB300, based on fiberglass type “C”. Vibroacoustic characteristics: dynamic modulus of elasticity Unit: 0.18 MPa at a load of 2 kPa, 0.35 MPa at a load of 5 kPa. Relative compression ratio Unit: 0.25 at a load of 2 kPa, 0.35 at a load of 5 kPa.

Acoustic Test Results frequency Hz one hundred 125 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 SHUMANET-BM plates without rel 0.14 0.26 0.40 0.56 0.67 0.82 1.00 1.00 1.00 SHUMANET-BM plates with a ratio of 50 mm from a hard surface 0.45 0.54 0.69 0.76 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.00 1.00 frequency Hz 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 SHUMANET-BM plates without rel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.93 0.90 0.90 SHUMANET-BM plates with a ratio of 50 mm from a hard surface 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.80

When installing the sound-absorbing structure of the load-bearing walls, the VIBROSTEK-M tape gasket is used, which is laid in two layers at the places of their support on the floor (not shown), as well as at the places where the panels come into contact with the side walls and the ceiling, and also use a Vibrosil type sealant, VIBROFLEX type shock absorbing device (not shown) is used as vibration-isolating wall fasteners, and wall fastenings made of microporous polyurethane elastomer of the EP type (not used) are used for mounting to vertical enclosing structures shown).

When installing the sound-absorbing structure of load-bearing walls, the VIBROSTEK-M tape laying is laid in two layers at the places of their support on the floor, as well as at the places where the panels come in contact with the side walls and the ceiling. When mounting frame partitions and claddings, the VIBROSTEK-M material is used between the frame profiles (fasteners) and the supporting building structures. VIBROSTEK-M material tapes are also used in the places where the cladding sheets of the partition (cladding) are adjacent to other building structures.

Vibrosil type sealant: VIBROSIL one-component vibration-isolating silicone sealant is intended for sealing joints and joints in special soundproof structures. Sealant provides high vibration isolation of joints between building structures. Reduces the spread of structural noise over them and, thereby, increases their own sound insulation. It is used to fill joints in the construction of soundproof (floating) floors, panel systems, frame soundproofing partitions and claddings. Composition: sealant is made on the basis of silicone resins and silicon-containing modifying additives.

Vibro-insulating wall mounts VIBROFLEX is a shock-absorbing device for solving problems of reducing noise and transmitting vibrations in rooms of any type and purpose. For mounting to vertical enclosing structures, wall versions of EP type fasteners have been developed. Composition: the design is based on the unique Sylomer material - it is a microporous polyurethane elastomer specially developed for solving problems of sound and vibration isolation.

The composite rocker sound absorber (Fig. 6) consists of at least two parts of a rigid frame, pulled together by clamps and suspended by hooks on guides (not shown) or directly attached to the ceiling of a production building. Inside the frame is a sound-absorbing material wrapped in a mesh nylon fabric or fiberglass. In some cases, expanded metal sheet (not shown) may be attached to the frame over the glass fabric 3. The frame can be made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of edges d × h × b, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values d: h: b = 2: 1: 0.5, or a cube (not shown) with the size of the edge k × L, where min L = 100 mm; k is the coefficient of proportionality, lying in the range from 1 to 10 in steps of 2. Inside the wings, cavities not filled with sound-absorbing material can be made. For all suspension schemes, the optimum size ratios must be observed: m - from the point of suspension of the frame on the guide to the ceiling, c - the distance between the axes of adjacent frames, and the ratio of these sizes should be in the optimal range of values: m: c = 1: 1 ... 0, 5: 1. The filling is carried out with a sound-absorbing non-combustible material (for example, vinipore, fiberglass) with a protective layer of fiberglass, preventing the sound absorber from falling out.

The acoustic design of the workshop is as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment 11 located in the room falls on the layers of sound-absorbing material of sound-absorbing structures, which are lined with load-bearing walls 1, 2, 3, 4 with fences 5, 6 (floor 6 and ceiling 5), as well as piece sound absorbers 7 and 8, containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located, and which are installed above noisy equipment 11. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where and energies occur due to friction oscillating with the frequency of excitation of the mass of air located in the neck of the resonator against the walls of the neck itself, having the form of a branched network of pores of a sound absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the eruption of a soft sound absorber, a fiberglass fabric, for example, type EZ-100, is located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall.

Suspension of the suspended acoustic ceiling is carried out on the suspensions 21, which are attached to the ceiling using dowels, and the other end is fixed to the frame 18 through the rod 19 and the brackets 20.

Rocker sound absorber works as follows.

Sound waves propagating in the production room interact with cavities filled with sound absorber. Sound absorption at low and medium frequencies occurs due to the acoustic effect constructed on the principle of Helmholtz resonators formed by cavities. Different volumes of resonant cavities serve to suppress sound vibrations in the required sound frequency range, as a rule, large volumes to suppress noise in the low-frequency range, and small ones in the medium and high frequencies.

The interaction of sound waves with active cavities filled with a non-combustible sound absorber leads to sound attenuation in the high-frequency range, and due to the presence of cavities, the sound absorption surface increases and, as a result, the sound absorption coefficient increases.

When installing vibroactive equipment on the plate 12, two-stage vibration protection occurs, due to vibration damping inclusions in the mass of the plate 12, as well as due to the layer of vibration damping material 14, which can be used as: needle-punched mats of the type “Vibrosil” based on silica or aluminosilicate fiber, material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example plastic compound, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ .

Claims (3)

1. The acoustic structure of the workshop, comprising the workshop framework, bearing walls with fences in the form of floor and ceiling, which are lined with sound-absorbing structures, window and door openings, as well as piece sound absorbers containing a frame in which sound-absorbing material is located and installed above noisy equipment, the floor is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate of the floor with through the layers of vibration-damping material and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, and piece sound absorbers are made in the form of an element of a silencer, consisting of a body with a hinged lid filled with sound-absorbing material placed in a protective shell, while the walls of the body are formed by a sound-absorbing structure, made in the form of cylindrical perforated coaxial shells - external and internal, between which there is a sound absorber made of at least one profiled porous sheet, wherein the sectional profile of the sheet can be triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal in the form of circular arcs, sinusoidal, and basaltic mineral wool or mineral wool slabs are used as sound-absorbing material, or basalt cotton wool, or glass wool, and the sound-absorbing element is lined with acoustically transparent material over its entire surface, for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or a polymer of the “visible” type, and in As the sound-absorbing material of the sound-absorbing material of the sound-absorbing structure of the body, a porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermet, or metal foam, or material in the form of pressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, such as elastomer, polyurethane, is used, and the ceiling is made of an acoustic suspension, consisting of a rigid frame the ceiling of a production building with a sound-absorbing structure made of sound-absorbing material located inside the frame a, wrapped in an acoustically transparent material, with a perforated sheet attached to the frame, and the frame made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with side dimensions in the plan a × b, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values a: b = 1: 1 ... 2: 1 , as well as optimal aspect ratios c: d = 0.1 ... 0.5, where d is the distance from the suspension point of the frame to any of its sides; c is the thickness of the layer of sound-absorbing material, while the frame elements are fastened together by brackets rigidly connected to the bar, to which the suspensions are attached, and the perforated sheet has the following perforation parameters: perforation diameter - 3 ... 7 mm, perforation percentage 10% ... 15% moreover, fixtures are installed in the frame, characterized in that the piece sound absorbers are made of rocker arms, each of which consists of a rigid frame suspended by hooks on cables to the ceiling of the building with sound absorbing located inside the frame a mesh material wrapped in a mesh nylon fabric, and an expanded metal sheet is attached to the frame, and the frame is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of d × h × b ribs, the ratio of which lies in the optimal range of values of d: h: b = 2 : 1: 0.5, or cube with rib size k × L, where min L = 100 mm; k is a proportionality coefficient ranging from 1 to 10 in increments of 2, and for all suspension schemes, the optimal size ratios must be observed: m - from the point of suspension of the frame on the guide to the ceiling, c - the distance between the axes of adjacent frames, and the ratio of these sizes should be in the optimal range of values: m: c = 1: 1 ... 0.5: 1. 2. The acoustic design of the workshop according to claim 1. characterized in that as the sound-absorbing structure of the bearing walls, the structure of the wall sound-absorbing panel mounted on the ceiling, which consists of a sound-absorbing plate of the Schumanet-ECO type, 50 mm thick, is used; gypsum fiber sheet, 12.5 mm thick; gypsum plasterboard sheet, 12.5 mm thick; profile type Vibronet PN 100/40; gaskets like Vibrostek-M in 2 layers; Vibrosil type sealant. 3. The acoustic design of the workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing the sound-absorbing structure of the load-bearing walls, a VIBROSTEK-M strip gasket is used, which is laid in two layers at the places of their support on the floor, as well as at the places where the panels come in contact with the side walls and ceiling and they also use Vibrosil type sealant, and VIBROFLEX type shock absorbing devices are used as vibration-isolating wall mounts, and microporous poly wall mounts are used for mounting to vertical enclosing structures urethane elastomer type EP.

Images