RU2528941C2 - Method of producing metal titanium and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of metal titanium. This method comprises formation of initial stock composed of water suspension containing titanium compounds produced by introduction of titanium particles into preset water volume. Said initial stock is displaced through serial processing zones. Then said initial stock is transferred via consecutive processing zones wherein metal is reduced with the help of carbon contained in offgas fed to said working zones and by alternating spinning magnetic fields generated in said zones. Note here that obtained metal particles are precipitated with their accumulation and subsequent discharge of finished metal. Note here that this process is conducted at continuous processing of said stock. Process exploits water suspension wherein dispersity of particle as ore containing copper compounds makes 0.001-1.0 mm. Note here that magnetic fields are used, their intensity making 1·10⁴-1·10⁶ A/m, while frequency makes 40-70 Hz, quantity of fields makes 2 to 6. Finished metal is produced as titanium granules. Invention covers the device for process implementation.

EFFECT: lower costs, higher quality.

6 cl, 2 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, and specifically to methods for producing primary titanium from its ore raw materials, as well as to devices used for carrying out such processes.

The most common in Russia containing titanium ore rocks include the ilmenite mineral (iron metatitanate) FeTiO ₃ .

Most of the known technical solutions currently concerning the technology for producing metallic titanium from this raw material indicated above are based on the fact that in the first initial stages of its processing, iron compounds and titanium dioxide (FeO and TiO ₂ ) are isolated from it.

Thus obtained a new component, which includes titanium and oxygen itself, and separated from iron, then passes through a number of stages involved in the process of obtaining the necessary final product stages associated with its processing.

For example, the preparation of titanium dioxide from an initial titanium ore in accordance with one of these known technical solutions is carried out using an aqueous solution of NH ₄ F or NH ₄ F ₂ salts. The aqueous suspension formed at the end of this treatment is subjected to filtration, followed by separation of the volume obtained from it into a solid residue and a solution that contains titanium compounds.

Then, the aforementioned solution passes through hydrolysis and pyrohydrolysis operations, releasing from it, after the second stage of this processing, the solid precipitate thus formed (titanium dioxide). This stage of carrying out such a process of processing the previously obtained initial solution, that is, pyrohydrolysis, mentioned above also includes technological transitions that are carried out sequentially during its use.

The first transition, which performs the function of one of the main components of this stage of its main links, is performed at a temperature of max 450 ° C, and the second transition is performed at a value of the above parameter of max 1000 ° C (see patent RU 2392229 “Method for producing titanium dioxide using an aqueous solution of fluoride "С09С 1/36; С22 В 3/04, published February 27, 2009).

However, the application of this known technological solution does not provide the necessary final product, namely metallic titanium, from the initial one containing compounds of titanium and iron ore. When using it, it is possible to ensure only the isolation of its composition of an intermediate raw material - titanium dioxide, which can be used, ultimately, only by continuing the processing process, only as a necessary raw material source for obtaining the metal itself - Ti.

In addition, this well-known technology, which includes all the stages listed above, is highly energy intensive, since its main stages are performed at temperatures of 450 ° C and 1000 ° C, and the implementation of the latter is associated with the need to attract significant financial and labor costs . The presence of all these negative factors mentioned above prevents its widespread use in the current industrial production.

The most widespread in the non-ferrous metallurgy industries, in which the processing of the initial ore raw materials into metal titanium, is a technological process, when using which the material containing titanium and iron compounds passes sequentially through a series of intermediate stages, with the help of which the end goal set by the consumer is achieved - formation from the feedstock of metallic titanium having a sufficiently high degree of purity with respect to its content about the main element.

The classical technology of processing the initial ore raw material - ilmenite FeTiO ₃ thus includes the following main technological transitions:

a) obtaining containing titanium dioxide slag from titanium concentrate;

b) batching and preparation of briquettes;

c) chlorination of raw materials to obtain technical titanium tetrachloride;

g) purification of technical titanium tetrachloride;

e) reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium or sodium to a metal form;

f) carrying out vacuum distillation to purify the titanium sponge obtained during metal recovery;

g) removing the titanium sponge from the apparatus for conducting a vacuum; distillation and separation of the ingot into clean and "dirty" parts.

i) crushing a conditioned volume of a titanium ingot into smaller elements.

j) vacuum electric arc remelting of titanium electrodes formed from small metal particles in molds with a falling bottom.

It should be noted that each of the above stages of the technological process for obtaining metal from the initial metal containing titanium ore compounds, as a rule, is also accompanied by additional transitions associated with the need to carry out enrichment or purification of intermediate products obtained during their implementation (see book A.N. Zelikman, O.E. Krein, G.V. Samsonov "Metallurgy of rare metals", the third, revised and supplemented edition. Moscow, Metallurgy, 1978, pp. 215-297 - further prototype). Closest to the proposed method in the aforementioned known technology for producing metallic titanium is a transition, during the course of which slag containing titanium dioxide is formed, based on the predominant use of the initial ore concentrate consisting of the ilmenite mineral in it as the main raw material.

During the reduction smelting process, pig iron and the above-mentioned final product necessary for further processing are obtained from such feedstock.

Elements that are part of ilmenite are converted into new components in three-phase electric arc plants with capacities from 5000 to 20,000 KVA, and for this process open furnaces are used, lined from the inside with magnesite refractories (see the same source, pp. 213-234) .

In order to maintain high temperatures of the melt obtained from the ore material (1240-1600 ° C), the working elements are immersed into the thickness of the constituent layers of the last layers, with the help of which the physical field (used in this case, the temperature field) used in the processing of raw materials is formed. Graphite electrodes with a diameter of 500 mm are used as such working elements. The above-mentioned rod “heaters” are connected to an external source for supplying electric power to them.

The furnace has an open top at the top for loading the feedstock and a lower notch for the release of the finished final product. As a reducing agent in the implementation of the known method, crushed to 3-4 mm solid carbon is used - coke or anthracite.

The feedstock is most often formed in the form of briquettes, which include the source ore material and an organic binder containing carbon (for example, sulpho-alcohol stillage obtained as waste from the processing of wood into cellulose).

The cycle of such melting itself is divided into three periods:

a) melting the mixture;

b) intensive reduction of titanium dioxide from it;

c) lapping of the slag and its heating before discharge.

The products obtained at the end of the smelting process (cast iron and slag from TiO ₂ ) are discharged into the common mold through a tap hole in the furnace.

The temperature of the slag at the outlet corresponds to a value of 1570-1650 ° C.

The total melting time per use of 12 tons of the initial charge is 4 hours. The energy consumption for obtaining 1 ton of slag containing 82-87% TiO ₂ corresponds to a value of 2000 kWh.

Melting of the feedstock can also be carried out using a volatile natural gas containing a reducing agent. The feed necessary for the transformation of the raw mineral into the final products of its volumes is carried out directly into the thickness of the liquid melt placed in the furnace cavity (see the same source, p. 234 at the top).

Gas treatment is carried out in a fluidized bed formed in the uppermost layers of this processed raw material. The reduced material in the second stage of this transition is then re-melted in an ore-thermal arc furnace, using the latter to produce the same cast iron and slag consisting of TiO ₂ .

Purified from impurities of other elements, titanium dioxide is sent at the end of the previously indicated transition to complete the entire set of additional technological stages, the use of which allows ultimately to obtain pure metallic titanium from this intermediate product.

As can be clearly seen from the materials presented here, the implementation of the well-known "classical" method for producing metallic titanium from the initial "ilmenite" ore concentrate due to the high degree of complexity of this multi-stage technology used in its implementation, as well as the significant cost of the material-intensive metallurgical process equipment is directly related to the need to attract significant costs of financial and labor resources.

All of the aforementioned has a negative effect on those obtained by using this kind of “classical” method of processing the initial ore material and characterizes the degree of its effectiveness in case of the possible use of the latter in industrial production, its main technical and economic indicators.

Among other things, some of the transitions carried out during the implementation of this well-known technology are accompanied by emissions of highly toxic volatile compounds (gaseous chlorine, hydrogen chloride and even chemical warfare agent phosgene) into the environment of the apparatus used.

The presence of the action of the above factors makes us attribute this well-known and widely used in metallurgical production method of producing titanium metal to the category that defines such processes as “extremely environmentally dirty”.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the costs associated with the implementation of the processing of the used starting raw material into titanium metal, as well as improving the quality characteristics obtained using the proposed method of this final product itself.

The achievement of these goals is ensured by the presence of the following set of significant factors in the implementation of the proposed technology for processing the source ore ore.

The proposed method for producing metallic titanium involves conducting, at the very beginning of its implementation, the formation of the initial raw material mass in the form of an aqueous suspension containing titanium compounds.

The latter can be obtained by introducing into a predetermined volume of water particles containing titanium compounds in their bodies. In the process of performing the proposed method, the above-mentioned raw material mass is also moved through the sequentially located working zones for processing. In the above areas, direct reduction of this metal is carried out using a carbon substance to carry out this action. As noted earlier, the reducing component, in turn, is directly included in the composition of the gases containing this element, which are supplied to the same zones mentioned above for the processing of the used feedstock.

Direct reduction of this metal, that is, titanium, from its ore compounds is carried out under the influence of alternating rotating magnetic fields generated in the field of processing raw materials. Obtained in the previously noted manner, metal particles are deposited directly in the cavity of the device used, followed by unloading the mass of this finished product already accumulated in its volume. The manufacturing process of the above metal is also carried out without stopping the raw material mass processed in the device. The difference between the proposed technology and the closest technical analogue is that an aqueous suspension is used as a processed feedstock, in which the dispersion of the solid ore particles containing titanium compounds in the composition is in the range of 0.001-1.0 mm, and their concentration in its total volume corresponds to a value of 40-70%. In addition, during the process of its processing, magnetic fields are used, the intensity of which in the working areas is 1 × 10 ⁴ ÷ 1 × 106 A / m, and the frequency is 40-70 Hz, and the number of these areas themselves, in which the latter are generated , corresponds to a value of from 2 to 6 units. This finished product itself, formed during the processing of raw materials, that is, metal made in the device, is obtained in the form of granules. It should also be noted that in the implementation of the proposed processing technology to the feedstock, compressed gas jets are supplied under an overpressure of 0.1-0.6 kgf / cm ² . The movement of the processed raw material mass during the processing process is carried out through sequentially located working zones through which it passes, subject to the conditions for its continuous mechanical mixing.

The aforementioned action is carried out along the entire path produced by the raw material mass of its own longitudinal transfer with the use of a screw that rotates around its axis to carry out the latter.

A device for producing metallic titanium, used in the implementation of the proposed method, comprises a hollow body. This body is designed to accommodate the processed raw material mass in its cavity. The proposed device also has working elements that ensure the formation of acting on ore particles containing titanium compounds, and reducing agent molecules of variable rotating magnetic fields. These above-mentioned working elements are made in the form of solenoid coils connected to an external source of electrical power. The body cavity of this processing device is insulated from its external environment.

The power working elements in which the installation of electric winding coils is carried out, which in the same way are also included in the structure of the same device, are made of plates joined together from magnetically conductive material. The latter have the shape of a closed rectangular contour, with the total number of such circuits ranging from 2 to 6 pieces, in addition, directly in the body that make up the above assemblies, as if individual windings of the coils are placed, then there are three units in each of them and the latter perform the functions of solenoids in them. Each of these winding coils is connected to a corresponding separate phrase of an external three-phase power source.

Moreover, in one of these working elements, which is part of each of the magnetic circuits used in the design of such a device, a through groove is made, the dimensions of which ensure the placement of the hollow body noted earlier in it.

This case itself turns out to be, as it were, arranged in series in the magnetic circuits of the above-mentioned magnetic circuits, which are installed at an equal distance from each other and are enveloped from its outer surface by such a through installation groove and their magnetically conducting elements.

It should also be noted that this assembly is equipped with a screw located in its cavity and carrying out the movement of the raw material in it from the front zone of this node to its rear part. The above-mentioned rotating auger has its own drive, which ensures its angular movement with a given speed. With all this, on the outer surface of the device’s body, at an angle to the latter, rows of nozzles supplying compressed gas uniformly spaced from one another are placed.

In addition, a hole is made in the front end of the aforementioned collecting device that communicates with the cavity of the loading hopper located above it,

And at its rear end there is a hatch for unloading the finished metal, obtained in the form of titanium granules, into a drive installed under this hatch.

A distinctive feature of the execution of the proposed device is the fact that the body is mounted with a slope of its longitudinal axis of symmetry to the horizon level, while its front end is raised and the rear is lowered, and the aforementioned angle of inclination is 10-20 °.

This device also has hollow pipes mounted on its body, passing through its walls, mounted on its front and rear ends, which are equipped with pressure reducing valves.

The cavity of these previously noted “exhaust” pipes directly communicates with the internal volume of this building itself.

The introduction of all the above features of the proposed method, as well as the above new design features in the composition of the device used during its implementation, allows you to fundamentally change the nature of the process of formation of metal titanium during processing used to obtain the original raw material.

In connection with the foregoing, the latter begins to acquire the following differences characteristic of it.

Firstly, the difference in the implementation of the known solutions and the proposed method lies in the fact that when the latter is carried out in the very initial stage of this process, the operation of the so-called "fine grinding" of pieces of the original ore containing titanium compounds is carried out.

During its implementation, any known methods of crushing lumpy material known in industrial production, for example, performed using ball mills, are used. When using the above device to achieve this goal, the pieces of the initial raw material used in the proposed method during its execution were ground using ore particles of ore having overall dimensions from 0.001 to 1.0 mm.

The implementation of this transition, that is, the "grinding" of large lumps of rock, and further ensured the possibility of forming from the obtained small particles consisting of titanium compounds of ore, viscous, homogeneous, not stratified into individual components over a long period of time, the mass - water suspensions. In order to create the latter, it will only be necessary to add to the volume thus obtained from solid ore particles the required amount of water (30-60% of the total mass of this material). After performing this action, the bicomponent substance thus obtained is thoroughly mixed. To carry out this operation, any equipment designed to accomplish this purpose can be used, for example, an ordinary paddle mechanical stirrer.

The homogeneous “mud-like” portion of the volume of the aqueous suspension 2 formed at the end of its holding, consisting of these two above substances, is then placed in the cavity of the loading hopper 1, which is part of the device used for processing this raw material. After completing the stage of such loading, all winding coils 15 included in the circuits 5 are immediately and simultaneously connected to an external power source, and, in addition, the rotation drive of the feed screw 4 comes into operation, and it is also connected to the blowing nozzles 6 to the external, supplying compressed air under excess line pressure. Through the loading hole "B", the portions of the raw material 2 located in the lower part of the hopper 1 fall down, falling into the internal cavity of the housing 3 used for processing the device. The volumes of water suspension 2 previously obtained in the manner described above are picked up by the blades of a rotating feed screw 4 and moved with the help of the latter along the internal cavity of the housing in the direction from its front end to its rear part. In the process of such “pushing”, the rotating blades of the auger 4 crush larger portions of the raw materials placed in the cavity of the housing 3 into smaller ones, periodically lifting them to a certain height above the horizon, and also dumping them from there at certain intervals to the lowest zone of the housing 3. Through any relatively small number of revolutions of the screw 4 performed around the longitudinal axis of symmetry 4, the mass of the processed material 2 filling the cavity of the housing 3 is carried out by the blades after days into the area of influence created by the very first of the installed circuits 5 of an alternating rotating magnetic field.

The formation of the latter proceeds with the following characteristic features, the presence of which determines the receipt of the required positive effect when implementing the proposed method. When considering the reasons leading to the appearance of these factors of its influence, it must be remembered that the housing 3, filled with the fluid mass of the raw material suspension processed in it, was installed in the through grooves “B” made for this purpose and used in the device of magnetic generators (see figure 1). Those. in fact, the housing 3 of the device used is laid through artificially created “slots” (ie, grooves “B”) left in them for this purpose. Moreover, such a “laying” was carried out with the formation of the same type of mounting clearances “a” at the points of passage of its outer surface through the body of any circuit 5 included in this magnetic system used for processing.

In addition, it should also be noted that the magnetic generators 5 included in it are placed at the same distance from each other.

Due to the fact that three units included in each of the magnetic circuits 5 per one generator of the coil-coil 15 are included in an external electrical circuit at the time of the processing process, then each of them begins to fulfill the function of a solenoid. In this case, it is also necessary to indicate also that each winding-coil 15 available in any circuit 5 is connected when it is switched on only for it, which corresponds to the phase of a three-phase external electric power supply, to its supply current.

When making such a connection, any separately taken from these winding coils 15 begins to generate a magnetic alternating field around itself.

These individual fields obtained in the installation areas of the winding coils 15, passing through the volume including solenoids of this kind and constituting each individual circuit of the magnetically conducting elements 14, are summed up in them with the formation in each circuit 5 ultimately of a single common.

Since an alternating electric current is used to feed the winding coils 15, then, accordingly, such a total magnetic field created in zone “D” of each circuit 5 at the moment of passage of the processed raw material through it will also be variable (see Fig. 1 )

In addition, due to the fact that each of the three windings used in the power supply of the generator 5 — coils 15 of the phases of the applied external energy supply source — has corresponding angular displacements of its sinusoidal pulses relative to neighboring ones, the total magnetic field created with their help and, as it were, “rotates” in the area where its effect is carried out. The resulting magnetic flux, which is formed inside each individual circuit 5 torn apart by a mounting groove “B”, tends to unite its half formed by this artificially performed dismemberment, making a kind of “jump” through the air space separating them, and also, respectively, through the on the trajectory of its flight adjacent to this zone volumes of the internal cavity of the housing 3 of this device (see figure 1). Those. the trajectory of its movement inside any individual contour 5 will be a kind of “closed loop”, pulling together into an integral structural array formed by an artificial gap made in the body of the latter, and its individual parts. Thus, the corresponding zones located near the magnetic generators in the internal cavity of the housing 3 turn into peculiar steps, based on which this kind of transition between the working elements 14 in the circuits 5 used for processing becomes feasible with the least possible energy loss.

Those. the volume of the housing 3 filled with the water suspension being processed by the water performs at the moment of connection of the halves of the circuit separated by groove “B” into a single unit by the physical fields formed in it, the role of the closing connecting links for the magnetic fluxes generated and created using these systems.

All of the above and ensures the maximum possible concentration of the lines of force created in the device of magnetic fields directly in the zones where the conversion of raw particles into the desired final product occurs.

If we mentally imagine that it is necessary to connect the curves passing through the end points in a single figure, fixing the position of the end of the resulting total vector of such a magnetic flux during the last vibrational angular spatial movements with a given frequency (40-70 Hz) for a certain pre-selected period of time , then in the above manner with the help of these lines a spatial figure will be obtained, which is a three-coordinate “ellipsoid”. It should be noted that this spatial ellipsoid (see zone "D" in Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is located in the zones of the housing 3 filled with processed raw material 2, almost overlapping all its mass in this region with its own body.

The narrowing of the front and rear ends of this ellipsoid "D" is due, first of all, to an increase in the value of magnetic resistance, which inevitably appears due to the occurrence of mounting clearances "a" formed when the housing 3 is placed in the "gap" formed by a system of sequentially arranged one after another installation grooves "B". The latter, in turn, are made in the generators used for processing 5. Due to the fact that this resultant vector obtained in the above manner makes this entire set of vibrational spatial displacements directly in the volume occupied by the medium 2, then those located in particles of titanium ore, as well as molecules of gases, carbon monoxide, methane supplied to the same area, a whole series of “jerks” and “shocks” created by this vector and periodically repeating (40-70 Hz) collapses. At the same time, they are applied immediately from all sides and using the entire set of directions of their possible impact.

All these phenomena arise due to the fact that the resulting total magnetic flux vector generated directly in the processing zone, with a frequency set in the device (40-70 Hz), performs oscillatory angular displacements in these areas with a high speed, changing not only its spatial position, but and its size (the latter moves inside a spatial ellipsoid elongated along the longitudinal axis). Under the influence of these artificially created in the layers of the processed raw materials and the volumes of gas bubbles arising in its mass, intensively acting on these components of this kind of “force” factors, the following processes begin to occur in the processing zones of the source material.

The reasons servicing their appearance should include, first of all, the fact that as a result of a powerful energy flux carried out by this magnetic flux, the atoms of their molecules entering as the initial structures used in the construction of these components are inevitably activated. The electrons of the latter in this case move to higher orbits relative to their nucleus. In this case, covalent molecular bonds previously existing between them are broken, and in these processing areas newly created ions appear, which are formed from the number of their constituent elements that were previously included in the initial molecular compounds.

In these very regions subjected to such magnetic “irradiation” and filled with the material to be processed, ultimately, activated molecular fragments arise, synthesized from the individual components that were previously made up and included in the recipe of the used raw material mixture, as well as from the gases that fill the bubbles through the suspension , of which the stream of compressed air supplied into it consists.

When a series of reactions subsequently proceeds in the areas of such magnetic action, all the compounds obtained during their implementation form in the thickness of the suspension used crystalline “nuclei” of a new element that was previously absent in its composition — titanium metal itself.

When considering the whole complex of physical and chemical processes occurring in the processing zones, we must also remember the following. The particles of titanium ore included in the composition of the aqueous suspension used in the processing cross the magnetic fields generated in the device by picking up these components of the raw material mass and then repulping them from one part of the cavity of the housing 3 to others, carried out using the blades of a rotating screw. The influence of the above elements, in addition to crushing large portions of the feedstock into smaller volumes, forces the latter to move in the region of the highest possible concentration of the lines of force of the magnetic field generated there along a complex spatial path (i.e., the possible points of their location are determined by the coordinates x, y, z ) Thus, under the influence of this forced and continuously carried out by the screw transfer of the layers of the used raw material 2, the constituent last particles, falling into the “D” zones (see Fig. 1), repeatedly change their initial orientation, thereby opening the most convenient access to their constituents crystalline structures generated in the indicated areas by magnetic fluxes.

But the “scrolling” of the indicated raw microvolumes with a relatively high frequency of this kind relative to the own “axis of symmetry” during the intersection of the systems acting on the last magnetic fields formed in the cavity of the housing 3 of the system determines, ultimately, the optimal rate of conversion of the particles of the starting material into metal , as well as the completeness of its implementation (that is, it creates the prerequisites for eliminating the possibility of “embedding” foreign impurities in the formed during processing ke in the resulting final product is a crystal lattice).

Taking into account all the above, it can be concluded that during the operation of “magnetization” in the volume of an aqueous suspension filling the body 3, the thickness of which is “pierced” by gas bubbles created when compressed air flows to its layers, the following reactions occur:

FeTiO ₃ → FeO + TiO ₂ ;

CO ₂ → C ⁺⁴ + 2O2 ^-2 ;

CH ₄ → C ⁺⁴ + 4H ⁺ ,

H ₂ O → 2H ++ O ^-2 ;

2FeO + O-2 → Fe ₂ O ₃ ;

TiO ₂ + C + 4 → Ti + ⁴ + CO ₂ ;

H ⁺ + H ⁺ → H ₂ ; O ^-2 + O ^-2 → O ₂ ;

Ti + ⁴ + 4e → Ti ⁰ ;

FeO + CO ₂ → FeCO ₃

and so on, direct and inverse molecular transformations with a shift in chemical equilibrium in the direction of formation of titanium metal in the zone of their flow and exhausting into the surrounding device for processing the atmosphere of microvolumes of the above gaseous products released during their implementation.

Thus, their previous analysis clearly shows that the carbon ion obtained from the carbon-containing molecules that make up the atmosphere of gases (CO ₂ ; CH ₄ ) during the execution of “magnetic shocks” applied to them takes away the TiO ₂ produced from the titanium dioxide molecule during its decay, atomic oxygen, connecting with the latter. This component itself, titanium dioxide, was released from the composition of the starting compound containing it - iron metatitanate during its crushing into separate fragments (TiO ₂ and FeO) that were previously included in it, which was performed using the previously noted effect and used to achieve similar goals power factor (intensively conducted "magnetic exposure"). In addition to the above, reverse reactions also occur in the treatment zone with the formation of gas volumes that, under the conditions of this powerful and continuously performed energy exposure, have a minimum of their internal energy (H ₂ O, H ₂ , O ₂ and CO ₂ ). Due to the presence of the action of the whole complex of conditions indicated above, metallic titanium obtained in this way is a crystal that is stable in relation to the influence of all the above-mentioned external factors, which do not transfer into connection with other components located next to them under the conditions of this intensively conducted energy exposure.

Other pollutants, which are also part of the impurities present in the feedstock, will be converted into new crystalline structures in exactly the same way as titanium metal itself, and subsequently they will be powdery finely dispersed slags that appear at the end of the processing.

The “nuclei” made of titanium metal obtained by the above method in the very first zone where the above magnetic action is carried out, under the action of gravitational forces, move to the lower part of the body cavity 3. Moving in the layers of the last aqueous suspension 2 filling in the vertical direction - from the upper point of its initial placement to the lowest, these "seeds" of the newly obtained metal capture small particles of ore along the road from the raw material mass surrounding them from all sides and "clothed" consisting in coating one kind (like natseplyaya the "coat" of these components crosslinked). As a rule, they never succeed in reaching the lowest region of the housing 3, since they inevitably collide with the surface of the blade of the screw rotating in the cavity of the housing 3 of the screw 4, which rotates in the cavity of the housing 3 and, in the process of performing their movement, the actions of any complex of unfavorable conditions for this in portions of the starting raw material 2 are “pushed” further by the screw. Those. fall into the area of influence of the second installed at a predetermined distance from the first magnetic circuit 5.

This promotion of the processed mass of the used raw material in the direction from the front end of the housing 3 to its rear is facilitated by installing it at an angle to the horizon. The value of this angle is 10-20 °. Sent to the formation zone by the second circuit 5 used in the device, which intensively acts on the magnetic flux space surrounding it, this mass of raw material 2 passes through the same transformations as took place in the magnetic "irradiation" zone, which was carried out by the very first one used in device of magnetic generators 5.

The difference in the processing processes in the above areas of the housing 3 will consist only in the fact that not only the ore particles that are in the volume of the aqueous suspension, but also those that have attached a “coat” to the zone of generation of the magnetic flux created by the second circuit 5, consisting of the latter, “nuclei” of crystalline titanium already obtained. As a result, under the influence of a powerful magnetic field formed by the second circuit in the mass crossing the zone of its imposition, the newly created small centers from the metal crystallizing there are added to the existing raw materials in addition to the existing ones.

On the other hand, the “fur coat” that has grown on the previously “embryos” from small particles of ore is transformed, due to the presence of the action of the above factors, into a full metal coating. Those. a small crystalline titanium due to the implementation of this kind of "growth" that occurs when the coating of the outer surface consisting of ore particles "fur coat" is transferred into the newly formed metal structure based on it, significantly increases its originally obtained dimensions. Leaving the treatment zone, created using the magnetic flux generated by the second generator of the device used, and the raw material mass 2 converted by the above method continues to carry out the process of its movement through the cavity of the housing 3.

The scheme of its implementation exactly matches the one that was indicated earlier, when describing the features of the operation of transferring volumes of the same material inside such a device into the installation zone on it of the first generator 5.

Due to this, the inevitability of the supply of partially processed raw material 2 is already ensured even in the zone of intense magnetic exposure, carried out using the third of the same type of magnetic circuits 5 used in the device.

The previously discussed processes for the conversion of titanium compounds to metal in the field of influence of the magnetic field generated in the third circuit 5 will proceed in the latter in exactly the same way as in the installation zones of other generators 5 used in the device, i.e. first and second.

The peculiarity of their implementation will consist only in the fact that almost all the ore particles that make up the aqueous suspension are “attached” to new metal crystals forming in this part of the device’s body.

Such newly obtained metal germs will necessarily “dress” in this zone the remaining microvolumes of this ore directly on themselves, using them as a kind of raw material coating formed from these last of their residues in this zone.

Thus, at one of the final stages of this kind of processing, the raw material mass obtained in the zone of influence of the third magnetic circuit and converted under the influence of the magnetic flux generated by it is transferred by the rotating screw 4 to another part of the cavity of the housing 3, further removed from its front end.

As a result of this kind of material, it ultimately enters the installation zone in the device of the fourth contour 5.

In the process of carrying out the last, “final” part of the processing step in the above region, located in the zone of operation of the magnetic flux generated by the fourth contour, from the volume of material that has already arrived “already saturated” with small and large crystalline “nuclei” of titanium, the last residues of ore particles in it. These components are converted into metal crystals and subsequently, falling under the influence of the same magnetic flux generated in the same zone, begin to perform the functions of a “building mortar”, which provides for the connection of small “nuclei” that stick together in this section of the body into larger granules .

Based on the foregoing, it can be assumed that in the installation zone of this particular, the last fourth magnetic generator 5, the processes of synthesis of large pieces of metal from smaller ones are intensively taking place. The implementation of the latter is ensured, first of all, through the use of the effect of the so-called “bonding” of small crystalline formations located there, which, due to its presence, are connected to each other and form more massive “aggregates”.

Those. at this time period of the process of processing raw materials, the most noticeable factor at this stage of its implementation will be the formation of large pieces of metal from any small-sized “grains” that are present in the area of this kind of operation.

Since the processing of raw materials is carried out without the use of any intermediate stops associated with its execution, the "enlarged" granules of metal 10 obtained in the above region of the housing 3 are transferred by the screw 4 to the plane of the output opening "G" (see figure 1). Moved by its blades to the open surface of this section of the cavity of the housing 3, the granules 10 slide under the influence of gravity into this opening without any barriers and, ultimately, fall into the cavity of the storage hopper 9 used to collect them (see Fig. 1). The processing of the feedstock at the end of this fourth stage can be considered completed.

After opening its shutter 13, the material accumulated in the hopper 9 is withdrawn to any technological container that is convenient for carrying out its subsequent transportation.

The decrease in the volume of raw material 2 as a continuous process of its processing takes place in the cavity of the housing 3 is constantly compensated by supplying new portions of the last of the volume of the loading hopper 2 connected by the input opening “B”, which directly communicates with the latter. Since the raw material 2 used is a viscous plastic mass, as its volume decreases in the cavity of the front end of the housing 3, new portions of the latter easily pass from the hopper 1 to the vacant place there, without experiencing any additional difficulties (i.e. . Their submission is carried out "by gravity").

Gases generated during the recovery of metal from its raw material compounds, as well as excess air volumes accumulated in the cavity of the housing 3, are automatically removed from the cavity of the housing 3 by means of the hollow nozzles 7 mounted on its front and rear ends, equipped with pressure reducing valves 8. These gas gases can be removed from there the components are produced by ejecting them into the external atmosphere surrounding the device at the moment of operation of the nozzle 7 r that is configured for a given overpressure and which is part of the design an induced valve 8.

The operation of the device used in the implementation of the proposed method can be carried out around the clock, with stops being made only for the purpose of carrying out the necessary repairs.

In addition to the granules obtained by processing metal titanium 10, slag wastes formed in the form of finely dispersed granular powder formed in the course of its execution from the various raw materials used in the composition of the used raw materials also enter the storage hopper 9.

Due to the fact that granules made of titanium and slag of this kind falling into the cavity of the hopper 9 together with them have sharply different sizes (the dimensions of titanium granules are in the range from 6 to 12 mm, and the overall dimensions of the waste are from 0, 5 to 1.5 mm), then the subsequent separation of these final products when unloading them from the hopper can be carried out without special difficulties using a system that includes ordinary calibrated sieves.

As the feedstock for the implementation of the proposed method, any ore rocks can be used, the composition of which includes titanium compounds as one of their constituent components.

Processing of the latter can be carried out without involving any additional operations for their preliminary preparation or purification, with the exception of those that allow the conversion of ore into concentrates used in further processing.

If the raw material is “poor” in the content of titanium compounds in it, then, accordingly, indicators characterizing the percentage ratio of the metal yield from the volumes of the starting material used to obtain it will fall. However, taking into account the high degree of purity of the final product produced using the proposed method, the use of the latter, even in this case, will be referred to processes, the implementation of which can be considered quite economically justified.

The processing of the aqueous suspension, carried out in accordance with the proposed technology, is carried out at an intensity of alternating rotating magnetic fields, measured directly in the zone of its execution, amounting to 1 · 10 ⁴ → 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m.

The oscillation frequency of these magnetic fields is in the range of 40-70 Hz. When performing the proposed method for producing titanium from feedstock, a four-loop magnetic system mounted on the device’s body was used.

As shown by experimental verification, such a system may include in its composition the above components in an amount of from two to six units. The choice of just such a scheme for installing magnetic generators in an amount from 2 to 6 units on the case of the device used to perform the processing is determined, first of all, by the presence of the following considerations.

When using only one contour in the device, and not two, the conditions are created for “growing” into the metal granules formed in the processing zones a large number of atoms of foreign elements, which are necessarily present in the composition of the raw material used for processing.

With an increase in the number of such generators over six units, no additional positive effect is achieved in the process of processing the aqueous suspension. At the same time, the use of an excessive number of such constituent elements in the magnetic system used in the device leads to its complication and increases the operating costs necessary for processing raw materials.

Based on the foregoing, upon receipt of metallic titanium, the processing of the raw material used was carried out using a system consisting of generators evenly spaced along the device body using their optimal amount - i.e. four circuits were used in the system.

The total length of the housing used to implement the proposed device technology was 1.5 m. Its overall dimensions, i.e. the width and height of the main assembly of the device mentioned above, i.e. hulls corresponded to a value of 0.2 m × 0.2 m (in cross section, the hull is a square).

The range of possible changes in the angles of inclination of this body to the horizon is in the range of 10-20 °.

In this particular case, when performing experiments, the performance data of which are given below, this angle of inclination was 15 °.

To simplify the design of the magnetic circuit, the installation on the device case of this kind of its constituent elements was carried out at an angle of 90 ° to the plane of the outer surface of the latter. Those. these contours during their installation, respectively, also had an inclination angle with respect to the vertical equal to the same 15 °. Using the above installation option, the through groove uniformly spanning the device’s body, made in each of the generators used in this system, was a regular rectangular parallelepiped (rather than a complex figure formed when the spatial volume of the body of the working element intersects the secant plane).

Before starting the process for producing metal titanium, 200-240 kg of the initial raw material (or 340-350 kg of the mixture formed on its basis) was loaded into the loading hopper included in the composition of the proposed device.

The latter was a two-component aqueous suspension obtained by mixing small particles of titanium ore in a given volume of water.

The titanium ore used in this suspension was extracted from its closest deposit, in which it was developed to meet the needs of the existing metallurgical industry using it as raw material. Before starting the preparation of the aqueous suspension, an operation was carried out to break its large pieces into smaller ones using a conventional ball mill.

The resulting particles of the feedstock had overall dimensions in the range from 0.001 mm to 1 mm. The processing time of the above volume of raw materials using this kind of four-circuit system and using the previously given range of values of the intensity of an alternating magnetic field was 105-120 min (1.75-2 hours).

The yield of titanium metal calculated on the use of 200-240 kg in the aqueous suspension of the above titanium ore reached a value of 61.3-72.8 kg (i.e. 29.71-30.65% of its total applied volume).

These indicators come close enough to the theoretically possible limit that determines the amount of metal produced from the feedstock with the following percentage of titanium compounds in the ore used in the process.

The degree of purity obtained in the implementation of the proposed method of the metal corresponds to the value of its content equal to 99.999992%.

If it is necessary to maintain the obtained purity value of the metal produced by the proposed method during its accumulation and further transportation, an inert gas medium can be used to isolate the final product thus formed from adverse external influences. This medium may include argon gas, which is quite common in industrial production sectors.

It should also be noted that the metal granules 10 formed by this treatment have an almost perfect crystal lattice with only a small number of geometrically correct dislocation shapes distorting it.

This metal itself, in addition, has rather low values of the specific volume electric resistivity ρ, which correspond to a value of 13.3 N · Ohm · M. Its specific volumetric weight is 4.2 g / cm ³ .

The melting point of the titanium metal obtained by the proposed method is equal to 1880 ° C.

The titanium granules obtained by processing the raw materials using the proposed method have overall dimensions from 6 to 12 mm, as well as a shape that is a drop of the “wrong shape” of the color of “wet asphalt” with a matte finish.

Along with such metal granules, the composition of the final product obtained during the implementation of the proposed method also includes fine powder granular wastes generated from various impurities (Fe, Si, Ca, Al) that are part of the feedstock. They have overall dimensions ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and their amount relative to the initial mass used to form the aqueous suspension of the rock reaches 56-67%.

The remaining processed products are represented by the volumes of newly obtained gases formed in the cavity of the device casing and ejected from there into the outside atmosphere.

Occupied by the device used in the case of processing the specified raw materials using the proposed technology, the production area is 2.5-3.0 m ² .

The amount of metal produced with its use corresponds to a value of 0.75-0.8 tons, provided that work is carried out in three-shift mode.

The amount of consumed electric energy to obtain the above volumes of the latter is in the range of 2.5-2.8 thousand kW · h.

Classical methods for producing titanium from the same feedstock require its use in volumes not less than 8-10 thousand kW · h. Among other things, titanium obtained by known methods must also be passed through operations on its "vacuum refining".

The presence of the above circumstance determines that in order to obtain the specified final product, it will also be necessary to attract an additional amount of all the same electrical energy used in the implementation of this kind of “post-treatment” of metal. As a result of all of the above, its volumes used for processing will obviously exceed the already specified limits.

The proposed method for producing metal is performed at room temperature (17-27 ° C), and the processing of raw materials is performed under the influence of excess pressure, the value of which is only slightly higher than atmospheric (by 0.1 ÷ 0.6 kgf / cm ² ).

The rotation speed of the pushing raw material from the beginning of the device body to its end of the screw is relatively small and is 6-10 rpm.

Technological modes used in the implementation of the proposed method for producing metal are assigned based on the following considerations.

The intensity of the alternating rotational magnetic field used to produce the metal, measured directly in the zones of influence on the processed raw materials by the magnetic fluxes generated in the device, as already mentioned, is 1 · 10 ⁴ ÷ 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m.

The use of less than the above values of this parameter - 1 · 10 ⁴ A / m does not provide the formation of conditions guaranteeing the release of metal from its compounds that make up the initial raw material mass. The use of higher values of the same parameter than 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m does not allow achieving any additional positive effect. At the same time, an increase in the magnitude of the magnetic fields used in the device above the specified limits - 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m will require additional costs used to generate the latest electrical energy.

The same factors determine the selection of the frequency range of oscillations, within which the generation of alternating magnetic fields.

Those. when applying frequency values less than 40 Hz, the process of separation of titanium metal from its compounds is difficult when implementing the proposed technology.

The resulting magnetic flux vectors obtained during the generation of such variable magnetic fields in this case act on the processed ore particles with an insufficient degree of intensity.

Those. such resulting vectors in the volumes of the aqueous suspension surrounding them, which includes solid particles of the rock, move too “sluggishly”.

On the contrary, when the frequency value is higher than 70 Hz, the above vectors move in the zones of their influence so rapidly that the ore particles falling on the path of their spatial transport do not have time to interact with them. Again, in this case, the creation of optimal conditions for obtaining the necessary final product during processing is not guaranteed.

The purpose of the time intervals used to obtain the metal (1.75-2.0 hours) is made based on the following. When the values of the time interval used in the processing of raw materials are less than 1.75 hours (105 minutes), the structural transformations necessary for the formation of this necessary final product do not have time to completely finish in the particles themselves used for processing the raw material mass.

When applying the time interval, if its value becomes more than 2.0 hours, it is not ensured that any additional positive effect is achieved. But at the same time, the use of these time intervals exceeding the required value leads to an inevitable increase in the total costs associated with the implementation of this kind of process of processing the feedstock into the above final product.

Based on these same considerations, the amount of excess pressure supplied through the external line to the compressed air nozzles distributing it was also assigned. The volumes of the latter arrive at these elements, having an overpressure of 0.1 ÷ 0.6 kgf / cm ² .

When the values in the volumes of compressed air supplied to these nozzles of excess pressure are less than 0.1 kgf / cm ² , indicators characterizing the productivity of the process for producing metallic titanium fall. When the values of this parameter are greater than 0.6 kgf / cm ² , it is not possible to provide additional intensification of its implementation.

At the same time, when using values of the excess pressure in the volumes of compressed air supplied to such elements of the device that are larger than this value indicated above, the costs necessary for its production and supply in the field of processing the applied electric energy increase.

The percentage of ore particles in the composition of the aqueous suspension used in the processing process, having a value of 40-70%, is assigned based on the presence of the following factors.

When the concentration of this kind of component in the latter is less than 40%, the raw material used turns into “poor”, which negatively affects the efficiency of the processing of raw materials, since the yield of the required final product is significantly reduced.

With an increase in its content above a value of 70%, the processed raw material sharply decreases the indicators determining the degree of its plasticity. This, ultimately, significantly complicates the process of moving it from the loading hopper into the cavity of the device body, as well as the subsequent transfer of the constituent mass of raw materials volumes of such material on the inner surface of the latter.

The presence of the above circumstance also negatively affects the results provided by the implementation of the proposed technology for the production of metallic titanium.

The particle sizes used to obtain an aqueous suspension of ore particles, the dimensions of which are in the range of 0.001-1.0 mm, are determined on the basis of the need to form with their use a stable "mud-like" raw material mass.

The latter should not be stratified into separate components for the time period necessary for the complete completion of the process.

The choice of values of the angles of inclination of 10-20 ° of the longitudinal axis of the device’s body to the horizon line was made taking into account the possibility of the following circumstances affecting the processing of raw materials.

When the values of the angle of inclination of less than 10 °, the rate of passage of a viscous water suspension from the beginning of the device to its very end is substantially slowed down. This can adversely affect the quality characteristics obtained using the proposed method of the final product.

On the contrary, with an increase in the indicated angle to a value exceeding 20 °, the process of moving can accelerate so much that the necessary structural transformations do not have time to undergo in the processed raw material mass. This circumstance, as in the variant discussed above, can also adversely affect the results characterizing the efficiency of the process.

The speed range (6-10 rpm), within which the screw is rotated, is assigned taking into account the following considerations. When rotating it with an angular speed of less than 6 rpm, the movement of the raw material inside the device’s body slows down so much that the yield of the desired final product under the influence of this factor will be significantly reduced. When the values of the angular velocity of rotation of the screw exceeding the value of 10 rpm, the processed material containing ore particles can cross the latter in an unreasonably short period of time when passing through the regions of its reduction to metal formed in the device body.

The presence of this circumstance will serve in this case as an obvious obstacle to the occurrence of structural transformations necessary for obtaining the final product in the latter.

In connection with all this, the adopted range of screw rotation speed in the housing is set in the range of 6-10 rpm.

To carry out the process of producing metallic titanium, carried out using the proposed method, a rock containing ore was used, which included compounds of the latter and iron ("ilmenite"). The volumes necessary for the implementation of the series of experiments described below were withdrawn from the closest quarry, in which the ore lying in it was extracted to meet the corresponding needs of the existing metallurgical production. Used as the main component to obtain the starting raw material, such ore contained the following compounds:

TiFeO ₃ - 42.6%;

FeO - 30.8%;

Fe ₂ O ₃ - 15.7%;

SiO ₂ - 1.8%;

Al ₂ O ₃ - 2.6%.

Compounds of other impurity elements constituting the ore — Ca; Mg; Na; H ₂ O - the rest is up to 100%.

To carry out all of the experiments below to obtain metallic titanium using the proposed method, the same type of raw material was used, formed on the basis of the use of the above concentrate containing iron metatinate (TiFeO ₃ ) having the same composition indicated above.

Before the preparation of the aqueous suspension loaded into the processing device, the pieces of titanium ore used in it were crushed using a ball mill to obtain particles of the latter, the dispersion of which corresponded to a value of 0.001-1.0 mm. The impurities that make up the feedstock - compounds of Ca, Fe, Al, Si, Na, Mg at the final stages of processing turned into a fine-grained white powder with a creamy tint.

Thus grinding the fine rock containing titanium compounds, the initial rock was then poured with the required volume of tap water and mixed in it until a uniform, viscous aqueous suspension was obtained from these two components.

After obtaining the latter, the volume of suspension formed by this operation was loaded directly into the hopper of the device used to obtain the metal. Further, the process of implementing the proposed method is illustrated using a number of examples below.

Example 1. In a hopper with a capacity of the last 350 l was placed an aqueous suspension, the content of which particles of titanium ore with a dispersion of 0.001-1.0 mm was 245 kg, or 70%. The remaining mass of the load was water - 105 l, or 30% of the total volume of suspension used.

After the loading operation was completed, they simultaneously turned on: a rotation drive supplying feed of screw 4 at a speed of 6 rpm, electrical windings of coil 15 in all four generators 5 mounted on the housing 3 of the device, and compressed air was supplied through all nozzles 6. Its entry to the latter from the external line was carried out under an overpressure of 0.6 kgf / cm ² . The housing 3 of the device used tilted to the horizon. The magnitude of this angle of inclination was 15 °. The tension generated in all four circuits 5, evenly spaced along the housing 3 of the proposed device of magnetic fields, measured directly in the working areas "D" using a Hall sensor and a measuring bridge, was 1 · 10 ⁴ A / m. Their oscillation frequency corresponded to a value of 70 Hz. The processing time in this example was 2.0 hours (120 minutes). A water suspension 2 of titanium ore particles passing through the housing 3 of the proposed device under the influence of magnetic fluxes formed in the circuits 5 was converted into a set of titanium metal granules and slag waste having a fine-grained powder structure consisting of impurities included in the feedstock.

Thus, at the end of the process of processing the aqueous suspension, metallic titanium was obtained, the amount of which was equal to 72.8 kg - 29.71% of the total used mass of the rock, as well as powder waste, the weight of which was equal to 131, 2 kg The overall dimensions of the “grains” of which the slag consisted were in the range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and its particles themselves were white with a cream tint.

The rest of the processed ore was represented by 7 volumes of gases (CO ₂ ; H ₂ O; H ₂ ; O ₂ ) released through the outlet pipes, which were sent directly to the atmosphere surrounding the device.

The metal granules obtained by processing had a droplet shape and overall dimensions from 6 to 8 mm. The degree of purity obtained by such processing of the metal relative to the content of titanium in it was 99.999993%.

The value of the specific volume electric resistance obtained in the above manner of titanium corresponds to a value of 13.1 · N · Ohm · M.

Example 2. The processing of feedstock was carried out in accordance with the same scheme as was indicated in example 1.

The amount of material containing titanium ore (ilmenite) used to prepare the aqueous suspension was 140 kg, or 40% of its weight, the rest water - 210 l / kg, or 60% of the total volume of the aqueous suspension.

The air supply to the processed raw materials was carried out under its excess pressure equal to 0.1 kgf / cm ² .

The screw rotation drive provided a speed of its angular displacement equal to 10 rpm. The angle of inclination of the device’s body to the horizon line remained the same as that indicated in example 1-15 °. The intensity of the magnetic fields generated in all four circuits 5 in the “D” zones was 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m, at a frequency of 40 Hz.

The processing time was 105 minutes (1.75 hours). The volume obtained from the end of the processing process, consisting of titanium granules, had a weight of 42.9 kg (30.64% of the total ore mass used). The amount of slag formed as a result of processing was 89.6 kg.

The remaining part of the raw materials used to obtain the metal was spent on the formation of the volume of gases released from the device into the outside atmosphere. The degree of purity obtained by processing the metal corresponded to a value of 99.999991%.

The obtained granules of titanium metal had overall dimensions of 8 to 10 mm.

The waste generated during the processing of raw materials was a powder of grains with dimensions of 0.5-1.5 mm.

The specific volume electric resistivity of this metal was equal to the value (13.3 N · Ohm · m.

Example 3. The processing obtained from particles of titanium ore ("ilmenite") aqueous suspension was carried out in accordance with the scheme specified in examples 1, 2.

The amount of titanium rock contained in the aqueous suspension used was 200 kg, or 57.14% of its total mass. The rest of its volume was represented by water - 150 liters, or 42.86%. The supply of compressed air to the processed raw materials was carried out under an excess pressure of 0.4 kgf / cm ² .

The screw was rotated at a speed of 8 rpm. The angle of inclination of the device to the horizon line was the same as in examples 1.2-15 °. The intensity of all the magnetic fields created in areas “D”, which were placed in the zones of action of all four generators used in the device, was 6 · 10 ⁵ A / m, and the frequency of the latter was 50 Hz. The time period after which the entire volume of the feedstock was processed into the desired final product was 111 minutes (1.85 hours). The resulting metal mass had a weight of 61.3 kg, or 30.65% of the total amount of ore used to produce it.

The weight of the waste volume formed together with the metal was 117.3 kg. The remaining mass of the raw material used to produce the metal was converted into gases, which were removed from the cavity of the device used to produce titanium, directly into the surrounding atmosphere. The overall dimensions of titanium granules obtained at the end of the process ranged from 10 to 12 mm.

The degree of purity of the granules formed in the above manner from the above granules with respect to the metal content in them was 99.999992%.

The specific volume electrical resistivity obtained using the proposed method of titanium corresponded to a value of 13.2 N · Ohm · m.

The overall dimensions of fine-grained powder waste formed at the end of the processing of raw materials amounted to 0.5-1.5 mm.

Of all the examples presented above, it is clearly seen that the production of titanium metal, which is characterized by a high degree of purity, and which also has corresponding low indices of its specific conductivity, can be carried out using widely used and used ore ore metallurgical production (“ilmenite”) .

When performing the proposed method, the latter are not subjected to purification from the impurities contained in them, represented by other elements common in nature. The presence of the above circumstances suggests that the application of the proposed method for the production of metallic titanium can be quite effective if used to meet the relevant needs of the metal in existing industrial production.

Further, in the materials presented below, structural principles are set forth in accordance with which the device used to implement this method is implemented. The presence of the latter, ultimately, ensures that the necessary positive effect is obtained in the process of its application.

Used to implement the proposed method, the device is shown in Fig.1-2.

Figure 1 shows a section of the housing of the device and the layout of the processing providing the raw materials of the magnetic circuits.

Figure 2 is a cross-section along aa of the device body, made in that part of it, on which the magnetic generator used in the multi-loop system is installed.

Figure 1-2, in addition, in turn, still depicted:

Position 1 - loading hopper, with the mass of processed feedstock 2 placed in its volume.

Position 2 - processed source material, consisting of pre-ground pieces of titanium ore and water.

Position 3 - the housing of the device, in the internal cavity of which the processing of the feedstock 2 proceeds.

Position 4 - spiral screw auger, the blades of which carry out the movement of processed raw materials from the front end of the housing 3 to its rear.

Position 5 - mounted on the casing 3 with the gaps "a" on the casing 3, the magnetic circuits processing raw materials having an angle of inclination to the outer surface of the casing equal to 90 °.

Position 6 - nozzles passing through the walls of the casing 3, supplying compressed air jets to the mass of the processed raw material and placed on the casing 3 in rows spaced from each other at equal distances.

Position 7 - hollow nozzles mounted on the front and rear parts of the housing 3, the lower end of which extends into the internal volume of the housing 3, and the upper provides a communication cavity of the latter with the outside atmosphere.

Position 8 - separating the lower end of the pipe 7 from the upper pressure reducing valve, which releases gas volumes coming from the cavity of the housing 3, in case the pressure in it exceeds the value set by its setting.

Position 9 - the storage hopper, which is the discharge obtained by processing in the cavity of the housing 3 of its final products.

Position 10 - granules of titanium metal falling into the volume of the storage hopper and powdered slag waste dumped there.

Position 11 - racks for fixing the housing 3 of the device at a given angle to the horizon line on its very base.

Position 12 - the same rack, providing fixation in a predetermined position used in the device magnetic circuits 5.

Position 13 is a shutter, by means of which the lower part of the hopper 9 is opened, in the case when the latter is completely filled.

Position 14 - magnetically conductive elements, circuit 5, with the help of which optimal conditions are created for the passage of the total magnetic flux generated in their volume.

Position 15 - electric winding coils that perform the function of solenoids and which, when included in the electric circuit, provide the formation of alternating magnetic fields.

Position 16 - made on the front and rear ends of the screw 4 of the axis, with which it is provided with its continuous rotation in the cavity of the housing 3.

Letters “A” - installation air gaps formed during installation of the housing 3 in the through groove “B” of the magnetic circuit.

The letter "B" - made in one of the components of the magnetic circuit of the elements 14 through the groove in the cavity of which is placed the housing 3 of the device used.

The letter "B" is formed in the housing 3, in the area adjacent to the lower end of the hopper 1 input opening, through which the supply of raw material into its internal cavity.

The letter "G" is a similar exit opening in building 3, through which the final products obtained therefrom are removed.

The letter "D" - spatial ellipsoids formed in the process of vibrational angular displacement generated by magnetic circuits 5 resulting vectors of total magnetic fluxes.

The letters "φ" are the angles of inclination of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the housing 3 to the horizon level - 10 ° -20 °, as well as the end planes of the generators 5 mounted on the housing 3 relative to the vertical line - 10 ° -20 °.

You should also pay attention to the fact that the device shown in Fig.1-2 for implementing the proposed method has the following features of its design, namely:

The casing 3 is fixed at a given angle to the horizon line to the base surface using a system of racks 11 (see Fig. 1). Similarly, the placement of the generators 5 used in the device and also mounted with an inclination to the outer surface of the housing 3 is carried out in the same way - i.e. using their supporting racks 12.

The rotation of the screw screw 4 is carried out on the axes 16 passing through the end walls of the housing 3 and fixed therein in the respective bearings (not shown in the drawing). One of these axes 16 has a kinematic connection with an external drive for rotating the screw 4 (not shown in the drawing). The flowing air jets to the raw material mass 2 of the nozzle 6 (see FIG. 1) are placed uniformly along the body of the housing 3, forming alternating rows. At the same time, they are, as it were, located along the perimeter of a square 3 obtained by section of the same building, if we mentally draw a secant plane through it located at a spatial angle to its longitudinal axis, the value of which is 90 ° (i.e., along the three components of the perimeter obtained thus the square, with the exception of its lowest component).

Nozzles 6 are also fixed at equal distances from each other and have relative to the surface to which they are attached, both tangential and radial angles of inclination of 30-45 ° (these angles are not shown in the drawing). The use of just such a arrangement of nozzles 6 on the outer surface of the housing 3 (i.e., at two angles of inclination) allows not only to supply the portions of the gas used for this process necessary for the reduction of metal from its compounds, but also to additionally carry out the moment of getting compressed air jets formed in them into the body cavity, intensive mixing of the last microvolumes of the processed raw materials located in the impact zone 2.

In order to simplify the design of the proposed device, its housing 3 in its cross section has the shape of a square, in the center of which is mounted a spiral screw screw rotating therein 4. Accordingly, the through groove "B", made for placement in the generators 5 of the housing 3, has a simple rectangular shape that is ensured by the presence of tilt angles (their end planes relative to the vertical).

It should also be indicated that figure 1 shows the magnetic circuits fixed on the housing 3 — the first of four attachable, mounted near its very front part, and the last - the fourth, most closely offset to its rear end.

The second and third of the circuits 5 in figure 1 are not shown, since they fell into the zone of the conditional gap, made about half of the entire length of the housing 3, to simplify the reading of the drawing.

All four generators 5 are placed along the housing 3 at the same distance from each other and from its front and rear ends.

The installation of all magnetic circuits 5 on the outer surface of the housing 3 of the proposed device is carried out using the through rectangular grooves “B” made in them, through which the body of the latter passes. In the process of mounting these magnetic generators 5 on the housing 3, the air gaps “a” marked in FIGS. 1-2 are created, the presence of which provides the possibility of their placement in these zones, evenly spaced along the entire length of the housing 3.

The work of the proposed device in the process of producing titanium from the raw materials used for this proceeds as follows.

After loading the raw material 2 into the cavity of the loading hopper 1, the rotary drive of the helical spiral screw 4 located in the cavity of the housing 3 is turned on. Simultaneously with the start of the turning of its curved blades included in this assembly, all the electrical windings of the coil 15 located in magnetically conductive elements 14 used in the composition of the device four magnetic circuits 5. At the same time, a pre-prepared plastic raw material mass of 2 cut loading hole "B" comes from the hopper 1 into the internal cavity of the housing 3.

Its volumes at the very first stage of the processing process fall into its front part lying in the uppermost zone of the device. It should be noted that the level of vertical placement of the structural elements of the housing 3 relative to the horizon is regulated by the appropriate selection of the length of the struts 11 used to fix its base (see figure 1). Portions of raw material entering the above region of the housing 3 are picked up by the curved blades of the rotating screw 4, mixed, and their total mass is divided with the participation of the latter into separate microvolumes that previously comprised it. Obtained in the above manner, small portions of the aqueous suspension 2, continuing to perform the process of such translational movement, fall into the zone of generation of a powerful magnetic flux "D", which is created using the very first of the four used generators 5 (see figure 1). Microvolumes of raw material 2 sent to this part of the cavity of the housing 3 inevitably intersect the force lines located there and concentrated on a relatively small area and form a rotating magnetic field generated in this region. You should also pay attention to the fact that towards the streams created using the screw 4, consisting of microvolumes of the raw material used, jets of compressed air are sent, which are formed in nozzles 6 mounted on the outer surface of the casing 6. The latter are connected to the compressed air supply under excessive pressure (0.1-0.6 kgf / cm ²⁾ of the external supply line (not shown) at the same time, when the operation entering and remaining service systems proposed processing stroystva (mains supply magnetic circuits 5, the feed screw rotation drive 4).

Due to the presence of radial and tangential angles of inclination of the nozzles 6 with respect to the outer surface of the housing 3 (not shown in the drawing), the compressed air jets formed by them, meeting with the same neighboring ones, form a kind of “swirl” at the intersection. Since the points of such a “crossing” of compressed air flows generated in the cavity 3, as a rule, fall into the zones of passage of the microvolumes of the raw materials 2 transported in it, meeting with their constituent layers, the “vortices” that arise there provide their additional and intensive mixing.

In addition, they also carry out their main function - they add carbon fragments to the molecular fragments activated by a powerful magnetic flux, which are part of the aqueous suspension used, to restore carbon to the metal. The latter, as noted earlier, is part of the carbon-containing gases present in ordinary atmospheric air.

Like other raw components, the molecules of these gases, falling into the “D” zone, are activated under the influence of a powerful magnetic flux generated in this region and are destroyed in it with the formation of carbon reducing agent in the above volume. The arrival of these ions to the maximum possible concentration of field lines generated in this part of the cavity of the body 3 of the magnetic field, activated with the participation of the latter, to the fragments of raw materials and provides optimal conditions for the process of reduction of metallic titanium from compounds containing this element. Thus, leaving the region of the internal cavity of the housing 3, placed in the installation zone of the first generator 5 and pushed by the screw 4, the mass of raw material is “enriched” with small crystalline nuclei of the metal obtained there. The latter are evenly distributed in its volume due to the ongoing process of intensive mixing of portions of raw material as rotating auger blades and jets of compressed air supplied to the housing 3.

After passing through the installation zone of the first circuit 5, the volumes of the water suspension 2 filling the cavity of the body 3 of the body 2, under the influence of the same blades rotating around the own longitudinal axis of the screw 4, are pushed further, already into the zone of generation of the magnetic flux created by the second circuit 5. The latter is separated from the first circuit 5 at a preselected and the same distance for arranging the magnetic loops used in the device (the second loop is not shown in the drawing, since it falls into the zone of conditionally executed times tearing the device into two approximately equal halves). The movement of the processed raw materials in the direction from the front end of the housing 3 to its rear is facilitated by the presence of an angle of inclination of its longitudinal axis to the horizon (for the device shown in figure 1, the angle is 15 °). When passing portions of the processed raw material through the same area “D” of the second magnetic circuit 5, located at a predetermined distance from the installation site of the very first, the magnetic flux generated there acts on the incoming and constituent last components. As a result of this, the same phenomena will also be observed in this zone that occurred during the conversion of such compounds into the required final product and in the installation area of the very first circuit of the same type.

The processes occurring in both cases do not have any significant differences. The only thing that should be noted is that the mass of raw material 2 that left the zone of the second magnetic circuit 5 will be enriched to a large degree by new metal crystals additionally formed in this region. At the same time, the latter, previously formed in the installation area of the very first generator, will increase their initial dimensions due to the addition of small crystals of this metal newly formed in the zone of influence of the second-circuit flow to the outer layers of the crystal lattice that constitute them. An increase in the size of the previously obtained “nuclei” will also occur due to the reduction of small particles of titanium ore converted to metal earlier adhering to their surface. That is, at the same time, the process of converting the “fur coat” covering them into a metal crystal lattice, which grows on the latter using the external components of these “embryos” layers as a material base used for this, proceeds as the specified stage of processing continues. This kind of "enriched", obtained in these areas by metal raw material mass 2 moves further along the plane of the casing 3 installed with the slope used for processing the device. “Pushing” it in the direction from its front to the back, as already noted, continues to be carried out by curved blades of a screw screw 4 continuously rotating on the axes 16. Following this predetermined design of the device used, the trajectory “laid” in the cavity of the housing 3, microvolumes already saturated with metal at the previous stages of processing the raw material, ultimately, they approach the area of intensively performed exposure to magnetic flux, which is formed in the same zone “D” on the installation site at rpuse 3 is the third generator 5.

In the above region, all the same processes will be observed that took place in previously analyzed cases and the characteristic features of the course of which were considered in detail when analyzing the phenomena accompanying the reduction of metal from its raw materials, performed in the zones of influence formed by the first and second contours of 5 magnetic fields. Again, the slight differences that are revealed after the processed portions pass through the raw material mass and this one located in the installation area of the third area contour 5 should include the presence of the following circumstance.

In the volumes of the processed material that passed the installation zone of the third magnetic generator, the particles of the titanium ore included in the feedstock are practically no longer contained. Separate “grains” of the latter are captured by enlarged granules of metal obtained there grown in the zone of influence of the third circuit. The remaining small “grains” of titanium compounds remaining after passing through this above section are completely used up to form a kind of coating (“fur coats”) consisting of them on the outer surface of the latter.

Metal pellets clad in it ultimately leave this zone. The accumulation formed there is transferred by the feeding screw 4 to other regions of the cavity of the housing 3 located at a distance from it, moving further and further towards the rear end of the latter (the third circuit 5, like the second, falls into the zone of the conditional rupture of the device’s body, the drawing is not shown), sequentially passing along this path along its entire surface. Obtained earlier, this indicated accumulation of metal granules ultimately ends up in zone “D”, falling under the influence of magnetic flux generated by the last of the number of generators used in the device, i.e. the fourth magnetic circuit 5. It should also be noted that in the process of passing through the above region, also located directly on the path of movement of the used raw material, the entire complex of necessary products obtained in the previous stages of processing the accumulations of the raw product processed in the device almost completely ends structural transformations.

The metal granules entering as individual components of the above clusters at this point in time acquire a degree of purity, determined by the percentage of titanium in them, which makes it possible to attribute this product to the group “having reached the required I standards”. Upon completion of the set of necessary transformations of the feedstock, performed in the zone of influence of the aforementioned magnetic flux obtained using the fourth magnetic generator, the small particles of ore adhering to the surface of the granules passing through it and forming the original non-metallic coating are transformed into new layers enveloping them, consisting of the same titanium.

Due to the presence of all the above circumstances, the process of enlargement of crystalline “nuclei” located in this region proceeds, which additionally increase their originally obtained overall dimensions.

In addition, this same effect will take place when small crystalline “grains” of titanium are “stuck” together in the same zone, and when they are interconnected, sufficiently large pieces of metal are formed.

Thus, at this final stage of processing, the entire initial raw material mass is completely processed, and the granules of metal 10 obtained in the installation area of the last fourth magnetic circuit 5 are transported from it by the screw 4 continuing to rotate around its own longitudinal axis, freeing this zone from its presence and ending up in the rear end of the housing 3 of the device used. Having reached this indicated part of it, which occupies a horizontal level lower than the one used to place the upper end of the housing 3, the granules 10, as well as the fine-grained slags formed with them, encounter an exit opening located directly in the direction of their movement " G "(see figure 1). Because of this, all of the above products fall into the last and, ultimately, fall to the bottom of the storage hopper 9. As the cavity is filled with the above components, the shutter 13 is opened, which ensures their removal with the pouring of the latter into the technological container used for this (not shown in the drawing). If it is necessary to preserve the degree of purity of the metal obtained by processing, both the accumulation of its granules and their subsequent transportation can be carried out under a layer of a protective atmosphere consisting of inert gas - argon (not shown in the drawing).

The decrease in the volume of the initial raw material 2 as it is consumed is compensated by the supply of new portions of the latter from the cavity of the loading hopper 1, communicating with the volume of the housing 3 through the input opening "B" (see figure 1). Their arrival in the indicated part of the device body from the cavity of the hopper 1, i.e. in its front end, carried by gravity.

As the cost increases placed in the feed hopper of the original raw material 2, the latter is loaded with its new volumes. Due to this, the process of processing raw materials into metal is performed in the proposed device without any stops and interruptions.

Since in the process of metal recovery from its compounds in the zone of its flow, volumes of gases previously absent there are formed, forming so-called gas "bubbles" in the cavity of the housing 3, therefore, the magnitude of the excess pressure created there increases, to eliminate the possible negative impact of these factors a periodic discharge of these volatile compounds accumulated in the body cavity is carried out directly into the external atmosphere.

Removal of the latter, as well as excess volumes of compressed air supplied to the housing 3, is carried out using the nozzles installed directly on its front and rear parts that communicate directly with its cavity. The opening of the latter is carried out by pressure reducing valves 8 at times when the amount of excess pressure in the cavity of the housing 3 exceeds that set by the processing technology. The adjustment of the moment of operation of the locking elements in the valves 8 is made taking into account this thus determined value of the excess pressure (see figure 1).

Due to all of the above, the unimpeded movement of the processed raw material mass 2 along the entire cavity of the housing 3 is ensured without any stops there due to a local increase in the amount of overpressure in its individual sections.

The external electric power supply units of the magnetic circuits 5 used in the device are additionally equipped with electronic control circuits, with the help of which the necessary changes are made to the frequency of the alternating electric current supplied to the coil windings 15, its strength and voltage (not shown in the drawing). This makes it possible to obtain magnetic fields in the processing zone with predetermined values of their intensity, as well as their frequency.

The minimum possible number of magnetic circuits servicing the device corresponds to two, however, in this case, it is necessary to use a low-speed drive for rotating the feed screw, which creates additional difficulties in the process of its operation and maintenance.

The maximum possible number of the latter can reach up to six units. A further increase in their number above the specified value leads to the fact that all these additional generators will work almost “idle”.

In addition, the use of magnetic circuits in such an amount that exceeds the above limit leads to the complication of the device used for processing raw materials and adversely affects its performance.

As the most optimal option in the proposed device design, a magnetic system was used that included four circuits. The presence of a positive influence of this circumstance also ensured a sufficiently high efficiency in the implementation of the above technology for processing raw materials, due to the use of this particular version of such a design of the proposed device. Achieved in the process of use to achieve the above goals of this type of the proposed device design, the technical and economic indicators characterizing the degree of efficiency of the processing performed with its help made it possible to determine the following.

With a device length of 1.5 m and its width, taking into account the dimensions of the systems serving it, of 1.2 m, as well as with a thickness and height of its body of 0.2 × 0.2 m and in the case of its operation using a three-shift mode, obtaining 0.7-0.8 tons of titanium metal in one day. The purity of the obtained metal was 99.999992%. The sizes of titanium granules formed with it had a value of 6 to 12 mm. Electricity consumption per ton of metal obtained is 2.0-2.5 thousand kW / h.

A titanium concentrate obtained from a rock containing titanium and iron compounds (“ilmenite”), the deposit of which was located near the place of its processing, was used as the initial raw material containing titanium compounds.

To separate the final products collected in the cavity of the storage hopper, i.e. granules of metallic titanium and powdered slag discharged into it, the mass of this material extracted from the hopper was passed through a system consisting of a set of ordinary calibrated sieves.

Since the above components have significant differences in overall dimensions, after passing these products accumulated in the hopper 9 through the aforementioned calibration system, they are easily divided into fractions that comprise the total bulk mass - granules of titanium metal and synthesized during processing from impurities included in the feedstock slag waste.

To supply air to the dispensing nozzles 6, an external supply line is used (not shown in the drawing), compressed air under excessive pressure into which is supplied using a conventional compressor. The above compressor may be of any design.

To carry out repairs or necessary maintenance of the installation operating in the “continuous” mode, the time moment is selected when the loading hopper 2, as well as the entire volume of the cavity of the housing 3 will be freed from the raw material passing through them, i.e. the latter must be worked out to zero.

After that, all service devices of the system are disconnected - i.e. all the constituent magnetic circuits 5 of the winding coil 15 are disconnected from the power source, and the rotation drive of the feed screw 4 is stopped and the external line supplying compressed air to the nozzles 6 is shut off.

At the end of all the above steps, the device can be used to carry out the necessary complex of work on it, ensuring the possibility of using it for further operation.

Re-launch it in the work as follows. First of all, the loading hopper 1 is filled with the necessary volume of processed raw materials 2, then, in the above order, all the systems serving the device are turned on, and after that the process of processing the raw materials 2 into metal proceeds in accordance with the above execution scheme (i.e., again the so-called “continuous cycle” is used).

Given all of the above, we can come to the following conclusion. Using the proposed method for producing metallic titanium, as well as the device used for its implementation, provides a significant reduction in the cost of electric energy required for processing the feedstock into the final product. That is, the application of the proposed technical solutions creates the conditions for reducing its consumption by 8-15 times in relation to the amount needed when performing a multi-stage process for the recovery of titanium from its ore, carried out using complex metallurgical equipment consisting of various types of complex technological systems.

In addition, in the case of processing the raw material containing titanium compounds using the proposed method, the use of substances and materials (gaseous chlorine, solid coke) completely eliminates the formation of gases generated by the use of the atmosphere (HCl, Cl, CO, phosgene) can lead to environmental pollution of this production environment and harm human health.

It should also be noted that, in contrast to the currently known methods for this kind of metal production technology, carried out using the proposed method, ores containing any possible forms of nature can be used as suitable starting materials for its implementation. titanium compounds processed into concentrates containing it.

The process of obtaining this metal from ore raw materials, which had never before been considered suitable for industrial use, can be carried out continuously without any additional technological stops.

The metal obtained from non-deficient and widespread in the natural environment of titanium breed metal is characterized by a high degree of purity of 99.999992% and the same indicators of electrical conductivity, refractoriness, has a low specific bulk density and can be used to satisfy all these qualities the needs of existing industrial production without additional operations to finish it.

The introduction of the proposed process, as well as the device used during its implementation, into production does not require attracting significant investment and is not associated with the need to use significant labor costs, as well as the long lead times required for the preparation of production.

The selection of materials and components included in the composition of the proposed device was made taking into account the possibility of being used as the last similar, widespread and used in equipment designed to perform technologies similar to the proposed one.

This proposed device itself is characterized by a high degree of simplicity of its design and, as a result, has increased operational reliability.

Claims (6)

1. A method of producing metallic titanium, comprising forming an initial raw material mass in the form of an aqueous suspension containing titanium compounds obtained by introducing particles containing titanium compounds into a predetermined volume of water, moving the initial raw material mass through successive treatment zones in which metal is reduced from using carbon, which is part of the gases containing it, supplied to the said working zones, and through the influence of the variables generated in these zones rotating magnetic fields, the deposition of the obtained metal particles with their accumulation and subsequent unloading of the finished metal, and the process is carried out without stopping the processing of raw materials, characterized in that they use an aqueous suspension in which the dispersion of particles in the form of ore containing titanium compounds is within 0.001-1.0 mm, in this case magnetic fields are used, the intensity of which in the working areas of the treatment is 1 · 10 ⁴ -1 · 10 ⁶ A / m, and the frequency is 40-70 Hz, in an amount from 2 to 6, and the finished metal is obtained in the form of granules of titanium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the treatment process, compressed gas jets are supplied under an overpressure of 0.1-0.6 kgf / cm ² . 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the movement of the feedstock is carried out through sequentially located processing zones under conditions of continuous mechanical mixing of the feedstock, performed throughout the entire travel path, using a screw rotating around its axis. 4. A device for producing metallic titanium by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, containing a hollow body, designed to accommodate the processed feedstock in its cavity, power working elements that provide the formation of acting on the ore particles containing titanium compounds, and molecules of a reducing agent of an alternating rotating magnetic field, which are made in the form of solenoid coils and connected to an external source of electrical power, and the cavity of the housing is isolated from its external environment, and work items in an amount of 2 to 6 pieces are made of docked x between each other plates of magnetically conductive material in the form of a closed rectangular circuit, and in the body of the individual parts of these circuits there are three electric coil windings in each separate circuit that perform the functions of solenoids, and each of them is connected to the corresponding separate phase of an external three-phase source power supply, while in one of the working elements that is part of each of the circuits used in the device, a through groove is made, the dimensions of which provide placement mentioned hollow body, while the body is located in the above-mentioned contours sequentially installed at an equal distance from each other and is covered from its outer surface by magnetically conducting elements forming this through groove, the body being equipped with a feedstock located in its cavity and moving in the cavity in the direction from the front zone of the housing to its rear part, a screw rotating around its axis, having its own drive, providing angular movements with a given at the same time, at the same time, on the outer surface of the housing, at a slope with respect to the latter, rows of compressed gas nozzles supplying uniformly spaced one from another are placed, a hole is made in the front end of the housing that communicates with the cavity of the loading hopper located above it, and the rear end of the housing is equipped with a hatch for unloading the finished metal in the form of titanium granules into a drive installed under the hatch. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the housing is mounted with a slope of its longitudinal axis of symmetry to the level of the horizon, while its front end is raised, the rear end is lowered, and the angle of inclination is 10-20 °.       6. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 4 or 5, characterized in that hollow tubes passing through its walls are mounted on the housing, mounted from its front and rear ends and equipped with pressure reducing valves, the cavity of the latter being directly connected to the internal volume of the housing.

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