CN102921536B - Method for recycling chromium from serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings - Google Patents
Method for recycling chromium from serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for recycling chromium from serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings. The method is characterized by comprising that particle sizes of the serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings are crushed to be less than or equal to 3mm; tailing particles are subjected to wet grinding in a ball mill by adding water until at least 95% of slurry particles are larger than or equal to 500 meshes; the concentration of the obtained slurry is regulated to be in a range from 20% to 60% by adding water, and parts containing chromium are separated by using a gravity concentrator with a water gravity separation process. According to the method, the serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings are regarded as associated minerals of multiple metals and nonmetal of nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold, magnesium, calcium, silica and the like, and particularly, the serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings are regarded as a unique novel chromium mine resource. The serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings are used comprehensively by using innovated mineral separation processes, sintering processes and smelting processes and the method is mainly used for recycling chromium elements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, recycling chromium.
Background technology
The chrysotile rock belongs to alumina magnesia silicate, and chrysotile claims again chrysotile, its theoretical chemistry composition Mg
6Si
4O
10(OH)
8, contain MgO 43.00%, SiO
244.10%, H
2O 12.9%; The fiber serpentinite belongs to layer structure.Except containing asbestos, also contain nickel, chromium Cr, cobalt Co, iron Fe, copper Cu, golden Au, silver-colored Ag, calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, aluminium Al, plumbous pb, zinc Zn, potassium K, sodium Na, manganese Mn, titanium Ti, tin Sn, rubidium Rb, strontium Sr, yttrium Y, zirconium Zr, hafnium Hf, cerium Ce, barium Ba, cadmium Cd, uranium U, gallium Ga, niobium Nb, tungsten W, silicon Si, sulphur S, phosphorus P etc. in the chrysotile rock.
At present, the chrysotile rock selects the technique of asbestos to be: the chrysotile rock blows when granularity is 0.00 to 6.00mm after crushed and selects asbestos, whenever select 1 ton of 3～5 grades of qualified asbestos and need use 26～28 tons in chrysotile rock wool ore, be that 1 ton of finished product asbestos of every product will produce 25～27 tons of mine tailings, the generation of mine tailing and deposit and taken a large amount of soils, and environment is caused serious pollution and destruction.
Asbestos tailings is never effectively administered and is fully utilized, this has not only caused the significant wastage of the resources such as the nickel in the asbestos tailings, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold, cause simultaneously the heavy damage of mining area periphery ecological environment, hindered mining area periphery society and economic normal development.
Because chrysotile lithotype chrysotile and other metal and nonmetal deposits thing associations are in same ore body.So this chrysotile rock also contains various metals and the nonmetalloids such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold, calcium, magnesium, silicon except containing asbestos.Be actually a kind of typical many metals and how nonmetal associated minerals, especially a kind of special rare many metals of precious metal associated minerals.Through electron microscope observation, this asbestos rock is serpentinite, and take serpentine as main, content accounts for 70%, and remainder contains chlorite, pyroxene, bastite, and content accounts for 30%.
The percentage of its raw ore analysis result is: nickel 0.22, chromium Cr 0.22, cobalt Co 0.015, iron Fe 5.37, copper Cu 0.0080, calcium Ca 0.56, magnesium Mg 22.49, aluminium A11.07, zinc Zn 0.008, plumbous pb 0.030, potassium K 0.039, sodium Na 0.066, titanium Ti 0.035, strontium Sr 0.003, silicon Si 18.02, sulphur S 0.015, phosphorus P 0.034, arsenic As 0.16, oxygen O 49.60.In addition, golden Au 0.050 gram per ton～0.170 gram.
According to the repeated detection result, the chromium content in this chrysotile rock raw ore is 0.22%.At present, world's chromium resource is in short supply, and Chinese chromium resource is very deficient especially, and China is that chromium resource the biggest in the world consumes state now.At present, the chromium manufacturing enterprise of the domestic the ferroalloy industry chromium product that utilizes national traditional chrome ore to produce can't satisfy national economic development demand at all.Nearly 90 percent above chromium ore resource and nearly chromium product dependence on import more than 30 percent.Chromium held at high price in recent years, and the chromium product price that contains chromium 99% per ton is 1.5 ten thousand yuan to 1.8 ten thousand yuan of RMB, reaches 2.5 ten thousand yuan when the highest.When chromium metal during for the production of chromium-containing stainless steel and chromium base special steel, to calculate with the current electrolysis chromium market price, each contains the chromium percentage point and amounts to 150 yuan to 180 yuan of RMB.When containing chromium 0.22% during asbestos tailings is per ton, existing market is worth and is 33 yuan to 39.6 yuan of RMB.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, recycling chromium, can the asbestos tailings of chrysotile lithotype be fully utilized, thus recycling chromium element wherein.
A kind of method of recycling chromium from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, its special feature is, comprises the steps:
(1) chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is crushed to granularity≤3mm;
(2) the mine tailing particle that obtains is added water with ball mill and carry out wet lapping, until at least 95% in the ore pulp particle is more than or equal to 500 orders; Add water the pulp density that obtains is adjusted to 20%～60%, then will contain chromium with gravity concentrator with the water gravity separation method and partly select and get final product.
Add water with ball mill in the step (2) and carry out wet lapping and specifically refer to, the feed preparation unit size≤3mm that grinds for the first time, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 65%: 35%, is ground to granularity 〉=200 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=70.00%; Carry out afterwards adding the second time fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 60%: 40%, is ground to granularity 〉=400 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00%; Add for the third time afterwards fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 80%: 20%, is ground to granularity 〉=500 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00% and gets final product.
The chrome mineral part that contains that step (2) obtains is smelted according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making as raw material, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
Gravity concentrator in the step (2) adopts ore dressing to stir the Gravity separation machine with the liquid mine pulp spiral, and it is made of by the Gravity separation unit of pipeline connection successively at least 2 groups, and the terrain clearance of all Gravity separation unit increases successively or successively reduction; Wherein the Gravity separation unit comprises agitator, in this agitator, propeller is installed, thereby this propeller and driving mechanism are in transmission connection and drive the propeller rotation, and are provided with the discharge mouth of pipe in the agitator bottom, at this discharge mouth of pipe valve are installed.
Further, wherein the difference in height between any two groups of adjacent Gravity separation unit all equates; Wherein below every group of Gravity separation unit, be equipped with the charge pond; Wherein driving mechanism by motor with form with its supporting decelerator that is connected, the output shaft of this decelerator is connected with the transmission of rotary axis of propeller; Wherein agitator adopts steel matter; Support wherein is installed above agitator, and an end of propeller is installed on this support by bearing, its other end stretches in the agitator; Wherein the bottom of agitator is the cone shape of pointed end, and the height of this cone shape part accounts for the 20%-60% of agitator height; Wherein in inboard or the outside of agitator bottom cone shape part at least 2 group electromagnet are installed along the circumferential direction, and the magnetic field intensity of this electromagnet is 1200～8000 oersteds; Wherein electromagnet is the 2-12 group, and electromagnet evenly distributes along cone shape circumferencial direction partly.
A kind of method of recycling chromium from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, its special feature is, comprises the steps:
(1) chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is crushed to granularity≤3mm;
(2) the mine tailing particle that obtains is at the uniform velocity poured in the feed bin of strong magnetic separator top with tape transport, make the mine tailing particle from the feed bin equably the magnetic that rotates to strong magnetic separator of dispenser roll the surface and carry out magnetic separator, obtain the magnetic-particle mineral, because these magnetic-particle mineral with contain the tight association of chrome mineral, sort out together so utilize the magnetic-particle mineral will contain chrome mineral.
(3) will obtain contain chrome mineral and add water and carry out wet lapping with ball mill after, again carry out trickle magnetic-particle mineral part and trickle non-magnetic particle mineral part that magnetic separator obtains respectively, wherein trickle magnetic-particle mineral partly have the chrome mineral of containing part, and trickle non-magnetic particle mineral part also has the chrome mineral of containing part;
The trickle non-magnetic particle mineral that (4) will obtain partly will contain chrome mineral part with gravity concentrator with the water gravity separation method and separate with other parts and get final product.
Add water with ball mill in the step (3) and carry out wet lapping and specifically refer to, the feed preparation unit size≤3mm that grinds for the first time, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 65%: 35%, is ground to granularity 〉=200 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=70.00%; Carry out afterwards adding the second time fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 60%: 40%, is ground to granularity 〉=400 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00%; Add for the third time afterwards fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 80%: 20%, is ground to granularity 〉=500 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00% and gets final product.
The chrome mineral that contains that the magnetic-particle mineral part that step (3) is obtained and step (4) obtain is partly smelted according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making as raw material jointly, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
Gravity concentrator in the step (4) is made of by the Gravity separation unit of pipeline connection successively at least 2 groups, and the terrain clearance of all Gravity separation unit increases successively or successively reduction; Wherein the Gravity separation unit comprises agitator, in this agitator, propeller is installed, thereby this propeller and driving mechanism are in transmission connection and drive the propeller rotation, and be cone point cone down bottom agitator, most advanced and sophisticated place is provided with the discharge mouth of pipe, at this discharge mouth of pipe valve is installed.
Further, wherein the difference in height between any two groups of adjacent Gravity separation unit all equates; Wherein below every group of Gravity separation unit, be equipped with the charge pond; Wherein driving mechanism by motor with form with its supporting decelerator that is connected, the output shaft of this decelerator is connected with the transmission of rotary axis of propeller; Wherein agitator adopts steel matter or non-steel matter; Support wherein is installed above agitator, and an end of propeller is installed on this support by bearing, its other end stretches in the agitator; Wherein the bottom of agitator is the cone shape of pointed end, and the height of this cone shape part accounts for the 20%-60% of agitator height; Wherein in inboard or the outside of agitator bottom cone shape part at least 2 group electromagnet are installed along the circumferential direction, and the magnetic field intensity of this electromagnet is 1200～8000 oersteds; Wherein electromagnet is the 2-12 group, and electromagnet evenly distributes along cone shape circumferencial direction partly.
The inventive method is many metals and the nonmetallic associated minerals that the asbestos tailings with the chrysotile lithotype is considered as a kind of nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold, magnesium, calcium, silicon etc., especially the asbestos tailings of chrysotile lithotype is regarded as a kind of novel chromium ore resource of uniqueness.Utilize ore-dressing technique, sintering process, the smelting process of innovation that the asbestos tailings of chrysotile lithotype is fully utilized, the main chromium element that reclaims, and the nickel of chromium element and association thereof, cobalt, ferro element smelted into the pig iron of Ni and Cr contained cobalt, and further this pig iron is changed into nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel or nickel-chromium base special steel.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 stirs Gravity separation machine schematic diagram for the ore dressing that the present invention adopts with the liquid mine pulp spiral.
The specific embodiment
Gravity concentrator of the present invention is that ore dressing is stirred the Gravity separation machine with the liquid mine pulp spiral:
As shown in Figure 1, by 5 groups successively the Gravity separation unit by pipeline connection form, less or more groups of Gravity separation unit also can be set certainly as required, and the terrain clearance of all Gravity separation unit increases successively or reduce successively; Wherein the Gravity separation unit comprises the agitator 4 of steel matter or non-steel matter, the steel plate of agitator 4 or non-steel scutum thickness be respectively 10mm or 〉=10mm, the bottom of agitator 4 is the cone shape of pointed end, the height of this cone shape part 5 accounts for the 20%-60% of agitator 4 height, and that the part on the bottom is is cylindric.In this agitator 4, propeller 3 is installed, driving propeller 3 rotations thereby this propeller 3 and driving mechanism are in transmission connection, and be provided with the discharge mouth of pipe 8 in agitator 4 bottoms, at this discharge mouth of pipe 8 valve 7 is installed.
As shown in Figure 1, difference in height between any two groups of adjacent Gravity separation unit all equates, and below every group of Gravity separation unit, be equipped with charge pond 9, and driving mechanism by motor 1 with form with its supporting decelerator that is connected 2, the output shaft of this decelerator 2 is connected with the transmission of rotary axis of propeller 3, thereby makes the rotating speed of propeller 3 adjustable.And support is installed above agitator 4, and an end of propeller 3 is installed on this support by bearing, its other end stretches in the agitator 4.Driving mechanism can be installed on this support, perhaps is installed on other support of this support top.
In the outside of agitator 4 bottom cone shape parts 5 at least 2 group electromagnet 6 are installed along the circumferential direction in addition, and magnetic field intensity 1200～8000 oersteds of this electromagnet 6, the quantity of electromagnet 6 is specially 2-12 group, and electromagnet 6 evenly distributes along the circumferencial direction in cone shape part 5 outsides.
This ore dressing with using method and the operation principle that the liquid mine pulp spiral stirs the Gravity separation machine is:
Electromagnet 6 can be switched on when Gravity separation used, and the magnetic field intensity of electromagnet 6 is transmitted to the steel plate inwall by the steel plate of cone shape part 5, makes it to form magnetic field, and this magnetic field is adsorbed on the steel plate inwall magnetisable material and the weak magnetic substance in the ore pulp.When electromagnet 6 was cut off power supply, magnetic field disappeared thereupon, and the magnetisable material and the weak magnetic substance that originally were adsorbed onto on the steel plate inwall by magnetic field break away from the pointed cone place that magnetic field is slipped to cone shape part 5.
Wherein the function of propeller 3 is: make the mortar flow direction and the flow velocity motion in accordance with regulations of fluidization in the agitator.When propeller 3 rotates, make the ore pulp spiral stir rotation, the different particle of the various density in the ore pulp is under Action of Gravity Field, and the overwhelming majority is layering and precipitating gradually, from cone shape part 5 bottoms up, grain density forms the beds of precipitation successively according to descending gradient.During electromagnet 6 energising, the magnetic field intensity of utilizing electromagnet 6 is adsorbed onto the mixture of magnetic or weak magnetic substance on agitator 4 inwalls internally by the outer cover of steel plate of cone shape part 5, and the acting in conjunction under Action of Gravity Field of other namagnetic substances, make the overwhelming majority layering and precipitating gradually in the various density variable grains in the ore pulp, finally from the bottom of cone shape part 5 up, grain density forms the beds of precipitation successively according to descending gradient.
The shape of propeller 3, rotating speed Self-adjustment as required in every group of Gravity separation unit.
As shown in Figure 1, ore pulp passes through pipeline successively to lower next Gravity separation unit dispatch under Action of Gravity Field, clearly, should inject the ore pulp that treat Gravity separation in overhead the highest Gravity separation unit during use.
When the full magnetic of cone shape part 5 precipitations in the single agitator 4 or weak magnetic substance and non magnetic heavy metal compound thereof, close the power supply of electromagnet 6, its outage is lost magnetism, open the valve 7 at the agitator 4 bottom discharging mouths of pipe 8 places, the ore pulp that discharge is selected makes its charge pond 9 that enters the below can finish Gravity separation.
Clearly, by quantity, difference in height, internal helicoid paddle 3 shapes and the rotating speed of adjusting the Gravity separation unit, the magnetic field intensity of electromagnet 6, the concentration of ore pulp, can select as required specific composition in the ore pulp.
Embodiment 1:
One of recoverying and utilizing method that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of method of recycling chromium from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings comprises the steps:
(1) chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is crushed to granularity≤3mm;
(2) the mine tailing particle that obtains is added water with ball mill and carry out wet lapping, until at least 95% in the ore pulp particle is more than or equal to 500 orders; Add water the pulp density that obtains is adjusted to 20%～60% (be mineral weight account for the ore pulp gross weight 20%, the weight of water accounts for 80% of ore pulp gross weight, other are by that analogy), then stir the Gravity separation machine with ore dressing with the liquid mine pulp spiral and will contain chromium with the water gravity separation method and partly select and get final product.
Because the density of chromium is every cubic centimetre of 7.2 gram, the density of iron is every cubic centimetre of 7.8 gram, the density that is chromium compound micel density ratio iron compound micel is smaller, to contain chromium compound with liquid mine pulp spiral stirring Gravity separation machine with the water gravity separation method with ore dressing separates, then in the cone pointed cone container of agitator Lower Half, obtain containing chromium compound, and the compound of other heavy metals.When containing the tight association such as chrome mineral and iron-bearing mineral, nickel-containing mineral, taken out of by the magnetic-particle material, all the other contain chrome mineral part grain density less than the density of nickel-containing mineral, iron-bearing mineral particle, the particulate fraction that contains chrome mineral during gravity treatment is deposited on other heavy metallic mineral beds of precipitation, under other nonmetallic mineral beds of precipitation.The quantity that contains chromium compound in each agitator Lower Half cone pointed cone container reduces successively gradually, until close to zero.
Add water with ball mill in the step (2) and carry out wet lapping and specifically refer to, the feed preparation unit size≤3mm that grinds for the first time, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 65%: 35%, is ground to granularity 〉=200 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=70.00%; Carry out afterwards adding the second time fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 60%: 40%, is ground to granularity 〉=400 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00%; Add for the third time afterwards fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 80%: 20%, is ground to granularity 〉=500 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00% and gets final product.
The chrome mineral part that contains that step (2) obtains is smelted according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making as raw material, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
Ball mill wherein is electric ball grinding machine and the auxiliary facility thereof that general ore dressing is used, and the output size is determined according to the size of ball mill.
Adopt above-mentioned technique, the heavy metal rate of recovery such as the nickel in the chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold are 70%～90%.
Embodiment 2:
Two of the recoverying and utilizing method that the present invention adopts is:
(1) chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is crushed to granularity≤3mm; The chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings powder of granularity≤3mm after the fragmentation is carried out ore dressing with strong magnetic separator; Specifically with mine conveying belt the asbestos tailings powder is transported in the feed bin of strong magnetic separator top, control its from the feed bin equably dispenser roll the surface to strong magnetic separator magnetic, and the rotating speed that its magnetic is rolled according to the rules evenly rotates.
Because the common association such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold in the chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, some is magnetic iron ore for iron wherein, and this step magnetic that to be the magnetic of utilizing magnetic iron ore be adsorbed onto strong magnetic separator to associated minerals such as magnet and other nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold rolls on.
When wherein magnetic rolls magnetic particles material thickness that absorption contains the associated minerals of magnet and acquires a certain degree, with baffle plate the magnetic particles material that adsorbs is scraped.The magnetic particles material that scrapes falls among the feed bin of lower magnetic powder-granule material, or puts the place with the magnetic particles stockpile that conveyer belt is sent to appointment.
The surperficial mean intensity that strong magnetic separator magnetic rolls is 4200 oersted to 8000 oersteds or more than 8000 oersteds.Baffle plate rolls surface distance 12mm apart from strong magnetic magnetic, and magnetic rolls speed 75rpm.
The magnetic powder-granule materials nickeliferous 0.44% such as nickeliferous, the chromium that reclaims in the chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, cobalt, iron, gold; Contain chromium 0.59%; Contain cobalt 0.032%; Iron content 26.43%; Contain below gold 0.1 gram per ton.Use above-mentioned technique, the rate of recovery of nickel is 25%; The chromium recovery rate is 31.8%; The recovery of Co rate is 26.6%; The rate of recovery of iron is 61.5%; Gold recovery is 12.5%.
(2) will obtain contain chromium part and add water and carry out wet lapping with ball mill after, again carry out magnetic separator and obtain respectively magnetic-particle mineral part and non-magnetic particle mineral part, wherein in the magnetic-particle mineral part chrome mineral of containing part is arranged, non-magnetic particle mineral part also contains the chrome mineral part.
Add water with ball mill and carry out wet lapping and specifically refer to, the feed preparation unit size≤3mm that grinds for the first time, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 65%: 35%, is ground to granularity 〉=200 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=70.00%; Carry out afterwards adding the second time fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 60%: 40%, is ground to granularity 〉=400 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00%; Add for the third time afterwards fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 80%: 20%, is ground to granularity 〉=500 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00% and gets final product.
(3) the non-magnetic particle mineral that obtain part being stirred the Gravity separation machine with ore dressing with the liquid mine pulp spiral will contain chromium with the water gravity separation method and partly separate with other parts and get final product.
Because it is smaller that these mineral contain the density of chromium compound micel density ratio iron compound micel, to contain chromium compound with liquid mine pulp spiral stirring Gravity separation machine with the water gravity separation method with ore dressing separates, then in the cone pointed cone container of agitator Lower Half, obtain containing chromium compound, and the compound of other heavy metals.When containing the tight association such as chrome mineral and iron-bearing mineral, nickel-containing mineral, taken out of by the magnetic-particle material, all the other contain chrome mineral part grain density less than the density of nickel-containing mineral, iron-bearing mineral particle, the particulate fraction that contains chrome mineral during gravity treatment is deposited on other heavy metallic mineral beds of precipitation, under other nonmetallic mineral beds of precipitation.The quantity that contains chromium compound in each agitator Lower Half cone pointed cone container reduces successively gradually, until close to zero.
The chrome mineral that contains that the magnetic-particle mineral part that step (2) is obtained and step (3) obtain is partly smelted according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making as raw material jointly, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
Use above-mentioned technique, the rate of recovery of nickel is 13.0%; The chromium recovery rate is 18.1%; The recovery of Co rate is 14.1%; The rate of recovery of iron is 47.7%; Gold recovery is 4.1%.
For the accompaniments such as other non magnetic iron compound and nickel thereof, chromium, cobalt, gold in the ore pulp, and the accompaniments such as weak magnetism compound and nickel thereof, chromium, cobalt, gold, adopt ore dressing to carry out the water gravity treatment with liquid mine pulp spiral stirring Gravity separation machine by the water gravity separation technology and select.The wet magnetic separation feed preparation unit size is≤3mm feed ore concentration 35%.
Use above-mentioned technique, the wet magnetic separation feed preparation unit size is≤3mm feed ore concentration 15%～20%.When the rate of recovery such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold were 70%～90% in the chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, the rate of recovery of nickel was 8.33%～10.71%; The chromium recovery rate is 10.71%～13.77%; The recovery of Co rate is 8.75%～11.25%; The rate of recovery of iron is 9.59%～12.33%; Gold recovery is 5.74%～7.38%.
Be example with XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace below, with embodiment 1,2 obtain to contain the method that chromium partly makes steel as follows:
(1) embodiment 2 obtains contains the accompaniments such as magnet compound and nickel thereof, chromium, cobalt, gold, and wherein iron content 58.00% to 61.60%; Nickeliferous 0.44% to 0.69%; Contain chromium 0.59% to 0.96%; Contain cobalt 0.032% to 0.051%; Contain below gold 0.1 gram per ton; Sulfur-bearing, phosphorus all do not exceed standard; Siliceous 6.40% to 6.17%; Also contain a small amount of magnesia, calcium oxide etc.
Embodiment 1 obtains the accompaniments such as non magnetic iron compound and nickel thereof, chromium, cobalt, gold, also obtains the accompaniments such as weak magnetism compound and nickel thereof, chromium, cobalt, gold, and color density and iron compound is close or less than the metal mixture of iron compound.Wherein iron content 35% to 52%; Nickeliferous 0.567% to 0.63%; Contain chromium 0.72% to 0.81%; Contain cobalt 0.0405% to 0.045%; Contain gold 0.050 gram per ton to 0.10 gram.
In sum, wet ball-milling ore-dressing technique no matter, or wet type gravity treatment ore-dressing technique all must be selected the asbestos in the chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold etc. in the lump simultaneously separation, otherwise as single option is wherein carried out separately ore dressing, can cause high cost.
(2) mixtures such as nickeliferous, the chromium that obtains through embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, cobalt, iron, gold are carried out sintering qualified pelletizing into after the granulation with agglomerates of sintered pellets technique.
With the pellet sintering machine mixtures such as nickeliferous, the chromium that obtains, cobalt, iron, gold being mixed 1%～10% brown ocher binding agent stirs, then carry out pelletizing with electronic pelletizer, afterwards pelletizing is dried under 600 ℃～1300 ℃ with coal or coal gas or natural gas with the pellet sintering machine and sinter the pelletizings such as qualified nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold into, the oven dry sintering time is 6h～24h.The pelletizing diameter generally is at 10mm to 30mm, and the humidity of mixture becomes pelletizing as suitable take automatic bonding.
(3) agglomerates of sintered pellets of the mixtures such as qualified nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold quantitatively being allocated into diameter by smelting requirements is 2.00mm～5.00mm limestone particle, quantitatively allocating diameter into is the blue charcoal piece (or anthracite piece or coke briquette) of 10.00mm～50.00mm, then sending into XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace smelts, and blow to XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace by hot-blast stove with air blast, wind-warm syndrome is between 600 ℃ to 1200 ℃.Allocate limestone particle into and be desiliconization slag making in order to smelt.Because low many of the price of the cost ratio coke of blue charcoal and anthracite, in order to reduce the production cost of smelting the Ni and Cr contained cobalt pig iron, during with the XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace process Ni and Cr contained cobalt pig iron with blue charcoal or anthracite replacement coke.Blow to XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace by hot-blast stove with air blast, wind-warm syndrome is in order to improve furnace temperature, to be conducive to accelerate redox reaction in the stove between 600 ℃ to 1200 ℃.Wind-warm syndrome is higher, and the blue charcoal of easier saving more is conducive to the direct motion of the working of a furnace.Be conducive to reduce production costs.Raw coke oven gas combustion heating or coal furnace combustion heating that special hot-blast stove produces with XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace.This special hot-blast stove mainly is built into by stainless steel tube and insulating brick, and hot blast is walked in stainless steel tube, and this stainless steel tube tortuous also multilayer in hot-blast stove detours back and forth, and purpose is in order to improve to greatest extent wind-warm syndrome.
XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace is that the pig iron of, chromium nickeliferous for smelting, cobalt is special, it is characterized in that 18～20 cubic metres of heat sizes, can replace coke with blue charcoal or anthracite during smelting, because without coke, although overall energy consumption is higher, production cost is relatively low.
XN18 type ferronickel Blast Furnace Bottom is built into the special refractory brick with the pointed cone hole, and the cone point of pointed cone is conducive to like this precious metal and preferentially sinks to furnace bottom when smelting down, treats to be convenient to take out when precious metal is collected together full pointed cone hole.This XN18 type ferronickel Blast Furnace Bottom is made with special tumbler, is convenient to collect precious metal.
XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace is compared with common blast furnace, and they are many special turn bottom minute and reserved two precious metals outlets.Be convenient to collect and be deposited to the furnace bottom precious metal.
The agglomerates of sintered pellets such as nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold produce the pig iron molten iron of qualified nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt under XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace process.This is nickeliferous, the pig iron Sulfur Content in Hot Iron phosphorus of chromium, cobalt does not all exceed standard.In addition, the relatively poor heavy metal element of the oxidisability such as gold element in the agglomerates of sintered pellets such as nickeliferous, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold is at first restored during smelting, and is deposited in the special taper refractory brick of furnace bottom.Save bit by bit outlet in the taper refractory brick it is special from furnace bottom when a certain amount of flow out or take out and purify after obtain proof gold or other heavy metals.
(4) qualified nickeliferous, the chromium of XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace process being produced, the pig iron molten iron of cobalt turn to pour in the steel-smelting electric furnace according to traditional nickel-chromium base special steel process for making after with special insulation ladle splendid attire makes steel, and allocate quantitative ferroalloy additive into by the grade of steel standard, produce qualified nickel-chromium base special steel molten steel.Afterwards with this molten steel with special insulation steel ladle access, pour again refining furnace into and carry out refining, until produce qualified nickel-chromium base special steel molten steel, and be cast into till the steel ingot of qualified nickel-chromium base special steel.The grade of steel of nickel-chromium base special steel steel ingot is as the criterion with national standard.
Qualified nickeliferous, the chromium of perhaps XN18 type ferronickel blast furnace process being produced, the pig iron molten iron of cobalt turn to pour in the steel-smelting electric furnace according to traditional nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making after with special insulation ladle splendid attire makes steel, and allocate quantitative ferroalloy additive into by the grade of steel standard, produce qualified nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel molten steel.Afterwards with this molten steel with special insulation steel ladle access, pour again refining furnace into and carry out refining, until produce qualified nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel molten steel, and be cast into till the steel ingot of qualified nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.The grade of steel of nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel steel ingot is as the criterion with national standard.
Adopt the heavy metallic mixtures such as nickel that the wet type gravity treatment obtains, chromium, cobalt, iron, gold among the embodiment 1, when its during as the raw material of production nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel, can reduce the addition of nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron.Smelt according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making in the existing common process, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
The mixture of the magnetic-particle part that obtains among the embodiment 2, wherein iron content 58.00% to 61.60%; Nickeliferous 0.44% to 0.69%; Contain chromium 0.59% to 0.96%; Contain cobalt 0.032% to 0.051%; Contain below gold 0.1 gram per ton; Sulfur-bearing, phosphorus all do not exceed standard; Siliceous 6.40% to 6.17%; Also contain a small amount of magnesia, calcium oxide etc.
The mixture that contains the chromium part in the non-magnetic particle that the obtains part, wherein nickeliferous 0.567%～0.630%; Contain chromium 0.729%～0.810%; Contain cobalt 0.0405%～0.0450%; Containing gold is 0.05 gram～0.10 gram per ton.Remaining is mainly iron and other heavy metal compounds.
With magnetic-particle mixture and non-magnetic particle mixture as nickel bearing raw material; because nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron in magnetic-particle mixture and the non-magnetic particle mixture are the essential raw material of production nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel, therefore can corresponding minimizing nickel, the raw material use of chromium, cobalt, iron.Smelt according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making in the existing common process, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
Claims (3)
1. a method of recycling chromium from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings is crushed to granularity≤3mm;
(2) the mine tailing particle that obtains is added water with ball mill and carry out wet lapping, until at least 95% in the ore pulp particle is more than or equal to 500 orders; Add water the pulp density that obtains is adjusted to 20%～60%, then will contain chromium with gravity concentrator with the water gravity separation method and partly select and get final product;
Gravity concentrator in the step (2) adopts ore dressing to stir the Gravity separation machine with the liquid mine pulp spiral, and it is made of by the Gravity separation unit of pipeline connection successively at least 2 groups, and the terrain clearance of all Gravity separation unit increases successively or successively reduction; Wherein the Gravity separation unit comprises agitator (4), propeller (3) is installed in this agitator (4), this propeller (3) thus be in transmission connection with driving mechanism and drive propeller (3) rotation, and be provided with the discharge mouth of pipe (8) in agitator (4) bottom, at this discharge mouth of pipe (8) valve (7) is installed;
Wherein the difference in height between any two groups of adjacent Gravity separation unit all equates; Wherein below every group of Gravity separation unit, be equipped with charge pond (9); Wherein driving mechanism by motor (1) with form with its supporting decelerator that is connected (2), the output shaft of this decelerator (2) is connected with the transmission of rotary axis of propeller (3); Wherein agitator (4) adopts steel matter or non-steel matter; Wherein in agitator (4) top support is installed, and an end of propeller (3) is installed on this support by bearing, its other end stretches in the agitator (4); Wherein the bottom of agitator (4) is the cone shape of pointed end, and the height of this cone shape part (5) accounts for the 20%-60% of agitator (4) height; Wherein in inboard or the outside of agitator (4) bottom cone shape part (5) at least 2 group electromagnet (6) are installed along the circumferential direction, and the magnetic field intensity of this electromagnet (6) is 1200～8000 oersteds; Wherein electromagnet (6) is the 2-12 group, and electromagnet (6) evenly distributes along the circumferencial direction of cone shape part (5).
2. a kind of method of from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, recycling chromium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: add water with ball mill in the step (2) and carry out wet lapping and specifically refer to, feed preparation unit size≤the 3mm that grinds for the first time, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 65%:35%, is ground to granularity 〉=200 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=70.00%; Carry out afterwards adding the second time fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 60%:40%, is ground to granularity 〉=400 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00%; Add for the third time afterwards fine lapping, the weight ratio of water and mine tailing powder is 80%:20%, is ground to granularity 〉=500 purpose mine tailing powder 〉=95.00% and gets final product.
3. a kind of method of from chrysotile lithotype asbestos tailings, recycling chromium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the chrome mineral part that contains that step (2) obtains is smelted according to nickel-chromium base special steel process for making or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel process for making as raw material, can obtain nickel-chromium base special steel or nickel-chromium-containing stainless steel.
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| CN109161689B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-02-04 | 若羌县圣地石棉尾料再利用科技开发有限公司 | Method for extracting heavy metal from molten asbestos tailings |
| CN113578518A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-11-02 | 若羌县圣地石棉尾料再利用科技开发有限公司 | Method for removing heavy metal by serpentine magnetization |
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| CN1102458C (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2003-03-05 | 荣葵一 | Wetting gravity ore dressing tech. of asbestos ore |
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