RU2527532C1 - Rotary grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: rotary grain combine harvester comprises the header, the threshing and separating device in the form of a rotor which is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine with the ability of rotation in the separating casing which has the shape of a cylinder or a truncated cone and is provided with guide elements, a chopper-spreader, a system of transporting and cleaning of the grain heap, a bearing system, an undercarriage system, a motor unit and a workplace, a second chopper-spreader. The rotor and the casing are provided with additional guide elements, which provide the processed mass movement in opposite directions from the centre to the outlet ends of the threshing and separating device. The casing has an input window for receiving the processed mass to its geometric centre.

EFFECT: improvement of efficiency of the grain cleaning.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to methods of operation and devices of rotary combine harvesters.

Known structural schemes for constructing a combine harvester as a classic (multi-drum) layout, with a tangential arrangement of one or more threshing drums and concave, and layout with an axial-rotary threshing and separating device (MCU). These are combine harvesters manufactured by Rostselmash, Gomselmash, Case, John Deer, New Holland, Claas, etc. [1-10]. The method of operation, which is provided using known devices, involves the following operations: 1) feeding the cut-off grain header to the inclined chamber (NK); 2) transportation of the processed mass to the local self-government; 3) separation of the mass into two fractions: coarse heap — straw and thin heap — floor and grain — moreover, the straw enters the device for working with the non-cereal part of the crop (chopper-spreader or collector), and the thin heap falls into the separator of thin heap (STV ); 4) the selection of pure grain from a thin heap as a result of separation and purification; 5) the supply of grain with the help of a grain elevator into the hopper, from where, after filling the hopper, the grain is unloaded into the vehicle.

Closest to the claimed utility model for the location and design of the LSG is the KZR-10 rotary grain harvesting complex manufactured by Gomselmash [4].

The disadvantages of the layout of the combine harvester prototype are:

1. The high length of the complex in connection with the allocation in separate modules of the power plant, the running system and the operator’s workplace and in the second module of the cleaning unit, hopper and the second module with its own transport system.

2. Low longitudinal and lateral stability of the 2nd module of the complex due to the high location of the hopper.

3. The insufficient width of the cleaning zone, which is determined by the width of the thresher, and to increase the area of the cleaning zone, it is necessary to increase the length of the sieves, which leads to a shortage of blowing air flow.

4. The limited height of the cleaning zone, which does not allow to realize three (or more) located across the height of the blown difference, or level, cleaning or increase the height of the available.

5. The limited volume of the hopper due to its high location relative to the earth's surface and the low longitudinal and lateral stability of the combine associated with this, which necessitates an additional increase in strength, and hence the mass of its load-bearing system.

6. The need for the obligatory availability of a device for transporting grain from the cleaning zone to the hopper - a grain elevator, which has a complex structure due to the many joints of the conveying structural elements, which complicates maintenance and causes additional trauma to the grain.

7. The need to install additional protection of the design elements of the combine from damage during operation in difficult conditions (for example, when harvesting rice).

8. Uneven distribution of the crushed mass over the field due to the unilateral location of the grinder-spreader.

The purpose of the invention is the improvement of consumer qualities of the harvester by eliminating the above disadvantages.

This goal is achieved by changing the layout of the combine, namely, by: supplying the processed mass directly to the rotor ISU, which is a rotating rotor located inside a fixed cylindrical or truncated-conical separating body with an input window located in its center for receiving the harvested mass located transversely (tangentially), i.e. due to the exclusion from the technological process of the operation of transporting the sheared mass to the ISU using an inclined camera, adding a second chopper-spreader installed on the opposite output end of the ISU, by performing a grain heap transportation system consisting of one elevator equipped with rubber conveying elements that exclude grain trauma, the location of the cleaning system above the hopper due to the appearance of free space due to the lower location of the hopper in of the space between the wheel pairs, wherein the hopper is a carrier harvester system, and by increasing the volume of the hopper.

The technical result is achieved as a result of the fact that in a rotary combine harvester containing a header, a threshing and separating device in the form of a rotor rotating in a cylindrical or truncated-conical casing (housing), equipped with constructive guiding elements that provide the movement of the processed mass in one direction, and mounted transverse (tangentially) to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the combine, chopper, grain heap transportation system, grain heap cleaning system, support system in the form of a metal frame, a running system, a motor unit and a workplace, a second chopper-spreader is introduced, the rotor and a cylindrical or truncated-conical casing are equipped with additional structural elements that ensure the movement of the processed mass in opposite directions, from the center to the edges, which are the output ends threshing and separating device, articulated with grinders, spreaders, the separating casing is equipped with an input window for receiving the processed mass, located in its geometric center, the transportation system consists of one elevator equipped with rubber conveying elements that exclude injury to the grain material, the cleaning system is located above the hopper, which is located between the wheel pairs of the combine and is its carrier system, and the grain enters the hopper from the cleaning system by gravity .

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

- figure 1 - design of a rotary combine harvester, side view;

- figure 2 - rotary threshing and separating device.

The design of the inventive rotary harvester (figure 1, 2) contains sequentially located the following functional modules: 1 - header; 2 - tangentially (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combine or the direction of its movement) located rotary MSU; 3 - rotor; 4 - separating casing (housing); 5 - chopper-spreader; 6 - a system for transporting grain heaps; 7 - a system for cleaning grain heaps; 8 - hopper; 9 - running system; 10 - motor installation; 11 - workplace; 12 - input window of the local self-government; 13 - elevator of the transportation system; 14 - sieve cleaning; 15 - guiding elements of the rotor; 16 - guiding elements of the separating casing, 17 - threshing elements of the rotor, while the cleaning system 7 is located above the hopper 8, the hopper 8 is located between the wheelsets of the running system 9, driven by a motor unit 10, controlled by the operator from the workplace 11.

Combine harvester operates as follows. The mass cut off by the harvesting part 1 is fed directly (without transportation using an inclined camera) to the entrance window 12 of the ISU 1, located in the central part of the stationary separating cylindrical surface (deck) in the form of a cylindrical casing with separating holes, in which the rotating rotor is located, into the space between a rotating rotor 3 and a separating casing (deck) 4, where it is threshing and separating a thin heap. The processed mass, due to the presence of additional guiding elements 15, 16 on the rotor and the separating casing, is transported and mixed in opposite directions. Coarse heap arrives at the grinder-spreaders 5, located at the output ends of the ISU 1 and providing grinding and more uniform, compared with the prototype, spreading over the field of the processed mass. Using a transportation system 6 consisting of two elevators equipped with rubber conveying elements, the grain heap is fed to the cleaning system 7, where clean grain is extracted using sieves 14, which, due to gravity (gravitationally), falls through the cleaning sieve 14 into the hopper 8 without additional transporting devices.

As a result of the application of the new layout scheme of the combine harvester, the goal of the invention is achieved - improving the consumer qualities of the combine, namely:

1. The modular principle of forming the design of the combine.

2. The minimum length of the combine with maximum productivity.

3. High longitudinal and lateral stability.

4. The increased area of the cleaning zone by increasing the width of the cleaning sieves.

5. The increased height of the cleaning system allows you to implement three (or more) differences in height cleaning with an increased area.

6. A large volume of the hopper.

7. The supporting frame is combined with the hopper, which gives additional strength to the entire structure.

8. Reducing the number of large structural elements.

9. Installation of different height heights of clearance (by customer order).

10. The possibility of using various types of propulsors (wheels, half-track, track).

11. A significant reduction in the impact of working conditions on the working elements of the structure.

12. High maneuverability, small turning radius.

The tangential location of the rotary threshing and separating device, the separation of the flow of the treated mass into two equal parts and the installation of a second grinder-spreader, as well as other design innovations, allow you to significantly and favorably change the layout of the combine harvester, namely: to exclude the inclined chamber, to free up space for the hopper, increasing its volume and significantly reducing its height above the surface of the earth, which, in turn, allows you to increase the transverse and longitudinal Harvester stability, reduce its mass by using a hopper as the carrier system and, in general, to improve its consumer qualities.

Literature

1. Combine harvester self-propelled RSM-181 "Torum-740". Instructions for use and maintenance of RSM-181 IE. - Rostov-on-Don: LLC "KZ" RSM ", 2008.

2. Pat. SU 235450 A1. - Prior. 06/03/1969.

3. Pat. SU 352632. - Prior. 10/23/1972.

4. Complex grain harvesting rotor KZR-10. - Trading House "Gomselmash-South": Product Catalog. - Ust-Labinsk, 2008 .-- 21 p.

5. Axial-Flow Mahdrescher AFX 8010. - Prospectus of the Case company, 2003. - 4 pp. - Website: http://www.caseih.com.

6. All-New 60 Series Combines. - Prospectus of John Deer. - Website www.John Deer.com.

7. Harvesters "New Holland CR" // Agricultural. Technics. - Mikhailovsk: LLC “Scientific-technical. Center ”, 2008. - 79 p.

8. Application DE 2001121723/12. - Pat. RU 2268577 (Patentee: “Klaas Selbstfarende Erntemashinen GmbH (DE).” - Prior. 30.07.2001.

9. Application DE 2001109923/12. - Pat. RU 2264074 (Patentee: “Klaas Selbstfarende Erntemashinen GmbH (DE).” - Prior. 04/16/2001.

10. Application DE 2002106599/13 (Applicant: “Klaas Selbstfarende Erntemashinen GmbH (DE).” - Prior. March 15, 2002.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary combine harvester, including a header, a threshing and separating device in the form of a rotor mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine with the possibility of rotation in a separating casing having the shape of a cylinder or a truncated cone equipped with guide elements, a chopper-spreader, a grain heap transportation system , a system for cleaning a grain pile, a supporting system in the form of a metal frame, a running system, a motor unit and a workplace, while a second chopper is introduced into it the sprinkler, the rotor and the casing are equipped with additional guide elements that provide the movement of the processed mass in opposite directions from the center to the output ends of the threshing and separating device, articulated with grinders-spreaders, the casing is equipped with an input window for receiving the processed mass in its geometric center. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the transportation system consists of one elevator equipped with rubber conveying elements. 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning system is located above the hopper. 4. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain enters the hopper from the cleaning system by gravity.

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