RU2525754C2 - Device for determining values of operational characteristics of serviced articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to computer engineering, particularly control devices, and can be used in experimental development and operating practice where there is need to determine optimum periodicity of servicing articles and corresponding operational quality factors thereof. The device has a memory unit, two adders, two multiplier units, nine rectifier diodes, a nonlinearity unit, six delay elements, an OR element, two flip-flops, an integrator, two timers, a divider unit, two comparators and a memory element.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of the device by determining and outputting as output data values of the coefficient and time of the operational condition of a constantly used article with an optimum servicing period thereof, as well as the time interval during which operational readiness of the article for use is not below a given value.

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Description

The invention relates to computer technology, in particular to control devices, and can be used in scientific research and technology, where it is required to determine the optimal frequency of maintenance and the characteristics of the readiness of products for use, the duration of maintenance and the estimated time during which the operational readiness of the product will be no less than required.

Known devices [1, 2], allowing to determine the periods of service, providing a minimum downtime of products of continuous and cyclic use. Also known devices [3, 4], designed to find rational periods of maintenance of the system, providing the required readiness of these funds for functioning as intended. A common disadvantage of these devices are low functionality. They do not allow determining the coefficient of operational readiness of products for use. The device [5] allows you to determine the optimal frequency of maintenance and operational readiness of the product at a given time by the criterion of readiness for use of the product. However, it does not provide a determination of the time interval after maintenance, during which the operational readiness of the product for use will be no less than required.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device [6], containing five adders, a multiplication unit, a nonlinearity unit, five memory elements, an integrator, two timers, a division unit, five delay elements, two triggers, an OR element, two comparators, five keys. It allows you to determine the optimal period of maintenance according to the criterion of the minimum downtime factor and the corresponding values of the downtime coefficient, the product downtime caused by its maintenance. The disadvantage of this device is its limited functional and informative capabilities.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functional and information capabilities of the device. The goal is achieved by determining and issuing as the output data the values of the availability coefficient and the time of the operational state of the product of constant use with an optimal period of its maintenance, as well as the time interval during which the operational readiness of the product for use will be no less than specified.

The process of servicing hardware is cyclical in nature. The average duration of the service cycle is determined by the following ratio

$$\begin{array}{l}{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{Ts}}=\tau +{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{P}R\left(\tau \right)+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\left[\mathrm{one}-R\left(\tau \right)\right]\mathrm{and}l\mathrm{and}\left(\mathrm{one}\right)\\ {\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{Ts}}=\tau +{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)R\left(\tau \right),\end{array}$$

where τ is the product service period;

- среднее время контроля работоспособности; $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}$$

- average time for monitoring performance;

- среднее время проведения планово-предупредительной профилактики; $${\overline{\tau }}_P$$

- average time for preventive maintenance;

- среднее время аварийно-восстановительных работ; $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}$$

- average time for emergency recovery work;

P (τ) is the probability of failure-free operation of the product during time τ.

The duration of maintenance in the interval τ _C is

$${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{about}b\mathrm{from}l}={\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)P\left(\tau \right)\text{.}\left(\text{2}\right)$$

Monitoring the technical condition of the product is carried out in scheduled sessions with a period of τ. In this regard, in the time interval between control sessions, the product can be not only in an operable state, but also in a state of latent failure. Therefore, the relation

$$\tau ={\overline{\tau }}_F+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}},\left(\text{3}\right)$$

- среднее время работоспособного состояния изделия, а $${\overline{\tau }}_{О}$$

- среднее время пребывания его в отказе на периоде τ.Where

- the average working time of the product, and $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}}$$

- the average time spent in failure over the period τ.

определяется на формулеValue $${\overline{\tau }}_F$$

determined by the formula

$${\overline{\tau }}_F={\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\tau }{\int }}P\left(t\right)dt.\left(\text{four}\right)}$$

, а также при нахождении в состоянии отказа изделие не может применяться по назначению.If the results of the inspection show that the product is operational, then a planned preventive maintenance is carried out. If it turns out to be inoperable, then emergency repair work will be carried out, as a result of which the working capacity will be restored. On time interval $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{about}b\mathrm{from}l}$$

, as well as being in a state of failure, the product cannot be used for its intended purpose.

Important operational and technical characteristics of the product are the availability factor and the operational availability factor. The availability factor is expressed by the following ratio:

$${\mathrm{TO}}_G\left(\tau \right)=\frac{{\overline{\tau }}_F}{{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{Ts}}}=\frac{{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\tau }{\int }}P\left(t\right)dt}}{\tau +{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)P\left(\tau \right)}.\left(\text{5}\right)$$

For many products, the predominance of sudden failures is characteristic and the exponential distribution of the time of their occurrence is applicable. In this regard, the probability of uptime P (t) is expressed as follows:

$$P\left(t\right)=\exp \left\{-\lambda t\right\},\left(\text{6}\right)$$

where λ is the failure rate.

The value of the operational readiness coefficient for the current time moment ξ is determined as follows:

$${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}\left(\tau ,\xi \right)={\mathrm{TO}}_G\left(\tau \right)R\left(\xi \right).\left(\text{7}\right)$$

It can be seen from (5) that the availability coefficient substantially depends on the product service period τ. As studies of the function show, К _Г (τ) for some (optimal) value of the period τ * has a global extremum.

In connection with the above, we write the problem of determining the optimal period of maintenance in the following form:

$$\tau *=\arg \underset{\tau }{\text{max}}\frac{{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\tau }{\int }}P\left(t\right)dt}}{\tau +{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)P\left(\tau \right)}.\left(\text{8}\right)$$

In some cases (for example, when planning tests of some means during which this product should be involved), there is a need to determine the duration of the time interval ξ <τ * after the completion of the next maintenance cycle, when the operational readiness of the product will be no less than required (given ), i.e.

$$\xi =\arg {\text{TO}}_{\text{Exhaust gas}}\left(\tau *,\xi \right)\ge {\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}.\left(\text{9}\right)$$

и τ_обс.To plan the use of the product for its intended purpose, as well as work on its maintenance, it is necessary to know the calculated values of the quantities $${\tau }_f^{*}$$

and τ _obs .

The inventive device allows you to define them, realizing the relations (4) and (2), respectively, but at τ = τ *.

The proposed mathematical model can be implemented in hardware using the inventive device, a diagram of which is shown in Figure 1.

The device contains a memory unit 1; adders 3, 7; multiplication blocks 4, 22; valves (equivalent to the keys of the prototype) 5, 12, 15, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31; block of nonlinearity 6; delay elements 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 25; element OR 9; triggers 2, 11; integrator 14; timers 8, 16; division block 18; comparators 17, 26; memory element 24.

Note that the unused memory elements of the prototype cannot be considered as equivalents to the memory block of the claimed device.

, $${\overline{\tau }}_{П}-{\overline{\tau }}_{В}$$

, λ, $${К}_{ОГ}^{зад}$$

вводятся в блок памяти 1 через его входы с 1 по 4 соответственно.Before starting the operation of the device, the initial data $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}$$

, $${\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}$$

, λ, $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

are entered into the memory unit 1 through its inputs 1 to 4, respectively.

The device operates as follows. By the “Start” signal coming from the fifth input of the device, the first trigger 1 switches to a single state, providing the output of the memory block 1 with the values of the stored data, and starts the first timer 8. In the initial state, valves 5 and 15 are open, and all other valves are closed.

, поступает на второй вход блока деления 18 и в третий элемент задержки 19. В первом блоке перемножения 4 реализуется произведение величины Р(τ_i) и разности $${\overline{\tau }}_{П}-{\overline{\tau }}_{В}$$

, поступающей в него со второго выхода блока памяти 1. Результирующий сигнал, соответствующий величине $$\left({\overline{\tau }}_{П}-{\overline{\tau }}_{В}\right)P\left({\tau }_i\right)$$

, с выхода первого блока перемножения 4 передается в первый сумматор 3, где осуществляется сложение с сигналом τ_К+τ_В, поступающим на первый вход сумматора 3 с первого выхода блока памяти 1. Выходной сигнал $${\overline{\tau }}_{обс}={\overline{\tau }}_{К}+{\overline{\tau }}_{В}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_{П}-{\overline{\tau }}_{В}\right)P\left({\tau }_i\right)$$

первого сумматора 3, полученный в соответствии с (2), передается во второй элемент задержки 13 и на первый вход второго сумматора 7. В сумматоре 7 формируется согласно (1) значение длительности цикла обслуживания изделия $${\overline{\tau }}_{Цi}$$

и передается на первый вход блока деления 18. В блоке деления 18 вычисляется значение коэффициента готовности в соответствии с (5), т.е. $${К}_{Гi}=\frac{{\overline{\tau }}_{Фi}}{{\overline{\tau }}_{Цi}}$$

. Полученный результат К_Гi с выхода блока деления 18 подается непосредственно на первый вход и через пятый элемент задержки 21 на второй вход первого компаратора 26.The timer 8 with a step ∆τ sets in increasing order the sequence of values of τ _{i of the} period of technical maintenance of the product τ _i = τ _i-1 + Δτ, where i = 1, 2, 3, .... The signal τ _i from the output of the timer 8 is transmitted directly to the fourth delay element 20, to the second input of the second adder 7 and to the first input of the integrator 14, and through the third gate 15 and the OR element 9 connected in series, goes to the second input of the nonlinearity block 6, to the first input which from the third output of the memory unit 1, the parameter λ of the product is transmitted. In the non-linearity unit 6, the function P (τ _i ) = exp {-λτ _i } is implemented and transmitted through the first gate 5 to the second inputs of the first multiplication unit 4 and integrator 14. In the integrator 14, the function P (τ _i ) is integrated on the interval [0, τ _i ]. The output signal of the integrator 14, corresponding according to (4) the value $${\overline{\tau }}_{Fi}$$

, is fed to the second input of the division unit 18 and to the third delay element 19. In the first block of multiplication 4, the product of the quantity P (τ _i ) and the difference $${\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}$$

entering it from the second output of memory unit 1. The resulting signal corresponding to $$\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)P\left({\tau }_i\right)$$

, from the output of the first multiplication block 4, it is transferred to the first adder 3, where it is added to the signal τ _K + τ _B supplied to the first input of adder 3 from the first output of memory unit 1. The output signal $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{about}b\mathrm{from}}={\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{TO}}+{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}+\left({\overline{\tau }}_P-{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{AT}}\right)P\left({\tau }_i\right)$$

the first adder 3, obtained in accordance with (2), is transmitted to the second delay element 13 and to the first input of the second adder 7. In the adder 7, the value of the product service cycle duration is generated according to (1) $${\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{Ts}i}$$

and transmitted to the first input of the division unit 18. In the division unit 18, the value of the availability coefficient is calculated in accordance with (5), i.e. $${\mathrm{TO}}_{Gi}=\frac{{\overline{\tau }}_{Fi}}{{\overline{\tau }}_{\mathrm{Ts}i}}$$

. The obtained result K _Gi from the output of the division unit 18 is fed directly to the first input and through the fifth delay element 21 to the second input of the first comparator 26.

The comparator 26 compares with each other the current To _Gi and previous To _Gi-1 calculated values of the availability factor. If it turns out that К _Гi ≥К _Гi-1 , then the control signal will appear on the first output of the comparator 26 and will go to the second input of the first timer 8. As a result of this, timer 8 will produce a new τ _{i + 1} value of the maintenance period and the entire cycle of calculating the value K _G will be repeated, but with a new value of τ _{i + 1 of the} period. If it turns out that К _Гi <К _Гi-1 , then the control signal will appear on the second output of the comparator 26 and will go to the control inputs of the first 5, third 15, fourth 23, fifth 27, sixth 28 and seventh 29 valves, as well as the first the input of the second trigger 11. In this case, the gates 5 and 15 are closed, the gates 23, 27, 28 and 29 are opened, and the second trigger 11 is transferred to a single state. Thus, at this stage of the operation of the device, the optimal value τ * = τ _i-1 of the maintenance period and the corresponding values of K _G , τ _obs and τ _{F are} determined. As a result, the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the device will receive respectively the calculated values of the quantities:

τ _obs - from the second delay element 13 through the seventh valve 29;

- от пятого элемента задержки 21 через пятый вентиль 27; $${\mathrm{TO}}_G\left(\tau *\right)=\underset{\tau }{\max }{\mathrm{TO}}_G\left(\tau \right)$$

- from the fifth delay element 21 through the fifth valve 27;

τ _f - from the third delay element 19 through the sixth valve 28;

τ * - from the fourth delay element 20 through the fourth valve 23.

The calculated value of K _G (τ *) is transmitted from the output of the fifth gate 27 to the memory element 24, where it is stored, ensuring the subsequent operation of the device.

оперативной готовности. В компараторе 17 сравниваются между собой значения К_ОГj(ξ_j,τ*) и $${К}_{ОГ}^{зад}$$

. Если окажется, что $${К}_{ОГj}\left({\xi }_j,\tau *\right)\ge {К}_{ОГ}^{зад}$$

, то управляющий сигнал появится на первом выходе компаратора 17 и поступит на второй вход второго таймера 16. В результате этого таймер 16 выдаст новое ξ_j+1 значение времени и вычисление величины К_ОГ повторится. Как только окажется, что $${К}_{ОГj}\left({\xi }_j,\tau *\right)<{К}_{ОГ}^{зад}$$

, то управляющий сигнал появится на втором выходе компаратора 17. По этому сигналу открываются восьмой 30 и девятый 31 вентили, вследствие чего вычисленное значение К_ОГj-1 с выхода шестого элемента задержки 25 через восьмой вентиль 30 поступит на пятый выход устройства, а вычисленное значение ξ_j-1 из первого элемента задержки 10 через девятый вентиль 31 поступит на шестой выход устройства. Кроме того, выходной сигнал второго компаратора 17 обнулит элемент памяти 24, переведет первый 2 и второй 11 триггеры в нулевое состояние. В результате работа устройства прекращается.The output of the second trigger 11 starts the second timer 16, opens the output of the memory element 24 and the second gate 12. The timer 16, like the first timer 8, generates in ascending order a sequence of possible values of the time interval ξ _j = ξ _j-1 + Δξ, where j = 1, 2, 3, .... The signal ξ _j from the output of the second timer 16 is transmitted directly to the first delay element 10 and through the OR circuit 9 to the second input of the nonlinearity block 6, at the first input of which the value of parameter λ continues to remain. In the block of nonlinearity 6, the function P (ξ _j ) = exp {-λξ _j } is realized and transmitted to the first input of the second multiplication block 22, the second input of which from the memory element 24 receives a signal corresponding to the value of K _G (τ *). In the multiplication unit 22, the operational readiness coefficient K _ОГj (ξ _j , τ *) is calculated according to (7) and transmitted to the input of the sixth delay element 25 and to the second input of the second comparator 17. To the first input of the comparator 17 from the fourth output of the memory unit 1 through the second valve 12 receives a predetermined allowable coefficient value $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

operational readiness. In the comparator 17, the values of K _OGj (ξ _j , τ *) and $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

. If it turns out that $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}Gj}\left({\xi }_j,\tau *\right)\ge {\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

, The control signal appears at the first output of the comparator 17 and arrive at the second input of the second timer 16. As a result, the timer 16 will issue a new ξ _{j + 1} time value and calculating the values of K _{exhaust gas} again. As soon as it turns out that $${\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}Gj}\left({\xi }_j,\tau *\right)<{\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{ABOUT}G}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

, then the control signal will appear on the second output of the comparator 17. The eighth 30 and ninth 31 valves open according to this signal, as a result of which the calculated value K _ОГj-1 from the output of the sixth delay element 25 through the eighth valve 30 will go to the fifth output of the device and the calculated value ξ _j-1 from the first delay element 10 through the ninth valve 31 will go to the sixth output of the device. In addition, the output signal of the second comparator 17 will reset the memory element 24, translates the first 2 and second 11 triggers to zero. As a result, the device stops working.

The positive effect that can be obtained from the use of the proposed technical solution is that the device allows you to determine the optimal period of maintenance and the corresponding values of the characteristics of the readiness of the product for use, the working time of the product and the duration of maintenance.

When developing the device diagram, the functional elements described in [7] were used.

Information sources

1. Grishin V.D., Zinoviev S.V., Sokolov B.V., Maydanovich O.V. Patent RU No. 2452027, IPC G07C 3/08, 2012.

2. Sokolov BV, Grishin VD, Zelentsov VA, Tsivirko EG Decision on the grant of a patent dated 08.30.2012 on the application No. 2011146675, IPC G07C 3/08, 2011.

3. Grishin V.D., Sokolov B.V., Petrova I.A. Patent RU No. 2429542, IPC G07C 3/08, G05B 23/02, 2011.

4. Grishin V.D., Sokolov B.V., Ikonnikova A.V. Patent RU No. 2429543, IPC G07C 3/08, G06F 11/30, G06F 17/00, 2011.

5. Grishin V.D., Myshinsky D.A., Taganov I.Yu. Patent RU No. 2361277, G07C 3/08, 2009.

6. Grishin V.D., Shulgin A.E., Petrov A.A. Patent RU No. 2361276, IPC G07C 3/08, 2007.

7. Tetelbaum I.M., Schreider Yu.R. 400 schemes for AVM. - M .: Energy, 1978.

Claims (1)

A device for determining the values of the operational characteristics of serviced products, comprising a first multiplication unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first adder, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first timer and the input of the fourth delay element, and the output is connected with the first input of the division unit, the output of which is connected directly to the first input, and through the fifth delay element with the second input of the first comparator, the second output of which is connected occupied with the first input of the second trigger, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second timer and to the second input of the memory element, the first trigger, non-linearity block, the first, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh gates, OR circuit, the first, second and third delay elements, an integrator, a second comparator, characterized in that a memory block, a second and third gate, a second multiplication block, a sixth delay element, an eighth and a ninth gate are inserted into it, the inputs of the device from the first to the fourth being the corresponding inputs of the memory block tee, the fifth input of which is connected to the first input of the first timer and to the output of the first trigger, the first input of which is the fifth input of the device, and the second input is connected to the control inputs of the eighth and ninth gates, with the second output of the second comparator, with the third input of the memory element and with the second input of the second trigger, the first input of which is connected to the control inputs of the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh valves, the output of the seventh valve is the first output of the device, and its information input through the second delay element is connected to the output of the first adder, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the memory unit, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the first multiplication unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first valve and to the second input of the integrator, the output of which is connected directly to the second the input of the division unit and through the second delay element with the information input of the sixth valve, the output of which is the third output of the device, the second output of which is the output of the fifth valve, inf the radiation input of which is connected to the second input of the first comparator, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the first timer, the output of which is connected to the first input of the integrator and to the information input of the third gate, the output of which is connected to the first input of the OR circuit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the block nonlinearity, and the second input is connected to the output of the second timer directly and through the first delay element to the information input of the ninth valve, the output of which is the sixth output of the device, whose output is the output of the eighth gate, the information input of which through the sixth delay element is connected to the output of the second multiplication unit and to the second input of the second comparator, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the second timer, and the first input to the output of the second valve, the permitting input of which is connected with the output of the second trigger, and the information input with the fourth output of the memory block, the third output of which is the first input of the nonlinearity block, the second input of which is connected to the output of the OR circuit, and the output is connected to the information input of the first gate and to the first input of the second multiplication unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the memory element, the information input of which is connected to the second output of the device, the fourth output of which is the output of the fourth valve, the information input of which is connected to the output of the fourth delay element .