RU2520750C1 - Device for forming products made of discrete powdered materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device for forming products made of discrete powdered materials comprises a frame, a drive, a pumped slab, mounted on a connecting rod of an articulated four-link chain, mounted on the frame, a facility for feeding material into the mould under the work surface of the pumped slab and a stabilising and calibrating skid adjacent to the slab with a gap. In this case, the device is provided with at least one compression spring, pivotally fixed with one end to the connecting rod and with other end to the frame over the fixing point to the connecting rod.

EFFECT: improvement of the moulding process efficiency, reduction of forces on the drive elements, improvement of uniformity of the load on the drive.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of molding products and semi-finished products from various powder and composite bulk materials and can be applied in various fields of industry and construction.

Bulk composite and powder materials are understood as soils, concrete mixtures, ceramic masses, refractory masses, foundry molding compositions, metal powders and the like.

It is known that the most effective devices for compaction of bulk powder materials and molding of various products from them are devices that implement methods (for example, patent No. 2065357 or patent No. 2240895), based on the reproduction during the compaction and molding of the effect of "flowing wedge", that is the effect of the formation of a local fluid zone under a rigid surface, constantly pressing new portions of the material being compacted under it. At the same time, a stationary nonequilibrium state with an ordered structure is achieved in the zone, characterized by a high uniform density [see, for example, “Russian Swing ^® Technology: Self-densification of powders as a result of induced flow or SPRIT”. // Popular Concrete Science, 2005, No. 6 (8), pp. 78-83]. These devices are insensitive to changes in the composition of the materials being processed, they can compact low-moisture bulk materials, simultaneously supply, distribute, seal the material being molded and finish the upper surface of the molded product on one molding unit, control the quality of the seal during the process, and carry out the molding process with reduced noise at lack of vibration at the molding site.

For molding products from plastic and bulk materials, a device is known that contains a frame, a four-link articulated joint with a pressing member (stuffing element) mounted on its connecting rod, a drive in the form of a crank mechanism, a matrix (shape) with a drive and a device for feeding material into the matrix ( form) under the working surface of the pressing organ (A.S. SU No. 1421539, 08/30/1984, B28B 13/02).

Closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device for performing open nonequilibrium irreversible self-organization processes during molding and compaction of granular media, containing a drive means for acting on a working agent (powder material) entering the working position (form), in which the driving means for acting on the working agent, it is made in the form of a four-link hinge, consisting of an injection plate with through channels (trellised platform) with hinges but mounted thereon levers bearing on the free ends of the elements to allow the hinge suspension. At the same time, the device has a stabilizing element for eliminating extrusion of the working agent from the working position (Patent No. 2085400, 10.29.93, B44C 1/24, 5/04, B44D 3/06).

The disadvantage of these devices is the large uneven load that occurs on the drive of the drive means. Namely: a large load at the end of the stroke, when the injection plate, introducing the next portion of the powder material being formed, fits close to the upper open surface of the mold, and the minimum load (idle) when the injection plate moves from the top of the mold. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the molding process, reduces the reliability of the drive elements, increases the installed drive power.

The basis of the invention is the creation of a device for molding products from bulk powder materials, in which the load on the drive becomes more uniform, the forces on the drive elements that occur when the pressure plate interacts with the material being processed are reduced, the molding process is more efficient.

The problem is solved in that the device for molding products from bulk powder materials containing a frame, a drive, a pump plate mounted on a connecting rod of a hinged four link mounted on the frame, a device for feeding material into the mold under the working surface of the pump plate, and adjacent to the plate with the gap stabilizing and calibrating the ski is equipped with at least one compression spring pivotally attached at one end to the connecting rod and the other end to the frame above the attachment point to the connecting rod.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the articulated four-link is made in the form of an articulated parallelogram mounted on the frame so that when its levers are turned to their extreme positions, the pressure plate occupies the closest position to the open side of the mold.

And also the fact that the angle between the spring axis and the axis passing through the hinges of the lever of the articulated parallelogram, when the levers are turned to the extreme positions, corresponds to a right angle, and in the central position the spring axis is located along the axis of the lever.

The invention improves the efficiency of molding a wide range of materials, including soils, soil mixtures, concrete mixtures, ceramic masses, and can be used in the manufacture of various building products (plates, blocks, racks, lintels, etc.), in the construction of the roadway, in the manufacture refractory products, in the production of coal fuel briquettes, etc.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device for molding products from bulk powder materials, side view. Figure 2 is the same front view. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a device for forming small pieces, in which the articulated four-link is made in the form of an articulated parallelogram, side view. Figure 4 is the same front view.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - frame

2 - form

3 - drive

4 - pressure plate

5 - connecting rod

6 - lever

7 - plate stabilizing gage ski

8 - hopper

9 - spring,

10 - gear motor,

11 - backstage,

12 - crank

13 - rocker stone

β is the angle of rotation of the lever from the central to the extreme position.

A device for molding products from bulk powder materials (figures 1 and 2), contains a frame 1, which can be mounted either, for example, on wheels for the possibility of longitudinal movement of the device along the molded product, or stationary, and longitudinal movement along the molded product is carried out by moving the form 2, the drive 3, the discharge plate 4, mounted on the connecting rod 5 with levers 6 pivotally attached thereto, which are pivotally mounted on the frame, forming a four-link articulated joint with the connecting rod and frame A racer stabilizing and calibrating the ski, which prevents the displacement of the processed powder material into the molded part of the product, made in the form of, for example, a flat plate 7, a hopper 8, which serves to feed the material into the mold under the working surface of the plate and compression spring 9.

The pressure plate can be made with through channels, for example, in the form of a grate.

The plate 7 may be connected with the frame with the possibility of limited displacement relative to the frame in the transverse direction to the possible movement of the form. In this case, the surface of the plate in contact with the processed material coincides with the design surface of the molded product.

The zone of movement of the injection plate can be fenced with walls to prevent spillage of the molded material from the molding zone to the outside (the walls are not shown conventionally in the drawing).

The drive of the pressure plate can be made, for example, in the form of a gear motor 10 mounted on the frame and a rocker mechanism, the link 11 of which is rigidly connected to the pressure plate, and the crank 12 with the rocker stone 13 is mounted on the output shaft of the gear motor. As a drive, a crank, cam, and other mechanisms can be used.

As the engine, an electric, hydraulic, thermal and other engine can be used. Also, in addition to the mechanical drive described above, another drive can also be used, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.

The spring 9 is pivotally connected at one end to the connecting rod, and at the other end to the frame above the junction of the spring with the connecting rod. Moreover, the axis of rotation of the hinge of fastening the spring with the connecting rod may coincide with the axis of the hinge (as shown in figures 1 and 2) connecting the connecting rod with the lever. The force of pre-compression of the spring 9, when the lever 6 of the articulated four link is in its extreme position, is assigned so as to compensate for part of the maximum resistance to the penetration of the material into the form by a pressure plate.

When the motor gearbox 10 is turned on, the crank 12 mounted on the gearbox shaft rotates, which through the rocker 13 and the rocker 11 causes the connecting rod 5 with the pump plate 4 mounted on it to perform complex movements across the possible movement of the form relative to the device or device relative to the form. In this case, the pressure plate 4 periodically approaches the upper surface of the mold 2 and moves away from it with simultaneous lateral movement and rotation. And the spring 9, making oscillating movements relative to the place of hinge attachment to the frame, is compressed when the discharge plate is removed from the mold, loading the actuator, and is unclenched when the injection plate moves to the mold, reducing the load on the actuator. Moreover, the magnitude of this decrease corresponds to the magnitude of the pre-compression of the spring.

The device operates as follows.

The device is installed at the beginning of the molded product, which can be manufactured in mold 2, or in another shaping device. If the product is molded in separate forms, then the device or form is installed relative to each other so that the front transverse side of the form is under the plate of the stabilizing element 7 from the side adjacent to it of the injection plate 4.

The drive 3 is turned on, the pressure plate 4 starts to swing, and in place with it, the spring 9 swings, compressing and unclenching. At the same time, the plate 7 is driven into oscillatory motion either from the drive of the discharge plate, or from its own drive.

Following the inclusion of the drive, the material is fed into the hopper 8, from where the material falls under the working surface of the pressure plate 4 when it is raised, passing through the channels of the pressure plate. By swinging, the injection plate, with its working surface, which alternately rises and lowers, pumps (captures) the portions of the moldable material captured by the plate into mold 2 until the moment of backward bulging of the material in front of the injection plate 4 and above the level of the upper surface of the molded product. In this case, the penetration resistance arising on the discharge plate is balanced by the combined efforts of the drive and the spring 9. This reduces the drive power necessary for this, the load on the drive elements and increases the molding efficiency.

Upon reaching the moment of backward bulging of the material in front of the injection plate 4 and above the level of the upper surface of the molded product, continuing to feed the material, the device is moved relative to form 2, or form 2 relative to the device in the direction of the unfilled part of the form until the entire form 2 is filled and the plate 4 goes beyond the form 2. At the same time, the movement of the device or form 2 is carried out only while maintaining the effect of a fluid wedge. The plate 7 does not allow bulging of the material in the molded part of the product.

After the plate 4 leaves the mold, the process of forming the product ends,

The device for molding products from bulk powder materials shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is similar to that described above, except that two springs 9 are used, and during operation, the pressure plate 4 makes plane-parallel movements across the possible movement of the mold relative to the device, or devices regarding shape. In this case, the injection plate, swinging together with the connecting rod 5, periodically approaches the upper surface of the molded product and moves away from it with simultaneous lateral movement. The design dimensions are chosen so that the angle between each of the axes of the springs and the axis passing through the hinges of the lever (the levers are parallel), when the levers are turned to the extreme positions (by angle β), corresponds to a right angle, and in the central position the axes of the springs are located along the axes of the levers.

Claims (3)

1. A device for molding products from bulk powder materials containing a frame, a drive, a pressure plate mounted on a connecting rod of a four-link articulated link mounted on the frame, a device for feeding material into the mold under the working surface of the pressure plate, and stabilizing and calibrating adjacent to the plate with a gap ski, characterized in that the device is equipped with at least one compression spring pivotally attached at one end to the connecting rod and the other end to the frame above the attachment point to the connecting rod. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the articulated four-link is made in the form of a hinged parallelogram mounted on the frame so that when its levers are turned to their extreme positions, the pressure plate occupies the closest position to the open side of the mold. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle between the axis of the spring and the axis passing through the hinges of the lever of the articulated parallelogram, when the levers are turned to the extreme positions, corresponds to a right angle, and in the central position the axis of the spring is located along the axis of the lever.

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