RU2517228C1 - Fish fodder production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: fish fodder production method envisages mixing of fish flour, meat-and-bone meal, sunflower extraction cake, soya bean extraction cake, vegetable oil, wheat flour and PM-2 premix with ferrum-cobalt complex nanoparticles. The percentage ratio of ferrum to cobalt in the complex is equal to 70:30. The complex is introduced by the method of staged mixing and extrusion of the remaining fodder components in an amount of 30 mg per kg. Every fodder component is milled separately. Extrusion is performed at the mixture moisture content equal to 25-30% at a temperature of 60-80°C. After extrusion the produced fodder is dried at a temperature of 20-30°C till moisture content is equal to 12-15%.

EFFECT: fodder provides for metabolism intensification and fish growth intensity enhancement.

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Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry and can be used in the production of feed products for feeding fish.

A known method of preparing feed for fish, in which micronutrients are introduced into the feed in the form of metal salts (see. Collection of normative and technological documentation for commercial fish farming. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986. - P.120-121). The mineral supplement contains salts, which in the digestive tract of animals dissociate into the cation of the essential element and the anion.

The disadvantage of this method is that the salts have a toxic effect and is characterized by a relatively low bioavailability. In addition, during the dissociation of mineral components in the body, an unwanted accumulation of metal salt anions occurs.

The technical task of the present invention is to increase the nutritional value, natural resistance of the body through the use of less toxic additives - metal nanoforms with penetrating ability through cell membranes, and increase growth intensity and increase metabolism.

This object is achieved in that in a method for producing feed for growing carp, comprising mixing the components of RGM-8V compound feed, consisting of fish meal, meat and bone meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, vegetable oil, wheat flour and PM-2 premix with trace elements: iron and cobalt, introduced in the form of iron-cobalt complex nanoparticles in the ratio of 30 mg / kg feed, by the method of stepwise mixing and extrusion, grinding of each component is carried out separately, and extrusion is carried out Xia humidity at 25-30% of the mixture and at a temperature of 60-80 ° C, after extruding the product is dried at a temperature of 20-30 ° C and 12-15% humidity.

An example implementation of the method.

In an experiment on a carp model, the effect of metal nanoparticles on fish was evaluated. Used carp, age (0+), with a weighed 10-15 g, grown in the conditions of LLC Iriklaryba. In the course of research using the analogue method, six groups were formed (n = 15), which were in the same conditions during the preparatory period, lasting seven days. The main accounting period lasting forty-two days involved the use of mixed feeds in feeding fish. The diet of group I corresponded to the compound feed RGM-8B (OR) (table 1).

Table 1 Experiment design Experience period Group Preparatory (7 days) Accounting (42 days) Nature of feeding I (control) OR II OR + CoSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O and FeSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O III OP + iron microparticles IV The main diet (RR) OR + FeSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O V RR + CoSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O VI OR + nanoparticles of the iron-cobalt complex

Compound feed formulations of the remaining groups differed in the content of trace elements iron and cobalt: group II - OR + CoSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O (0.08 mg / kg feed) and FeSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O (30 mg / kg feed); Group III - OR + iron microparticles (30 mg / kg feed); Group IV - OR + FeSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O (30 mg / kg feed); Group V - OR + CoSO ₄ * 7H ₂ O (0.08 mg / kg feed) and Group VI - OR + nanoparticles of the iron-cobalt complex (30 mg / kg feed).

The main components of the compound feed were: fish meal, meat and bone meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, vegetable oil, wheat flour, PM-2 premix.

The conditions for keeping and feeding the fish were regulated by the fish-biological standards recommended by the All-Russian Research Institute of Water Resources (1986). Given the relationship of metabolic processes in fish and digestion with water temperature, during the period of research, water temperature was measured. The average water temperature was 28 ± 1 ° C.

The duration of the main accounting period was 6 weeks.

Nanoparticles of the iron-cobalt complex were synthesized by high-temperature condensation at the Migen facility. Particle size 100 ± 2 nm. The size of the microparticles of iron was 6-9 microns.

For the study, aquariums with a volume of 300 liters (125 × 70 × 40 cm) were used. Each aquarium was equipped with a system for filtering and saturating water with atmospheric oxygen (AQUAEL FAN-3), maintaining water temperature (AQUAEL AQ-300 temperature regulators).

We conducted weekly weighings of experimental carp. The dynamics of changes in live body weight of carps are presented in table 2.

table 2 Dynamics of live weight of experimental carps, g Accounting week Group I II III IV V VI Start of experience 12.8 ± 2.0 12.9 ± 2.2 12.9 ± 2.7 12.9 ± 2.9 12.9 ± 2.5 12.9 ± 2.2 one 13.6 ± 2.0 14.3 ± 1.7 14.1 ± 2.9 14.2 ± 2.7 13.9 ± 2.5 15.8 ± 2.9 2 15.4 ± 2.3 16.4 ± 2.0 16.0 ± 3.5 16.1 ± 2.5 15.4 ± 2.7 18.2 ± 3.4 3 17.2 ± 2.4 19.0 ± 2.6 17.9 ± 3.6 17.7 ± 2.3 17.5 ± 2.4 20.8 ± 3.3 four 19.3 ± 2.7 21.9 ± 3.3 20.5 ± 4.5 20.1 ± 2.2 19.2 ± 2.4 23.2 ± 3.2 5 22.1 ± 2.8 24.5 ± 3.8 22.8 ± 4.4 21.8 ± 2.2 21.2 ± 3.1 26.0 ± 3.5

Deviations from the norm by external signs were not found. All fish had a characteristic coloration. The scales are whole, shiny, with a pearlescent shade. Eyes are brilliant, not sunken into orbit. Whole fins. The body is dense, elastic.

An analysis of the obtained data shows that the presence of iron-cobalt complex nanoparticles in the diet is associated with an increase in live weight compared to the control. The effect of metal nanoparticles on the increase in live weight of experimental carp can be explained by relatively lower toxicity compared to salts, the ability of these drugs to catalyze many biochemical processes in the body, which ultimately enhances the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in the diet, increases the activity of redox reactions and metabolism substances in general (D.V. Vorobyov, Physiological and biogeochemical fundamentals of the use of trace elements in aquaculture [monograph] / D.V. Vorobyov, T.D. Iskra, V.N. Ki Illovo, V.I.Vorobev; under the general editorship V.I.Vorobeva - Astrakhan, LLC "TSNTEP", 2008. - 344 c)....

The content of chemical elements in fish tissues and used compound feeds was investigated in the laboratory of the ANO “Center for Biotic Medicine”, Moscow (accreditation certificate No. РОСС RU.0001.22ПЯ05). The elemental composition of the estimated biosubstrates was determined by atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using Optima 2000 DV and Elan 9000 instruments (Perkin Elmer, USA). Mass spectrometry methods are based on obtaining the mass spectra of ions during the evaporation of the analyte, ionization of its constituent atoms and molecules, creating an ion bunch, and then separating it under the influence of electric and magnetic fields in terms of the ratio of mass to charge and detection. The concentration of 25 elements was determined in the samples (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Li, Ni, Si, V, Al, Cd, Hg , Pb, Sn, Sr).

The chemical composition of biosubstrates and physicochemical properties were studied at the testing center of the All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Orenburg (certificate of accreditation I.Ts. No. ROSS RU 0001 21PF59).

The inclusion of iron and cobalt trace elements in various chemical forms in the carp diet had an ambiguous effect on the exchange of individual macroelements (Table 3) and essential microelements (Table 4).

The research results confirmed that nanoparticles stimulate the accumulation of macroelements and essential microelements.

Table 3 The content of macronutrients in the body of the fish, mcg / goal. Element Group I II III IV V VI Sa 89226 ± 9783 100 264 ± 9944 ^A 80792 ± 10065 81736 ± 12381 74,441 ± 11,856 ^A 112161 ± 10166 ^A K 32160 ± 3723 33785 ± 5410 31108 ± 6426 33028 ± 3637 32598 ± 4263 38516 ± 4895 ^A Mg 5819 ± 656 5615 ± 828 4603 ± 938 5196 ± 632 4938 ± 683 ^A 6696 ± 908 Na 13243 ± 1476 13996 ± 1931 12342 ± 2476 13414 ± 1808 13176 ± 1956 16008 ± 2259 ^A R 53999 ± 5999 69586 ± 9233 ^B 48272 ± 9669 45492 ± 6045 ^A 43712 ± 6414 ^A 81 608 ± 11850 ^B Note: ^A P0.05; ^{B P} 0.01; ^At P <0.001: Compare pairs of groups: I-II, I-IV, IV, I-VI.

In group VI, in the diet of which nanoparticles were introduced, an increase in the content of elements was observed: calcium by 25.8% (P <0.05), potassium by 16.5% (P <0.05), magnesium by 13.1%, sodium by 17.3% (P <0.05), phosphorus by 33.8% (P <0.001), chromium by 5.5%, copper by 20.2% (P <0.05), cobalt by 10 , 3%, iron by 35.1% (P <0.001), selenium by 9.7%, zinc by 21.4% (P <0.05), aluminum by 13.6%, lithium by 12.5% and silicon by 34.3% (P <0.001). The additive effect obtained as a result of the interaction of cobalt and iron significantly affects the balance of these metals in the organs and tissues of fish. Cobalt, interacting with iron, causes a synergistic effect, promoting the inclusion of the iron atom in the hemoglobin molecule, increasing ionization and resorption of iron, accelerating the maturation of red blood cells.

The iron content in group VI did not exceed the control values, which indicates the absence of cumulative properties of this drug and its environmental safety.

Table 4 The content of essential trace elements in the body of the fish, mcg / goal. Element Group I II III IV V VI Cr 24.5 ± 2.87 28.8 ± 4.58 21.4 ± 4.51 23.3 ± 2.37 31.2 ± 4.21 ^A 25.9 ± 3.13 Cu 9.36 ± 1.063 11.6 ± 1.679 ^A 9.33 ± 1.893 9.41 ± 1.129 10.9 ± 1.546 11.7 ± 1.573 ^A With 0.35 ± 0.038 0.37 ± 0.047 0.20 ± 0.039 0.29 ± 0.042 ^A 0.28 ± 0.045 ^A 0.39 ± 0.059 Fe 152.9 ± 17.29 198.9 ± 28.13 ^A 152.1 ± 30.78 151.9 ± 18.62 141.2 ± 19.53 235.6 ± 32.82 ^V I 2.25 ± 0.259 1.44 ± 0.271 ^V 2.29 ± 0.470 3.19 ± 0.399 ^V 2.67 ± 0.366 ^A 2.19 ± 0.268 Mn 20.8 ± 2.28 17.9 ± 2.29 14.5 ± 2.88 15.9 ± 2.37 ^B 16.5 ± 2.61 ^A 18.1 ± 2.68 Se 2.77 ± 0.316 2.77 ± 0.426 2.74 ± 0.558 2.79 ± 0.331 2.74 ± 0.375 3.12 ± 0.407 Zn 577.5 ± 63.8 596.8 ± 79.2 455.0 ± 90.9 525.1 ± 73.6 504.6 ± 76.7 734.9 ± 107.1 ^A As 1.24 ± 0.141 1.34 ± 0.199 1.48 ± 0.299 1.32 ± 0.162 1.29 ± 0.182 1.89 ± 0.260 ^V AT 4.34 ± 0.487 4.26 ± 0.615 4.44 ± 0.893 4.05 ± 0.511 4.29 ± 0.619 4.23 ± 0.567 Li 0.21 ± 0.023 0.22 ± 0.030 0.13 ± 0.027 0.14 ± 0.017 ^V 0.14 ± 0.019 ^V 0.24 ± 0.034 Ni 5.66 ± 0.621 3.99 ± 1.529 ^B 3.48 ± 0.694 3.97 ± 0.583 ^B 4.09 ± 0.644 ^B 5.08 ± 0.752 Si 78.3 ± 9.31 102.6 ± 16.5 ^A 82.2 ± 17.2 82.1 ± 8.13 81.0 ± 9.89 119.2 ± 15.1 ^V V 1.63 ± 0.180 1.34 ± 0.183 ^A 1.18 ± 0.237 1.40 ± 0.193 1.46 ± 0.222 1.45 ± 0.205 Note: ^A P <0.05; ^B P <0.01; ^At P <0.001: Compare pairs of groups: I-II, I-IV, IV, I-VI.

Changes in the composition of animal feed using trace elements of iron and cobalt were accompanied by significant changes in individual toxic elements in fish tissues (Table 5).

The content of toxic elements in the fish body does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, which indicates the environmental safety of metal nanoparticles.

Table 5 The content of toxic elements in the body of fish, mcg / goal. Element Group I II III IV V VI Al 47.0 ± 5.49 50.9 ± 8.30 43.0 ± 9.01 41.5 ± 4.07 40.5 ± 4.89 54.5 ± 6.73 Cd 0.058 ± 0.007 0.055 ± 0.009 0.052 ± 0.012 0,054 ± 0,006 0,053 ± 0,007 0.078 ± 0.010 ^B Hg 0.101 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.018 0.104 ± 0.022 0.117 ± 0.013 0.098 ± 0.012 0.114 ± 0.014 Pb 0.442 ± 0.049 0.473 ± 0.066 0.306 ± 0.060 0.389 ± 0.049 0.383 ± 0.055 0.429 ± 0.059 Sn 0.801 ± 0.092 0.791 ± 0.125 0.665 ± 0.138 0.699 ± 0.075 0.682 ± 0.088 ^A 1.37 ± 0.189 ^V Sr 584.5 ± 63.9 466.7 ± 57.7 ^B 364.4 ± 72.4 405.5 ± 63.0 ^V 397.5 ± 64.6 ^V 561.5 ± 85.6 Note: ^A P <0.05; ^B P <0.01; ^At P <0.001: Compare pairs of groups: I-II, I-IV, IV, I-VI.

From the foregoing, it shows that the introduction of iron-cobalt complex nanoparticles contributes to the intensive accumulation of live weight due to the positive effect on the absorption of proteins, carbohydrates and essential trace elements. Nanoparticles activate the enzyme, immune and humoral systems of the body, helping to increase metabolism and assimilation of nutrients in the diet.

Claims (1)

Method for the production of fish feed, characterized by mixing the components of the RGM-8V compound feed, consisting of fish meal, meat and bone meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, vegetable oil, wheat flour and PM-2 premix with trace elements: iron and cobalt introduced into the formulation in the form 100 ± 2 nm iron-cobalt complex nanoparticles synthesized by high-temperature condensation, the resulting complex has a percentage of iron to cobalt equal to 70 by 30 and is introduced in a dosage of 30 mg / kg to feed, using the stepwise method about mixing and extrusion, grinding of each component is carried out separately, and extrusion is carried out at a mixture humidity of 25-30% and at a temperature of 60-80 ° C, after extrusion, the resulting feed is dried at a temperature of 20-30 ° C to a moisture content of 12-15%.