RU2517062C1 - Method of evaluation of growth rate of bull-calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method enables to evaluate the growth rate of bull-calves according to the nature of the regulatory influence of thyrotropic hormones on metabolic processes of free amino acids. The method of evaluation of the growth rate of bull-calves comprises determining the magnitude of relationship between the main indices of protein metabolism of the body and the activity of the enzymes, namely in the blood serum of bull-calves the concentration of total protein, urea, thyroxine, thyrotropic hormone is determined, and the body thyroid background index (BTBI) is calculated by the formula: $$BTBI=\frac{TP\cdot {Т}_4}{Urea\cdot TTH},$$

where BTBI is body thyroid background index, conv. units; TP is total protein concentration in the blood serum, g/l; Urea is urea concentration in blood serum, mmol/l; TTH is thyrotropic hormone concentration in blood serum, mIU/l; T₄ is the concentration of thyroxin in blood serum, mIU/l; at the BTBI value of 27.00-42.98 conventional units the level of average daily live weight gain of bull-calves will be less than 800 g, while at the BTBI value of 107.78-123.20 conventional units - more than 800 g.

EFFECT: invention increases the informational content and versatility of the method for different breeds, enables in the meat production cycle to determine periods of high and low growth rate of animals and adjust timely their feeding and maintenance to achieve higher productivity indices and the final product yield.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to livestock. This method allows you to evaluate the growth rate of calves during life, depending on the level of thyroid background of the body, which determines the intensity of anabolic processes.

A known method for identifying bulls with high meat productivity potential of black-motley, Kholmogorsk and Hereford breeds by the rate of protein turnover in muscle tissue is based on the determination of creatinine and 3-methylhistidine concentrations in the daily urine collection, which characterize, respectively, the protein fund of muscle tissue and the rate of degradation proteins, and the calculation of their level of relative rate of degradation of muscle proteins (ODB) according to the formula:

.

.

Gobies with ODB value of 2.6-3.5% per day conditionally refer to animals with low meat productivity potential, and with values of 1.4-2.5% per day - to gobies with high meat productivity potential [1]. The disadvantage of this method is: the complexity of collecting a daily portion of urine; In addition, the intensity of muscle protein turnover is determined not so much by the implementation of the body’s genetic program, but by the balance of nitrogen-fed diets. Therefore, the bulls of different directions of productivity can be characterized by the same ODB value.

There is also a method for predicting the productivity of young animals, based on determining the relationship between the daily dynamics of the hormone cortisol (after 1.5 hours) and live weight, the level of average daily gain in live weight in 3-month-old animals [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of taking blood to assess the daily dynamics of the hormone.

There is a method of selecting young sheep for precocity by biochemical parameters of blood at an early age. It consists in the fact that the concentration of total protein, DNA and RNA is determined in blood of two-month-old lambs in the blood, on the basis of which the ratio of RNA / DNA, protein / DNA, protein / RNA is calculated, and then elasticity coefficients for them with live weight are calculated. Animals having a protein elasticity coefficient level of 1.20; RNA / DNA ratios 3.10; protein / DNA 3.21 and protein / RNA 1.39 are classified as fast-growing [3]. The disadvantages of this method are: 1) the possibility of using the method only to predict the meat productivity of sheep; 2) special equipment is required to determine the concentration of RNA and DNA; 3) performing statistical processing is a laborious process.

The closest analogue of the invention, selected as a prototype, is a method for predicting meat productivity in bulls of Hereford breed by the value of the growth index, which includes determining in blood the concentration of the main indicators of protein metabolism (albumin, globulin, the activity of the enzymes AlAT, AsAT). With an IR value of 0.78-0.86, the average daily gain in live weight of animals will be more than 800 g, and with 1.12-1.27 - less than 800 g [4].

The disadvantage of this method is that this method: 1) is designed only for gobies of meat production direction, characterized by a genetically incorporated high growth rate and intensity of protein metabolism: 2) allows you to characterize the growth rate only up to 6 months of age.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for assessing the growth rate of calves obtained from cows of the milk direction of productivity, based on the calculation of the index of the thyroid background of the body, which includes the main metabolites of protein metabolism and thyroid status.

, гдеThis goal is achieved by calculating the index - the index of the thyroid background of the body (ITFO, conventional units) according to the formula:

where

ABOUT - the concentration of total protein in blood serum, g / l;

Urine - urea concentration in blood serum, mmol / l;

TSH - the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood serum, mIU / l;

T ₄ - the concentration of thyroxine in serum, mIU / L.

The index is the ratio of the product of indicators, the level of which reflects the degree of influence of the thyroid background in the body of gobies on the ratio of anabolic and catabolic processes, which determines their growth rate.

The biological meaning of this index is as follows. A decrease in the blood serum of gobies, the concentration of the thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland is accompanied by an increase in the level of thyroxine, which is accompanied by a decrease in the rate of “peripheral” deiodination of T ₄ (prohormone, inactive form) to triiodothyronine (active form of the hormone). Against this background, the rate of utilization of free amino acids decreases, characterized by the ratio of total protein to urea, which contributes to the deposition of nitrogen in the animal organism and, accordingly, determines the rate of their growth.

In our studies of calves of Simmental and black-motley breeds grown for meat, the value of ITFO depended on the level of absolute average daily gain in live weight during certain periods of the technological cycle. With an average daily gain in live weight of 623.0 ± 52.38 - 756.0 ± 65.44 g, ITFO ranged from 27.00-42.98 conventional units, with an increase of 800.0 ± 55.25 - 889.0 ± 54.86 g within 107.78-123.20 conventional units

As a result of a comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype, we can conclude that the claimed method for predicting meat productivity in gobies obtained from cows of the milk direction of productivity allows us to objectively assess the growth rate and the level of average daily gain in live weight, because it is based on the regulatory influence of the thyroid background of the body on the processes of utilization of free amino acids. Since there are no other technical solutions based on the calculation of the index of the thyroid background of the body, calculated by the concentration of total protein, urea, thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone, the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

Features that distinguish the proposed technical solution from the prototype:

1. The proposed method characterizes not only the ratio of anabolic and catabolic processes in the body of gobies, but also reflects the regulatory effect of thyroid hormones on the activity of utilization of amino acids, which increases its information content and makes it more universal.

2. The method allows to evaluate the growth rate of both Simmental bulls and black-motley bulls throughout the entire technological cycle.

An analysis of the known technical solutions in the field of animal husbandry indicates the absence in them of signs similar to the distinguishing features in the claimed method. This allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step", as for a specialist it does not explicitly follow from the prior art.

Execution example. A method for assessing the growth rate of gobies was tested on the basis of the SEC "Dawn" (Bikeshevo village) of the Baymak district of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2011-2012.

The object of the study was the gobies of Simmental and black-motley breeds from birth to 18 months of age, grown for meat according to the technology of dairy cattle breeding. The dairy period on the farm was 6 months.

Of the animals, on the principle of approximate analogues, two experimental groups were formed (n = 10): group I consisted of calves of the Simmental breed, and group II was black-and-white. The diet on the farm is balanced by the main nutrients and biologically active substances in accordance with the norms of the VIZh. Feed in the farm was prepared in compliance with the requirements of the technology and according to quality indicators belonged to 1-2 classes.

The dynamics of live weight was studied by monthly individual weighing in the morning before feeding for two adjacent days, the results of which calculated the absolute average daily gain in live weight.

The study material was blood, which was taken from the jugular vein. In the blood serum, the concentration of thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); total protein and urea by the colorimetric method using the Klini-test reagent kits [5].

Table

- The dynamics of growth in live weight, blood counts and ITFO values (n = 10),

Indicator I experimental group Age, month 3 6 9 12 fifteen eighteen Daily average g 723.0 ± 54.97 833.0 ± 68.03 889.0 ± 54.86 756.0 ± 65.44 745.0 ± 80.33 700.0 ± 43.33 Total protein, g / l 70.36 ± 1.06 76.3 ± 1.63 74.13 ± 1.43 74.69 ± 1.65 76.13 ± 2.19 75.86 ± 1.08 Urea, mmol / L 2.7 ± 0.17 2.5 ± 0.25 2.42 ± 0.34 4.70 ± 0.19 3.6 ± 0.27 3.0 ± 0.26 T ₄ , mIU / l 8.6 ± 0.67 10.8 ± 0.64 10.9 ± 0.7 10.47 ± 0.87 9.37 ± 0.93 9.8 ± 0.86 TTG, mIU / l 8.3 ± 0.63 2.8 ± 0.3 2.71 ± 0.19 4.33 ± 0.47 4.71 ± 0.38 6.3 ± 0.49 ITFO, conv. 27.00 ± 1.50 117.72 ± 2.30 123.20 ± 2.35 38.42 ± 3.10 42.06 ± 3.20 39.33 ± 4.43 II experimental group Indicator Age, month 3 6 9 12 fifteen eighteen Daily average g 689.0 ± 41.79 745.0 ± 43.51 800.0 ± 55.25 734.0 ± 24.08 623.0 ± 52.38 689.0 ± 52.17 Total protein, g / l 71.78 ± 1.06 74.13 ± 0.97 76.00 ± 1.48 72.59 ± 1.52 73.58 ± 1.44 74.31 ± 1.93 Urea, mmol / L 3.00 ± 0.26 4.20 ± 0.22 2,50 ± 0,25 4.3 ± 0.23 3.20 ± 0.18 2.90 ± 0.22 T ₄ , mIU / l 10.6 ± 0.93 10.3 ± 0.67 10.92 ± 1.2 10.62 ± 0.63 10.05 ± 0.65 8.91 ± 0.96 TTG, mIU / l 5.9 ± 0.41 4.7 ± 0.38 3.08 ± 0.24 5.1 ± 0.29 6.5 ± 0.73 6.05 ± 0.4 ITFO, conv. 42.98 ± 3.17 38.67 ± 2.25 107.78 ± 3.29 35.15 ± 4.41 35.55 ± 1.32 37.73 ± 2.19

The digital material obtained in the experiments was subjected to biometric processing using the Microsoft Excel program.

Regardless of the calf breed, the index of the thyroid background of the body at the level of average daily gain in live weight of 623.0 ± 52.38 - 756.0 ± 65.44 g ranged from 27.00-42.98 conventional units, and with an increase of 800 , 0 ± 55.25 - 889.0 ± 54.86 g within 107.78-123.20 conventional units

в организме животных. В условиях повышения скорости отложения азота в теле животных, снижалась концентрация мочевины и увеличивалась величина отношения

, что обеспечивалось снижением уровня секреции гипофизом тиреотропного гормона, регулирующим скорость периферического дейодирования Т₄ в трийодтиронин. В совокупности данные факторы не только создавали основу для более высокой скорости роста бычков, но и определяли значение ИТФО в пределах 107,78-123,20 усл.ед. Наоборот, при менее интенсивной скорости роста бычков концентрация ТТГ в крови была более высокой, а Т₄ - более низкой, что увеличивало скорость распада аминокислот до конечных продуктов (мочевины) и влияло на значение ИТФО, понижая его до 27,00-42,98 усл.ед.Thus, the growth rate of calves of Simmental and black-motley breeds during the period of growing on meat depended on the regulatory influence of thyroid-stimulating hormones on the level of utilization of free amino acids

in animals. Under conditions of increasing the rate of nitrogen deposition in the animal’s body, the urea concentration decreased and the ratio increased

This was ensured by a decrease in the level of secretion of the thyroid-stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland, which regulates the rate of peripheral deiodination of T ₄ to triiodothyronine. In aggregate, these factors not only created the basis for a higher growth rate of bulls, but also determined the value of ITFO within 107.78-123.20 srvc. Conversely, at a less intense growth rate of calves, the concentration of TSH in the blood was higher, and T ₄ was lower, which increased the rate of decomposition of amino acids to end products (urea) and affected the value of ITFO, lowering it to 27.00-42.98 conv.ed

Using the proposed method for assessing the growth rate of calves obtained from cows of the milk production direction, in the technological cycle of meat production, in comparison with the existing method, it is possible to determine the periods of "high" and "low" growth rates of animals and timely adjust their feeding and keeping in order to obtain higher indicators of productivity and final output of finished products.

Bibliography:

1. Yerimbetov, K.T. Protein metabolism in growing gobies and pigs and factors of its regulation: Abstract. dis. ... doctor. biol. Sciences [Text] / K.T. Yerimbetov. - Borovsk: VNIIIFBiP s.kh. animals, 2007 .-- 43 p.

2. SU 1717039 A1, 1992, bull. No. 9.

3. Afanasyeva, T.P. Prediction of the productivity level of sheep of the North Caucasian meat-wool breed by biochemical indicators / T.P. Afanasyev // Abstract. dis. ... Ph.D. - Stavropol: SNIIZHiK, 2008 .-- 24 p.

4. RU 22360411, 2009, bull. No. 19.

5. Methods of veterinary clinical laboratory diagnostics: reference book / I.P. Kondrakhin, A.V. Arkhipov, V.I. Levchenko [et al.] / Ed. prof. I.P. Kondrakhina. - M .: KolosS, 2004 .-- 520 p.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the growth rate of gobies, including determining the relationship between the main indicators of the body's protein metabolism and enzyme activity, characterized in that the concentration of total protein, urea, thyroxin, thyroid stimulating hormone is determined in the blood serum of gobies and the thyroid background index of the body (ITFO) is calculated by the formula :

where ITFO is the index of the thyroid background of the body, conv. ABOUT - the concentration of total protein in blood serum, g / l; Urine - urea concentration in blood serum, mmol / l; TSH - the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood serum, mIU / l; T ₄ - the concentration of thyroxine in serum, mIU / l; with an ITFO value of 27.00-42.98 conventional units, the average daily gain in live weight of gobies will be less than 800 g, and with an ITFO value of 107.78-123.20 conventional units, more than 800 g.