RU2704996C1 - Method for milking cows ration improvement in lactation period in conditions of extreme north - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock sector, in particular, to a method for improving ration of milking cows in conditions of Extreme North. Method involves introduction of a biologically active additive in the form of a dry mass of leaves of Serratula coronata containing 20-hydroxyecdysone into the main ration of animals. Dry mass of Serratula coronata leaves is introduced in amount of 6 to 7 g/kg into the cows diet daily during the lactation period once a day in dose of 150 g/head.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to activate protein biosynthesis and to increase daily milk yield.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular, to feeding animals and can be used to improve the diet and increase the milk productivity of cows in the Far North.

A known method of improving the diet of sheep in the Far North [RU 2624219 C1, 07/03/2017], selected for the prototype. The method includes adding to the animal feed a feed additive from Crowned Serpaha. The feed additive is a dry mass of leaves of crowned serpent with a content of 20-hydroxyecdysone 0.7 weight. %, which is added to the ewes in the lactation period in the main diet once a day in the amount of 15 g / goal.

The method allows to increase the milk productivity of sheep and thereby increase the growth energy of lambs.

The disadvantage is that the method is aimed only at increasing milk production in ewes and cannot be used to increase the productivity of dairy cows.

The intensification of milk production in the Far North requires the use of fodder products, allowing to realize the genetically determined potential of cow productivity, reduce production costs and increase the profitability of obtaining products. The solution to this problem is facilitated by the use of, including adaptogen plants containing phytoecdysteroids, with a wide range of biological effects on animals. A striking representative of this group is the crowned serpent (Serratulacoronata), in which a large number of ecdysteroids are found [Phytoecdysteroids / Ed. V.V. Volodina. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2003.293 s.]. On laboratory animals, it was shown that serpukh ecdysteroids are low toxic, do not cause inflammatory and allergic reactions, have a pronounced metabolic effect [V. Volodin, SI Mataev. Ecdysteroid-containing plants - sources of new adaptogens // Vestn. Biotechnol., 2011. V. 7. No. 2. S. 52-59.].

The present invention is to develop a new way to improve the diet of dairy cows during lactation, ensuring the quality of the animals in the Far North.

The technical result consists in improving the productivity and normalization of impaired functions, including increasing the milk yield and reproductive ability of cows, normalizing the ratio of protein fractions and lowering the level of urea.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of improving the diet of dairy cows in the Far North, including the introduction into the diet of animals of biologically active additives in the form of dry mass of leaves of crowned serpent containing 20-hydroxyecdysone, according to the invention, a biologically active additive with a content of 20-hydroxyecdysone from 6 g / kg up to 7 g / kg is introduced into the main diet of cows daily during the lactation period once a day at a dose of 150 g / goal. In the particular case, the dietary supplement is mixed with animal feed.

The method is as follows. Crowned leaves are harvested during the vegetation phase, mass budding or the beginning of flowering. It was experimentally established that in these phases of development the content of ecdysteroids is maximum. Dairy cows during lactation (including the second, third and fourth months of lactation) are introduced into the main diet a biologically active additive of dry mass of leaves of Crowned Serpent, harvested during the growing season, mass budding or the beginning of flowering with a content of 20-hydroxyecdysone from 6 g / kg up to 7 g / kg. Every day during the period of lactation, dairy cows once a day in the feed add a dietary supplement in a dose of 150 g / head. Dry dietary supplement is mixed with animal feed, for example with compound feed.

Example.

During the 90 days of the stall period at the dairy complex of Prigorodnoye OJSC in Syktyvkar, we studied the effect of feeding leaves of crown-sickle on milk production, reproduction rates and metabolism of dairy lactating cows.

For the experiment, two groups (experimental and control) of cows of the Kholmogory breed were formed in the second or third month of lactation, with 18 animals in each. The groups were formed according to the principle of steam analogs, while the main indicators of similarity were considered the level of productivity for the previous lactation, the date of calving, the average daily milk yield during the test, the fat and protein content in milk, lactation in a row and live weight.

According to the experimental design, to the cows of the experimental group, 150 g / head of dry weight of leaves of crowned serpent containing from 6 g / kg to 7 g / kg of 20-hydroxyecdysone was added to the diet, once a day, with feed. The norm of the leaves of serpukha remained unchanged throughout the entire period of the experiment.

The diets of feeding the cows of both groups were the same, with the exception of the studied factor. The balance of feeding was monitored according to the recommended standards of VIZH (2003). Household diets, taking into account the productivity of cows, consisted of 5 kg of cereal hay, 20 kg of grass and grass silage, 5 kg of potatoes, 0.8-1.2 kg of granulated beet pulp, 0.4-0.6 kg of molasses, 0, 25-0.35 kg of felucene, 9.0-14.0 kg of granular feed for dairy cows, 30 g of common salt and 50 g of tricalcium phosphate. 1 kg of dry matter of diets contained 10.4-10.9 MJ of exchange energy, 146-155 g of crude protein, 105-115 g of digestible protein, 19.6-21, 6% crude fiber, 57.1-64.6 g sugar. Those. they were balanced by basic nutritional indicators, with the exception of sugar. Sugar protein ratio was 0.55: 1 with a minimum rate of 0.8: 1.

Eatability of the diet was taken into account by conducting periodic control weighings of specified feeds and their residues. Accounting showed that the introduction into the diet of dairy cows of the leaves of the serpukha crowned did not affect the total consumption of the main diet. The cows ate the biologically active additive with compound feed without residue, the phenomena of failure and poisoning were not noted.

Milk productivity was assessed by monthly control milking. Table 1 shows the milk production of cows during the experiment. The inclusion of crowned serpent cows in the studied dose in the diet led to a significant increase in the daily milk yield of natural fat cows from 26.6 to 28.5 l, while maintaining the mass fraction of protein and milk fat at the control level (Table 1).

* differences between groups are statistically significant at p≤0.05.

** MJ, MDB - mass fraction of fat and protein, respectively.

To assess the effect of the biologically active additive of the crown-sickle on the reproductive ability of experimental cows, the timing of calving and insemination, the duration of the service period were recorded. As a result of the studies, a tendency toward normalization of reproductive functions in cows treated with leaves of serpukha was revealed. The average duration of the period from calving to fruitful insemination in the cows of the experimental group was 78 days, which is 11 days less (lower) than in the control.

To assess the physiological state of the animals at the end of the experiment, we took and biochemical studies of blood serum and urine. Serum analysis for the content of the studied parameters was carried out by photometry using the appropriate reagent kits of Vital Diagnostics SPb. Urine was obtained by natural urination and the express was examined using the Combi-Screen®-10 and Bioscan® test strips. Table 2 shows the results of a biochemical study of blood serum.

Note: marked * significance of differences between these groups (p≤0.05). Legend: A / G - the ratio of albumin to globulins, AsAT - aspartate aminotransferase, AlAT - alanine aminotransferase, AsAT / AlAT - de Ritis coefficient, alkaline phosphatase - alkaline phosphatase, GGT - gamma-glutamyltransferase, LDH - lactate dehydrogenase.

All studied biochemical parameters of blood and urine in cows of both groups did not go beyond physiological norms. However, the concentration of total protein was significantly lower in cows treated with leaves of serpukha. Differences between groups in the concentration of total protein were associated with the globulin fraction, which was significantly higher in control cows. The ratio of albumin to globulins (A / G coefficient) in the blood of cows of the experimental group exceeded the control by 13.7%, and the level of urea was 7.8% lower than their counterparts from the control group (Table 2).

Thus, the lactogenic effect of phytoecdysteroids of serpukha was not accompanied by an increase in the total protein and albumin in the blood. However, there was a normalization of the ratio of protein fractions, as well as a decrease in the level of urea. All this indirectly indicates a decrease in the catabolism of amino acids on the one hand, and on the other, their more intensive use in protein biosynthesis. Therefore, in the body of the cows of the experimental group, the processes of protein biosynthesis proceeded more intensively than in their analogues.

All experimental cows showed low blood glucose, but in animals of the experimental group, the glucose level was significantly lower than the control by almost one and a half times - 1.37 in the experiment and 1.94 mmol / l in the control. Despite the deficiency of glucose in the blood, activation of gluconeogenesis due to the transamination of amino acids, as well as increased lipolysis, did not occur. The activity of both aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) in the cows of the experimental group was slightly lower than in the control analogues, and the cholesterol level in both groups was almost the same.

Urinalysis performed using test strips gave a negative result for the presence of bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone bodies, glucose, protein, red blood cells, white blood cells and microorganisms. The average concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) in the urine of cows is 8.0-8.4, specific gravity is 1.008-1.017.

All these data indicate that, under the influence of an improved feed additive (biologically active) serpukha diet, in dairy cows, protein biosynthesis proceeded more intensively, which had a positive effect on daily milk yield, which increased by 7.1% and normalization of reproductive functions, service -period decreased by 11 days.

Claims (2)

1. A method of improving the diet of dairy cows in the Far North, including the introduction into the main diet of animals of a biologically active additive in the form of dry weight of leaves of crowned serpent containing 20-hydroxyecdysone, characterized in that the biologically active additive with a content of 20-hydroxyecdysone from 6 to 7 g / kg is introduced into the diet of cows daily during the lactation period once a day at a dose of 150 g / goal. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the biologically active additive is mixed with animal feed.