RU2514982C2 - Freight car bogie and freight car - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of invention relates to railway equipment, particularly to freight bar bogies. Bogie comprises two mounted axles, two solebars, bearing seats, bolster, brakes, first and second connecting rods. The latter cross in X-like manner to extend through bores made on both sides of bolster inner part. Said rods are separated at cross point. Solebars comprise support elements symmetric about bolster centre line. Said support elements are rigidly fixed at every solebar. Note here that they interact with rod ends via tapered rubber sleeves. Freight car consists of the body and bogie described above.

EFFECT: higher stiffness of the bogie, hence, higher speed.

14 cl, 8 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to transport equipment and, more specifically, to a freight wagon trolley and freight wagon.

BACKGROUND

The connection between the two side frames of a three-element cast steel trolley in the horizontal plane is carried out using a central spring, a sprung beam, a guide device for the side frame and axle box, which includes bearings for bearings and bearings. Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a wagon of a freight car according to the prior art. As shown in FIG. 1, the freight wagon trolley 100 has loose connections, and the rigidity of the rhomboid resistance of the two side frames is low. When the vehicle moves at high speed, the wheelsets are strained due to various deviations of the railway track, thus, a diamond-shaped displacement between the two side frames easily occurs. Referring again to FIG. 1, a distance d is formed between the two side frames, resulting in a wavy movement of the freight car, thus, the flanges of the wheels are seriously worn out, and the likelihood of derailment increases. The case of diamond-shaped deformation of the truck 100 of the freight car is shown in FIG.

In addition, the wheel pairs are connected and positioned by means of contact between the bearing seats and the upper surfaces of the side frame guide device, which is a steel-steel friction pair, according to the type of dry friction connection. The form of dry friction between the bearing seats and the upper surfaces of the side frame guide device causes a large difference in the friction forces between the empty wagon and the loaded wagon. When the vehicle moves along a curved line, the wheel flanges between the wheelsets and the rails are large, so tending to radial positions and self-returning are not possible to implement, causing problems such as more severe abrasion to the flange of the wheels and abrasive wear between bearing seats and side frames.

Moreover, the design of the side supports with gaps are used on both sides on the upper part of the nadressornoj beam. The design of the side supports with gaps are not able to provide the damping effect of the car body for the stability of the truck, thus, the reliability of the vehicle is reduced.

Moreover, the designs of steel channel brake beams are used on both sides of the side surfaces of the nadressornoj beam. The steel channel brake beam is a welded structure that has potential safety hazards and high maintenance costs.

The above technical drawbacks of a freight wagon trolley affect the operation of a freight wagon trolley when moving along a straight line and a curved line with varying degrees, reduce the operating speed and stability of a freight wagon, and increase operating and maintenance costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a freight wagon and a freight wagon, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod intersecting in the form of an “X”, are designed for resilient connection with side frames in order to increase the rigidity of the rhomboid resistance of the freight wagon and further increase operating speed of a three-element cast steel trolley and the ability to adapt to deviations of the railway track.

To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a freight wagon trolley, which includes two designs of wheelsets, two side frames located on the outside of the wheelsets, bearing seats located on the outside of the wheelsets and under the side frames, a spring bar, rigidly connected to the central regions of the two side frames, and the main brake devices located on both sides of the nadressornoj beam. The freight car truck further includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod.

The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod intersect in the form of "X", passing through the provided holes on both sides of the inner part of the nadresornoy beam. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are separated from each other in the intersection. The first connecting rod includes a first end and a second end. The second connecting rod includes a third end and a fourth end. The first end and the third end are elastically connected to one of the side frames and are symmetrical about the center line of the nadressornoj beam. The second end and the fourth end are elastically connected to the other side frame and are symmetrical about the center line of the nadressornoj beam.

In the truck of a freight car, two support elements symmetrical with respect to the center line of the spring bar are firmly placed on each of the side frames, respectively. Support elements are provided with conical rubber bushings. The first end and the second end, the third end and the fourth end, respectively, are elastically connected to the four support elements by means of conical rubber bushings.

In the carriage of a freight car, threaded holes are made appropriately at the first end and second end, third end and fourth end, and at four support elements. The threaded holes in the first end and the second end, the third end and the fourth end, respectively, coincide with the threaded holes in the respective four support elements. Four ends and four support elements are bolted together by means of a clutch between bolts and nuts. The cotter pins are inserted under the nuts to prevent unscrewing the bolts. Tapered rubber bushings are located between the threaded holes and bolts.

The freight car truck further includes axle box elastic positioning devices located between the bearing housings and side frames to obtain longitudinal, transverse and vertical elastic deformation between the bearing housings and the side frames.

In a freight wagon, the axle box elastic positioning device includes an expandable rubber gasket corresponding in shape to a bearing housing, and an upper steel gasket and a lower steel gasket having the same shape as the expanding rubber gasket. An expanding rubber gasket is placed between the upper steel gasket and the lower steel gasket. Vulcanized joints are provided between the upper steel gasket, the expanding rubber gasket and the lower steel gasket.

In the truck of a freight car, the central part of the axle box elastic positioning device is connected to the bearing housing and the side frame using a locating pin.

In the truck of a freight car, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are placed in a plane in which the center line of the axles of the two wheelsets is located.

In the trolley of a freight car, a nadressor beam is formed by interfacing the upper and lower casting molds with built-in cores.

In the wagon trolley, the side frame is formed by interfacing the upper and lower molds with built-in cores.

In the wagon trolley, the main brake device includes a composite brake beam. The composite brake beam includes a single, arcuate beam, struts connected to the central sections of the front rod and the rear rod of the arcuate beam, and compound brake pads with a high coefficient of friction, located at the two ends of the arcuate beam.

In the truck of the freight car on the outer surfaces of the composite brake pads with a high coefficient of friction, sliders are placed to move along the rail guides on the side frames. Wear slide sleeves for sliders are mounted on the sliders.

The freight car truck additionally includes double-acting resilient lateral bearings with constant contact placed on both sides of the upper part of the nadressornoj beam. The double-acting resilient lateral bearings with constant contact include side support sockets, side support housings pressed onto the side support seats, roller seats located on the sides of the side support seats, and rollers mounted in the roller seats.

Wear-resistant plates are placed in the truck carriage on the upper surfaces of the double-acting double side elastic side supports with constant contact.

The freight wagon trolley further includes a trolley center plate located in the central part of the pressurized beam and a wear plate of the center plate located on the trolley central plate.

To achieve the above objectives, the present invention further provides a freight wagon, which includes a wagon body and a trolley. A trolley is a freight wagon trolley described above.

From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that the freight carriage and freight car proposed in the present invention use the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, intersecting in the form of "X", subject to elastic connection with the side frames. The mechanism of four connecting rods controls the front and rear, left and right displacements and the diamond-shaped deformation of two side frames, i.e. the rigidity of the rhomboid deformation resistance of the freight wagon trolley is increased in order to further increase the operating speed of a three-element cast steel trolley. Moreover, elastic joints are provided between the connecting rods and the side frames. The side frames can be rotated in the vertical direction relative to the connecting rods in order to improve the ability of the three-piece cast steel trolley to adapt to deviations of the railway track.

The technical solutions of the present invention are further shown in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given herein below by way of illustration only and thus not limiting the present invention, and where:

figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a truck of a freight car according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a structure of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a structure of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention; FIG.

4 is a schematic structural view of the connections between the connecting rods and the side frames of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 5A is a front view of a boxy elastic positioning device of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention;

5B is a schematic view illustrating an enlarged structure of the axle box elastic positioning device of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention;

6 is a schematic representation of the operation of a freight car truck in a straight line in accordance with the present invention; and

7 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a freight car truck in a curved line in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a freight wagon trolley, which includes two designs of wheelsets, two side frames located on the outside of the wheelsets, bearing housings located on the outside of the wheelsets and under the side frames, a sprung beam rigidly connected to the central areas two side frames, and the main brake devices located on both sides of the nadressornoj beam. The freight car truck further includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod intersect in the form of "X", passing through the provided holes on both sides of the inner part of the nadresornoy beam. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are separated from each other in the intersection. The first connecting rod includes a first end and a second end. The second connecting rod includes a third end and a fourth end. The first end and the third end are elastically connected to one of the side frames and are symmetrical about the center line of the nadressornoj beam. The second end and the fourth end are elastically connected to the other side frame and are symmetrical about the center line of the nadressornoj beam.

Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of a structure of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention. As shown in figure 2, the wagon of the freight car is mainly formed by side frames 1, designs 2 wheelsets, axle box elastic positioning devices 3, a polymer wear pad 4 of the central plate of the trolley on the Central plate of the trolley, nadresornoy beam 5, elastic side supports 6 double action with constant contact, the first connecting rod 71, the second connecting rod 72, shock-absorbing central suspension device 8 with variable friction, compound brake pads kami 9 with a high coefficient of friction, compound brake beams 10 of the main brake devices, devices 11 double row bearings with tapered rollers and seats 12 for bearings.

Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of a truck of a freight car in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the first connecting rod 71 and the second connecting rod 72 intersect in the form of an “X”, passing through the provided holes on both sides of the interior of the pressure beam 5. The first connecting rod 71 and the second connecting rod 72 are separated from each other in crossing section. The first connecting rod 71 includes a first end 711 and a second end 712. The second connecting rod 72 includes a third end 721 and a fourth end 722. The first end 711 and the third end 721 are resiliently connected to one of the two side frames 1 and are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the pressurized beam 5. The second end 712 and the fourth end 722 are resiliently connected to the other side frame 1 and are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the pressurized beam 5. The design of the connecting rods may prevent the rhombus prominent deformation between the side frames and create a small trapezoidal deformation.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the connections between the connecting rods and the side frames of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, in combination with FIG. 2, two support elements 13 symmetrical with respect to the center line of the pressure beam 5 are firmly placed on each of the side frames, respectively. The supporting elements 13 are provided with conical rubber bushings 131. The first end 711 and the second end 712, the third end 721 and the fourth end 722 are suitably resiliently connected to the four supporting elements 13 by the conical rubber bushings 131. Specifically, for example, threaded holes 132 are made appropriately at the first end 711 of the first connecting rod 71 and the corresponding supporting element 13. The threaded hole 132 at the first end 711 coincides with the threaded hole 132 in the corresponding supporting element 13. The first the end 711 and the support member 13 are bolted together by engagement between the bolt 133 and the nut 134. A cotter pin 135 is inserted under the nut 134 to prevent unscrewing the bolt 133. A conical rubber sleeve 131 may be located between the threaded hole 132 and the bolt 133. Consequently, elastic joints the first connecting rod 71 and the second connecting rod 72 with side frames 1.

Fig. 5A is a front view of a box-mounted elastic positioning device of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 5B is a schematic view illustrating an enlarged structure of the axle box elastic positioning device of a freight car truck in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the freight wagon trolley further includes axle box elastic positioning devices 3 located between the bearing housings 12 and the side frames 1, for receiving between the bearing housings 12 and the side frames 1 longitudinal, transverse and vertical elastic deformation. The box-type resilient positioning device 3 includes an expandable rubber pad 31 corresponding in shape to the bearing housing 12, and an upper steel pad 32 and a lower steel pad 33 having the same shape as the expandable rubber pad 31. The expandable rubber pad 31 is placed between upper steel gasket 32 and lower steel gasket 33. Between the upper steel gasket 32, the expanding rubber gasket 31 and the lower steel gasket 33, combined connections are provided. The central part of the axle box elastic positioning device 3 is connected to the bearing housing 12 and the side frame 1 by means of a locating pin 34. The articulating elastic positioning device 3 carries out elastic positioning between the side frame 1 and the bearing housing 12.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the first connecting rod 71 and the second connecting rod 72 are placed in a plane in which the center line of the axles of the two wheel pair structures 2 is arranged.

In the carriage carriage of the present invention based on a three-element cast steel carriage, two connecting rods, i.e. the first connecting rod 71 and the second connecting rod 72, in an intersecting position inside the nadressornoj beams are used to connect the two side frames to each other. Two connecting rods are not connected in the middle section of the intersection. In accordance with the geometric principles, two connecting rods and two side frames form a mechanism of four connecting rods, thus, the side frames 1 and the wheel pair designs 2 maintain a rectangular shape and create a slight trapezoidal deformation when necessary. A mechanism of four connecting rods controls the front and rear, left and right displacements and the diamond-shaped deformation of the two side frames 1, i.e. the rigidity of the rhomboid deformation resistance of the freight wagon trolley is increased in order to further increase the operating speed of a three-element cast steel trolley. Moreover, box-shaped elastic positioning devices 3 are added between the side frames 1 and the bearing seats 12 to ensure stable longitudinal, transverse stiffness of the positioning, thereby improving the operation of the freight wagon when moving in a straight line and a curved line. At the same time, the unsprung mass carried by springs on bearing platforms on both sides of the bearings 12 can be reduced, and the abrasive wear of the side frames 1 and the bearings 12 is significantly reduced. Between the connecting rods and the side frames 1, elastic joints are provided. The side frames 1 can be rotated in the vertical direction relative to the connecting rods in order to improve the ability of the three-piece cast steel trolley to adapt to deviations of the railway track.

6 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a freight wagon trolley moving in a straight line in accordance with the present invention. When a freight car truck with connecting rods 200 moves in a straight line, the freight car truck with connecting rods 200 remains in a rectangular state due to the combined control action of the connecting rods and axle box-type elastic positioning devices. Wheel set designs always tend to move along the center line of the railway track under the influence of elastic restoring forces provided by axle box elastic positioning devices in order to increase the critical speed when the three-element cast steel trolley performs wave-like motion in a straight line.

7 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a freight wagon trolley moving in a curved line in accordance with the present invention. When a freight wagon trolley with connecting rods 200 moves along a curved line, under the influence of a slip moment between the wheels and rails, the wheel pairs tend to move in the radial direction due to longitudinal elastic deformation of axle box elastic positioning devices in order to improve the operation of the freight wagon trolley with connecting rods 200 when moving along a curved line and reduce the abrasive wear of wheel flanges. Specifically, axle box elastic positioning devices carry out elastic positioning between side frames and bearing seats and the functions of longitudinal, transverse and vertical elastic deformation. The box-mounted elastic positioning device has a radial effect during operation when moving along a curved line in order to reduce the angle of incidence of the flanges of the wheels between the wheels and the rails and to improve the operation of the freight car truck with connecting rods 200 when moving along a curved line. Moreover, axle box resilient positioning devices can also reduce unsprung mass and reduce the force of vertical impacts between wheels and rails, thereby extending the service life of wheels and steel rails.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 2, the nadressornoj beam 5 in the truck of the freight car of the present invention can be formed by pairing the upper and lower molds with embedded cores. The side frame 1 can also be formed by pairing the upper and lower molds with embedded cores. The whole wet luminescent magnetic powder control technology is adopted for external surface control of the pressure beam 5 and side frames 1, because the external surface control of the pressure beam 5 and side frames 1 is more accurate and reliable, thereby increasing safety and reliability when using the pressure beam 5 and side frames 1 and increasing the transporting efficiency of the wagon trolley.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, the main brake device in the carriage of the freight car of the present invention includes a composite brake beam 10. The composite brake beam 10 includes a single, arcuate beam, struts connected to the middle portions of the front the rod and the rear rod of the arcuate beam, and composite brake pads 9 with a high coefficient of friction, located at the two ends of the arcuate beam. The brake beam due to the implementation in the form of a combined solid forgings can solve the problem of inertial mass of a traditional steel channel or arcuate rod mobile brake beam in order to increase safety and reliability when using a brake device. In addition, on the outer surfaces of the composite brake pads 9 with a high coefficient of friction, sliders are additionally placed to move along the rail guides of the side frames 1. Wearing easily removable sleeves for the sliders are mounted on the sliders to increase the wear resistance between the sliders and the rail guides.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the freight wagon of the present invention further includes resilient double-acting side supports 6 with constant contact placed on two sides of the upper portion of the nadressor beam 5. Resilient double-acting side supports 6 with constant contact include side jacks supports, side bearing housings, pressed onto the jacks of the side supports, jacks for rollers located on the sides of the jacks of the side supports, and rollers mounted in the jacks for the rollers. Moreover, wear-resistant plates are placed on the upper surfaces of the housings of the elastic side supports 6 of double action with constant contact, so that the truck of the freight car and the car body can be rigidly connected. The use of double-acting resilient lateral bearings 6 with constant contact also increases the critical speed of the vehicle and ensures safe and stable operation of the vehicle during its service life.

In addition, referring to FIG. 2, the freight carriage of the present invention further includes a central plate of the dolly located in the middle region of the nadressore beam 5, and a wear pad 4 of the central plate of the dolly placed on the central plate of the dolly. The wear pad 4 of the trolley center plate is a polymer wear pad of the trolley center plate that can significantly reduce abrasive wear between the center plate at the bottom of the wagon and the trolley center plate on the overpressure beam of the wagon.

The present invention further provides a freight wagon. A freight wagon includes a wagon body and a freight wagon trolley, as described in the above embodiments. A freight wagon trolley is used to support a freight wagon body. In the technical solutions proposed in the embodiments of the present invention, the vertical and horizontal dynamic characteristics of the vehicle can be changed.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the above embodiments are given only to describe the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, modifications or equivalent replacements can still be made in the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, while such modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the relevant technical solutions to go beyond the idea and scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A freight car truck, comprising: two designs of wheelsets, two side frames located on the outside of the designs of the wheelsets, bearing housings located on the outside of the designs of the wheelsets and under the side frames, a sprung beam rigidly connected to the central regions of the two side frames, main brake devices located on both sides of the nadressornoj beam, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and
the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod X-shaped intersect, passing through the provided holes on both sides of the inner part of the pressurized beam, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are separated from each other in the intersection, the first connecting rod contains a first end and a second end , the second connecting rod contains a third end and a fourth end, while the first end and the third end are elastically connected to one of the side frames and are symmetrical mi relative to the center line of the nadressornoj beam, and the second end and fourth end are elastically connected to the other side frame and are symmetrical relative to the center line of the nadressornoj beam; and two support elements symmetrical with respect to the center line of the nadressornoj beam, rigidly placed on each of the side frames, respectively, while the supporting elements are provided with conical rubber bushings, and the first end and second end, the third end and fourth end, respectively, are elastically connected with support elements via tapered rubber bushings. 2. The truck of the freight car according to claim 1, in which the threaded holes are open at the first end and second end, the third end and fourth end and in the supporting elements, while the threaded holes at the first end and second end, the third end and fourth end, corresponding thus coincide with the threaded holes in the respective support elements, the four ends and the corresponding four support elements are bolted together by engagement between the bolts and nuts, while the cotter pins are inserted under the nuts to prevent vinchivaniya bolts and tapered rubber bushings are arranged between the threaded holes and bolts. 3. The freight car truck according to claim 1, further comprising: axle box elastic positioning devices located between the bearing housings and side frames to obtain longitudinal, transverse and vertical elastic deformation between the bearing housings and the side frames. 4. The freight car truck according to claim 3, in which the axle box elastic positioning device comprises: an expanding rubber gasket corresponding in shape to a bearing housing, and an upper steel gasket and lower steel gasket having the same shape as the expanding rubber gasket, this expanding rubber gasket is placed between the upper steel gasket and the lower steel gasket, and between the upper steel gasket, expanding rubber gasket and the lower steel gasket s combined compounds. 5. The truck of the freight car according to claim 4, in which the central part of the axle box elastic positioning device is connected to the bearing housing and the side frame using a locating pin. 6. The truck of the freight car according to claim 1, in which the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are placed in a plane in which the center line of the axles of the two wheelsets passes. 7. A freight car truck according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the nadressornoj beam is formed by pairing the upper and lower casting molds with embedded cores. 8. A freight car truck according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the side frame is formed by interfacing the upper and lower molds with built-in cores. 9. A freight car truck according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the main brake device comprises a composite brake beam and the composite brake beam comprises a single arcuate beam, racks connected to the middle sections of the front shaft and the rear shaft of the arcuate beam, and compound brake pads with a high coefficient of friction, located at the two ends of the arcuate beams. 10. The freight car truck according to claim 9, in which on the outer surfaces of the composite brake pads with a high coefficient of friction sliders are placed for sliding movement along the rail guides on the side frames, the sliders being inserted into the wear sleeves for the sliders. 11. A freight car truck according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: double-acting resilient lateral bearings with constant contact placed on both sides of the upper part of the nadressornoj beam, moreover, double-acting resilient lateral bearings with constant contact contain slots for side supports, side bearing housings, pressed onto the jacks of the side bearings, jacks for rollers located on the sides of the jacks of the side supports, and rollers mounted in the jacks for the rollers. 12. The truck of the freight car according to claim 11, in which wear-resistant plates are inserted into the upper surfaces of the double-acting elastic side supports with constant contact. 13. A freight wagon trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: a central plate of the trolley located in the middle of the nadressornoy beam, and a wear gasket of the Central plate of the trolley placed on the Central plate of the trolley. 14. A freight car, comprising: a car body and a trolley, the trolley being a freight car trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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