RU2514444C1 - Method of production of sustainable grass canopy for lawns - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises the use of biologically active additive which is used as a composition comprising a mixture in equal parts by volume of aqueous solutions of the following: a hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1·10^-3-3·10^-3 M (3.4·10^-2-10.2·10^-2 g/l), urea at a concentration of 1.5-2.5 g/l, oxidised corn starch at a concentration of 4.5-6.0 g/l. At that the seeds before sowing are soaked in the composition and the topsoil is moistened by it once with the depth of 2-3 cm at the initial stage of vegetation. For soaking of seeds before sowing, the 1 litre of composition per 30 g of seeds is taken. In case of adverse environmental conditions the additional processing with the said composition of aboveground plant surfaces is carried out at a rate of 400-500 l/ha.

EFFECT: method accelerates the growth of underground and aboveground parts of plants and provides grass canopy the high resistance to stressful situations.

3 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of accelerated formation of grass cover and increase their resistance to stressful situations (return frosts, moisture deficiency, heavy loads), and can be used in the creation and operation of lawns and sports turf fields.

The bearing capacity of sports lawns depends to a large extent on the formation of a stable type of grass cover, which in turn is determined by the rate of grass growth, the strength and branching of the plant root system, and their sensitivity to extreme environmental factors.

In the known methods for creating grass care and grass cover, plant growth regulators (RU 2025926, US 4435202), fertilizers (RU 2034818, RU 2100515), moisture-retaining compounds (RU 2148904) are used; great importance is attached to techniques that increase the access of oxygen and moisture to the roots (RU 2376737, 2273120) or the aerial parts of plants (US 6219965). To strengthen the turf, artificial structures are widely used: flexible cloths (RU 2201069) or multilayer lamellar structures (US 6219965).

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of creating grassy lawn cover and care for it, described in patent RU 2239985, A01G 7/06, E01C 13/00, A01G 1/00, 11/20/2004 (prototype). The prototype method includes the introduction into the soil before sowing seeds of porous structure-forming agents based on natural aluminosilicates and two bioadditives. The first bioadditive contains non-pathogenic living microorganisms Bejierickia fluminensis, Thielavia terrestris, it is introduced with the first watering or adsorbed on porous structure-forming agents. The second dietary supplement, which is a yeast autolysate, is added during subsequent watering.

The prototype method allows you to quite effectively increase the growth of green mass and roots, but does not provide increased resistance of the grass cover to such stressful situations as return frosts and moisture deficiency. In addition, this method is very difficult to implement and the complexity of obtaining used bioadditives.

The objective of the invention is to develop an effective way to create a stable grass cover for lawns using widely available components as a biologically active additive, which will be easy to use and provide grass cover with high resistance to stressful situations (return frosts, moisture deficiency, heavy loads).

The solution of this problem is achieved by the proposed method of creating a stable grass cover for lawns, including the use of a biologically active additive, in which a composition is used as a biologically active additive, which is a mixture in equal volume fractions of aqueous solutions: hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 -3 · 10 ³ M (3.4 · 10 ^-2 -10.2 · 10 ^-2 g / l), urea in a concentration of 1.5-2.5 g / l, oxidized corn starch in a concentration of 4.5-6, 0 g / l, while in this composition the seeds are soaked before sowing and one Multiples moisturize it topsheet depth of 2-3 cm of soil in the initial stage of growth.

To soak the seeds before sowing, take 1 liter of the specified composition per 30 g of seeds.

In the event of adverse environmental conditions, it is possible to carry out the treatment with the specified composition of the aerial surface of plants at a flow rate of 400-500 l / ha

The composition used in the proposed method as a biologically active additive consists of aqueous solutions of three environmentally safe and accessible biologically active substances: hydrogen peroxide (PV), urea (M) and oxidized corn starch (OCC).

It is known that PV is a non-toxic, environmentally safe and unique in many properties plant growth regulator (Korzinnikov Yu.S. Ecologically safe plant protection products. Vestnik RAAS. 1997, No. 2, p. 44-47; Apasheva L.M., Komissarov GG Effect of hydrogen peroxide on plant development. Izv. RAS, ser. Biol. 1996, No. 5, pp. 621-623; Komissarov GG Photosynthesis: physicochemical approach. M: URSS editorial, 2003. 224 c .; RU 2142707; RU 2172099). PV stimulates the formation of starch in the process of photosynthesis of higher plants (RU 2253235), allows you to protect plants from drought (RU 2423813), increases their frost resistance (RU 2264070).

M is one of the most effective nitrogen fertilizers containing nitrogen in an easily digestible form.

OCC has excellent adhesive properties and high adhesion to the surface of plant seeds. Due to its hydrophilicity, OCC is able to absorb moisture from the environment. OCC is an excellent carrier prolonging the action of substances adsorbed on it. It is known to use OCC or OCC in combination with PV to increase the salt tolerance of plants (RU 2445759). OCC is obtained by oxidizing substandard grains of corn in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst according to the method described in patent RU 2017750, C08B 30/18, C09J 103/02, 08/15/1994.

It is essential that OCC is readily soluble in water, the solution has a slightly alkaline reaction, which is optimal for a root habitat for growing lawn grasses.

It is known that PV in an aqueous solution gradually decomposes. We have studied the stability of PV in solution No. 1 - in the composition used in the proposed method, composition: 500 ml of PV solution at a concentration of 3 · 10 ^-3 M + 500 ml of solution M at a concentration of 1.5 g / l + 500 ml of solution OCC at a concentration of 4.5 g / l (PV concentration in solution No. 1 - 1 · 10 ^-3 M). For control, an aqueous PV solution with a concentration of 1 · 10 ³ M (solution No. 2) and a mixture in equal volumes of a PV solution in a concentration of 2 · 10 ^-3 M with a solution of M at a concentration of 1.0 g / l (solution No. 3) were prepared and with a solution of OCC in a concentration of 3.0 g / l (solution No. 4). Every 5 days for 25 days, the concentration of PV was measured by permanganatometry in an acidic medium. The experimental results are presented in table 1. As can be seen from the obtained results, in the composition used in the proposed method, the PV composition is more stable than in other aqueous solutions.

Table 1 The study of the stability of PV in various aqueous solutions, the concentration of PV · 10 ⁴ mol / l No. and composition of the solution Experience duration 5 days 10 days 15 days 20 days 25 days No. 1 PV + M + OKK 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.9 No. 2 PV 7.6 5.6 5.1 4.5 4.1 No. 3 PV + M 8.1 7.5 6.6 6.4 6.2 No. 4 PV + OKK 7.9 5.7 5.2 4.5 4.1

The proposed method was tested in laboratory conditions. As the main test object, meadow bluegrass, a well-known lawn-forming grass, which is widely used for the formation of grass cover for both park areas and lawn coverings in stadiums (Abramashvili G.G. from.).

Example 1

Dry bluegrass seeds were treated at a ratio of 30 g of seeds to 1 liter of solution: in the control, No. 1 with water; No. 2 with an aqueous solution of M at a concentration of 0.5 g / l; No. 3 with an aqueous solution of OCC at a concentration of 2.0 g / l; No. 4 with an aqueous solution of PV in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l; No. 5 with an aqueous solution of PV in a concentration of 1 · 10 ³ mol / l; No. 6 in the composition of the following composition: 500 ml of PV solution at a concentration of 3-10 ^-2 mol / L + 500 ml of solution M at a concentration of 1.5 g / L + 500 ml of a solution of OCC at a concentration of 6.0 g / L (PV concentration in solution No. 6 - 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l).

In experience - No. 7 in the composition of the following composition: 500 ml of PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / L + 500 ml of solution M at a concentration of 1.5 g / L + 500 ml of a solution of OCC at a concentration of 6 g / L; No. 8 in the composition of the following composition: 500 ml of PV solution at a concentration of 3 · 10 ^-3 mol / L + 500 ml of solution M at a concentration of 2.5 g / L + 500 ml of a solution of OCC at a concentration of 4.5 g / L.

After 24 hours, the swollen bluegrass seeds were transferred to a medium once moistened with test solutions and then regularly moistened with water, and grown in a culture cabinet with an adjustable lighting rhythm. Alternation of darkness-light - 12 hours. The temperature was maintained in the range of + 19-21 ° C. On the 30th day of growth, the plants were removed from the soil, the number of plants was counted, the maximum height of the aerial parts was measured, washed with tap water, dried and the average air-dry weight of the root and aerial parts of the bluegrass plant was determined.

Seed treatment and plant growth using an aqueous solution of PV at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / L (control No. 4) and control composition No. 6 containing PV also at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / L, led to a sharp inhibition of development plants - by the 30th day of the experiment, the proportion of viable plants did not exceed 2%, therefore, height measurements and weighing of the surviving plants were not carried out. A significant advance in the development and growth of plants compared with other control options was observed in the case of using the PV + M + OCC composition containing the indicated components in the declared interval — experiments No. 7 and No. 8, while the root system was more branched and strong. The results of weight measurement are presented in table 2, the results of measuring the height of the grass cover are presented in table 4. As can be seen from the obtained results, the claimed method, due to the growth-promoting properties of the composition used, leads to the accelerated formation of grass cover and a more branched root system: in comparison with the use of water, the maximum the height of bluegrass plants doubled, the increase in green mass was 61%, the increase in root mass was 74%.

table 2 The average air-dry weight (mg) of bluegrass plants on the 30th day of growth at a temperature of + 19-21 ° C according to example 1 No. of solution Solution composition Total weight Root weight Weight of aerial parts one Water 210 90 120 2 M 250 one hundred 150 3 OKC 240 120 120 four PV (10 ^-2 mol / l) - - - 5 PV (10 ^-3 mol / L) 290 120 170 6 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l 7 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 3.3 · 10 ^-4 mol / l 340 150 190 8 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l 350 157 193

Example 2

Bluegrass seeds were treated with the solutions of Example 1. After 24 hours, the swollen bluegrass seeds were transferred to a medium moistened with the tested solutions and cultivated in a culture cabinet with an adjustable rhythm of illumination. Alternation of darkness-light - 12 hours. The temperature was maintained in the range of + 19-21 ° C. On the fourth day, the seedlings were placed in a refrigerator with a temperature of + 3 ° С for 12 hours for quenching, then in a freezer with a temperature of -8 ° С for 24 hours, after thawing at + 3 ° С for 5 hours they were grown for 25 days in a culture cabinet on a medium moistened with water, and the maximum height of the grass cover was measured, and after drying, the air-dry weight of the root and aerial parts of the surviving plants was determined. When using PV in a concentration of 10 ^-2 mol / l - control No. 4 and No. 6 - almost all plants died during growing. In control No. 1 (water), the number of viable plants was 14%, in No. 2 and No. 3 - 20%, in No. 5 - 60%, in experiments No. 7 and No. 8 - 68% and 72%, respectively. The results of weight measurement are presented in table 3, the results of measuring the height of the grass cover are presented in table 4. As can be seen, the inventive method provides increased resistance of the grass cover to such a stressful situation as return frosts: in comparison with the control using water, the maximum height of bluegrass plants increased by 3.5 times, the increase in green mass was 90%, the increase in mass of the roots was 69%.

Table 3 The average air-dry weight (mg) of bluegrass plants on the 30th day of growth after freezing seedlings of swollen seeds at a temperature of -8 ° C according to example 2 No. of solution Solution composition Total weight Root weight Weight of aerial parts one Water 170 65 105 2 M 210 75 135 3 OKC 200 85 115 four PV (10 ^-2 mol / l) - - - 5 PV (10 ^-3 mol / L) 270 one hundred 170 6 PV + M + OKK
[PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l 7 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 3.3 · 10 ^-4 mol / l 300 110 190 8 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l 310 110 200

Table 4 The maximum height (cm) of bluegrass plants on the 30th day of growth at a temperature of + 19-21 ° C and after freezing at a temperature of -8 ° C No. of solution Solution composition + 19-21 ° C (example 1) -8 ° C (example 2) one Water 2.0 1.0 2 M 2.6 1.4 3 OKC 2.5 1.3 four PV (10 ^-2 mol / l) - - 5 PV (10 ^-J mol / L) 2.8 2.7 6 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l 7 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 3.3 · 10 ^-4 mol / l 3.8 3.4 8 PV + M + OCC [PV] in a solution of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l 4.0 3.5

Example 3

The seeds of lawn grass ryegrass were treated with the solutions of Example 1. After 24 hours, the swollen seeds were transferred to a medium once moistened with the tested solutions and cultivated, without further moistening, that is, in conditions of severe moisture deficiency in a culture cabinet with an adjustable rhythm of lighting. Alternation of darkness-light - 12 hours. The temperature was maintained in the range of + 19-21 ° C. On the 21st day of growth, the number of living plants was taken into account. In the control, from 6 to 28% of the plants remained (the best result using a PV solution in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l - control No. 5), in experiments No. 7 and No. 8 - 38% and 42%, respectively, that is, the claimed The method provides increased resistance of lawn grasses to such stressful situations as drought.

Thus, the proposed method of creating a stable grass cover for lawns accelerates the growth of the underground and aboveground parts of plants and provides the grass cover with high resistance to stressful situations (return frosts, moisture deficiency, heavy loads). In the method, as a biologically active additive, widely available components are used. The method is environmentally friendly, economical, easy to use.

Claims (3)

1. A method of creating a stable grass cover for lawns, including the use of a biologically active additive, characterized in that as a biologically active additive, a composition is used, which is a mixture in equal volume fractions of aqueous solutions: hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 -3 · 10 ^-3 M (3.4 · 10 ^-2 -10.2 · 10 ^-2 g / l), urea in a concentration of 1.5-2.5 g / l, oxidized corn starch in a concentration of 4.5-6, 0 g / l, while in this composition the seeds are soaked before sowing and once moisturize the upper layer of soil bina 2-3 cm at the initial stage of vegetation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for soaking the seeds before sowing take 1 l of the specified composition per 30 g of seeds. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event of adverse environmental conditions, an additional treatment is carried out with the specified composition of the aboveground surface of plants at a flow rate of 400-500 l / ha.