RU2514047C2 - Universal dry detergent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cosmetology, detergent compositions and discloses a universal dry agent in form of a powder containing ground parts of saponin-containing plants which release surfactants immediately upon activation, and specifically parts of a soap root or a soap tree in amount of 5-99.9 wt %. Natural auxiliary components which perform stabilising and anti-caking functions in the detergent are zeolite, ground mustard, salt, guar or quartz in amount of 0.1-95 wt %. The powder has particle size of 0.005-2000 mcm.

EFFECT: detergent is save for use, has a long shelf life, does not cake and is characterised by simple use of saponin-containing plants as a detergent base.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to cosmetics, cleansers and detergents used in everyday life for the purpose of washing the body, hands, hair, washing clothes, washing dishes and other household applications.

State of the art

There are many known products designed for cleaning, washing and washing - solid and liquid soaps, powders, gels, shampoos, pastes, scrubs, etc. of various composition. The main disadvantage of these products is that they are usually based on the use of synthetic surface-active substances (surfactants), phosphates and alkalis, which can cause allergic reactions and other diseases, as well as pollute the environment. These funds usually have a pronounced alkaline reaction, which is unfavorable for the human body. The alkaline environment also destroys the fabric, especially wool and silk. In addition, these products can contain chemicals that are not directly related to the cleaning or washing process, but are contained in the product, such as perfumes, preservatives, dyes, stabilizers, acidity regulators, foam regulators, etc., which can also harm health.

It is known to use surfactants from saponin-containing plants as a basis for the production of detergents. The generally accepted technology is the use of saponin-containing plants for the production of detergents, based on the preliminary extraction of saponin from the feedstock, for example by prolonged boiling or extraction ("Saponins as detergents", edited by A.Yu. Rabinovich, L., 1936) . Moreover, the raw materials are processed at various stages by a variety of chemical reagents, which significantly reduces its environmental safety and leads to increased energy costs for production. It should also be noted that saponins isolated from saponin-containing plants are unstable compounds and decompose fairly quickly. This factor necessitates the use of preservatives, stabilizers and other chemicals in the manufacture of detergents based on extracts of saponin-containing plants, which makes the product less safe and environmentally friendly. In addition, the high decomposition rate of the extract significantly reduces its effectiveness and does not allow to obtain products with stable washing characteristics.

It is known (Alferov V.P. Our natural protection // Encyclopedia of a young mother. Dec. 2009 - Jan. 2010, p.70) is a natural detergent in the form of dried sapindus fruits, used mainly for washing clothes. The disadvantages of this tool include the fact that for its use in order to wash the laundry, the fruits must first be placed in a special fabric bag, which is then placed in the drum of the washing machine or basin with the laundry. This bag must be removed immediately after washing from the washing machine or basin to prevent damage to the laundry.

However, the main disadvantage of this tool is that it is unsuitable for use without preliminary preparation for washing hands, body, hair, washing dishes or cleaning surfaces in everyday life. For these applications, the fruit must be pre-soaked, infused or boiled. In addition, there is no possibility of adding auxiliary components that improve the consumer properties of the detergent.

Thus, cosmetics and household chemical products are known that contain extracts of saponin-containing plants, for example, the shampoo "Granny Agafia's Recipes" with soap root extract and the Klar detergent with Mukorossi sapindus extract.

The disadvantage of such tools, in addition to the limited scope, is that the use of plant extracts entails the use of preservatives, stabilizers, emulsifiers and other excipients. In addition, extracts, as a rule, contain traces of chemicals that were used in the extraction process, and the extraction process itself is very energy-intensive. These factors are significant in the production of environmental household chemicals and cosmetics, where high demands are placed on naturalness, safety and environmental friendliness of products. The fraction of extracts in this product is small, and the foaming and washing properties of these detergents are achieved mainly through the use of other surfactants (including synthetic ones). This is due to the fact that extracts of saponin-containing plants have instability of the washing characteristics.

The group of powdery, ready-to-use means for cleaning bathtubs, toilets, gas and electric stoves of the Pemo-Lux type is widely known. The main disadvantages of these tools is a narrow scope (cleaning surfaces in everyday life), mainly the abrasive principle of their action, the use of alkalis and synthetic surfactants.

It is known (Melanie Sash, "Ayurvedic Secrets of Beauty", trans. From English., M., 2010, p.198-199) widespread use of herbal cleansing mixtures in Ayurvedic cosmetics. These products are intended for cleaning and washing skin and / or hair, but are not suitable for washing clothes, washing dishes, and other household applications. The main disadvantages of these tools is the narrow scope and the fact that the tool for its use also needs to be pre-cooked (steam, insist).

From patent No. RU 2199580 C2, 02.27.2003, a cleaning agent based on crushed natural amber is known, the main disadvantage of which is also a narrow scope (cleaning surfaces in everyday life) and mainly an abrasive principle of action. A narrow range of applications and predominantly abrasive cleaning methods is also possessed by the agent according to patent RU 2233159 C1, 07.27.2004.

There are similar means for the body, for example, the tool according to patent RU 2133604 C1, 07.27.1999. It has the same disadvantages: a narrow scope, low washing ability, due to the lack of surfactants, the absence of foam and the need for preliminary preparation.

A group of cleaning and washing agents is also known, which consists of dry natural components of plant or mineral origin. Such cleansers using various herbs are presented on the Russian market by several manufacturers. For example, a means for caring for scalp and hair according to patent RU 2190386 C1, 10.10.2002 (prototype). This product consists of zeolite 46.5%, bioactive herbal complex - 49, 84% and herbal raw materials - 3.66%.

The disadvantage of this tool is that it has weak detergent properties due to the lack of surface-active substances, does not have foaming properties and must be prepared beforehand: "The product is placed in a dish and poured with water at a temperature of 50-60 degrees to the state of liquid sour cream. Good mix and apply to hair previously washed with plain water. " Also, the disadvantages of the means known from patent RU 2190386, is that the already prepared solution cannot be stored for a long time, and the tool can only be used in the presence of hot water.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention was to develop a universal dry detergent and cleanser based on the crushed parts of saponin-containing plants with high functional characteristics, since the use of dry crushed parts of saponin-containing plants as a source of surfactant allows you to quickly obtain a washing solution directly in the process of application without preliminary preparation, to refuse to use extracts plants, guarantees the absence in the washing solution of extraneous chemical components s, provides a means of long shelf life simplifies and reduces the cost of the use of Saponin in plants as a basis for detergents and cleaning agents.

Thus, the technical result of the claimed invention is to expand the functional characteristics of the proposed tool, which in this case should include:

- universality, due to the wide range of its application, namely: hand washing, body washing, hair washing, washing dishes and washing in both manual and automatic modes, cleaning various surfaces and other household needs.

- safety of use for humans and the absence of harmful effects on the environment, due to its composition that does not require the content of auxiliary chemicals and consists exclusively of components of natural origin.

- long shelf life of the product, due to the invariability of the characteristics of the dry components of the product over a long period of time (when stored in a dry place) and the composition of the product.

- simplification and cheapening of the use of saponin-containing plants as a basis for detergents and cleaning products, due to the lack of a preliminary extraction of saponin and the preparation of a washing solution directly at the processing facility.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the universal dry detergent and cleanser, including vegetable raw materials, according to the invention as a source of surface-active substances contains dry milled parts of saponin-containing plants that release surface-active substances immediately at the time of use, namely, part of the soap root or soap tree with a particle size of from 0.005 to 2000 microns, and as auxiliary components that improve the consumer properties of the product and perform functions sorbent, perfume, filler, gelling agent, auxiliary washing agent, abrasive, agent to reduce water hardness, are used milled components of natural origin with a particle size of from 0.005 to 2000 μm, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

- ground parts of saponin-containing plants - from 5 to 99.9;

- auxiliary components - from 0.1 to 95.

In addition, zeolite of natural origin or clay of natural origin can be used as a filler, sorbent and agent to reduce water hardness.

It is contemplated that mustard powder or a naturally occurring salt may be used as filler and auxiliary detergent.

It is recommended to use guar as a gelling component.

It is also provided that quartz can be used as a filler, an abrasive component.

Along with this, it is recommended to use dried and ground parts of plants as filler and perfumes.

In addition, as auxiliary additives that improve the consumer properties of detergent, it is possible to use the above substances in various combinations.

The implementation of the invention

A universal dry detergent and cleanser is proposed, including vegetable raw materials, which as a source of surfactants contain dry milled parts of saponin-containing plants that release surfactants immediately at the time of use, namely, parts of a soap root or soap tree with a particle size of 0.005 up to 2000 microns, and as auxiliary components that improve the consumer properties of the product and perform the functions of a sorbent, perfume, filler, gelling agent, auxiliary detergent, abrasive, agent to reduce the hardness of the water, used milled components of natural origin with a particle size of from 0.005 to 2000 μm, in the following ratio, wt.%:

- ground parts of saponin-containing plants - from 5 to 99.9;

- auxiliary components - from 0.1 to 95.

As a filler, sorbent and agent to reduce water hardness, it is possible to use zeolite of natural origin or clay of natural origin. It is envisaged that as a filler and an auxiliary detergent you can use mustard powder or a salt of natural origin. It is recommended to use guar as a gelling component. As filler and abrasive component can be used quartz. In addition, it is recommended to use dried and ground parts of plants as a filler and fragrance.

In addition, as auxiliary additives that improve the consumer properties of detergent, it is possible to use these substances in various combinations.

The use of ground parts of saponin-containing plants as a source of surfactant avoids the stage of preliminary extraction of saponin and achieves the effect of the formation of a washing solution directly during use. An important role is played by the size of particle crushing. The smaller the size of the particles used, the more effective this method of use. It was experimentally established that with a particle size of less than 2000 μm, the main amount of saponin passes into an aqueous solution in a few seconds without additional exposure, which is acceptable for domestic purposes and allows you to abandon the existing practice of using saponin-containing plants, in which saponin is preliminarily extracted (using digestion or other extraction method). This effect is advisable to use as a basis for creating a finished dry detergent. In addition, a particle size of less than 2000 microns allows you to use the tool directly in automatic washing and dishwashers without the risk of damage.

From botany, a lot of saponin-containing plants are known. The most famous of them are soap tree (sapindus), horse chestnut, soap root, alpine violet, adonis, soapwort, cyanosis, licorice, primrose, dioscorea, aralia. However, most of these plants are not suitable as the basis for the preparation of dry detergent due to the fact that the content of saponin in their parts is unstable and / or too low, which makes it impossible to create crushed parts of a dry detergent based on them with certain characteristics. In connection with this fact, the greatest interest in creating a dry detergent based on the crushed parts of saponin-containing plants is represented by the fruits of the soap tree and soap root as plants with a stable high content of saponin (32-38%).

The washing properties of the crushed parts of saponin-containing plants practically do not change over time. Therefore, a dry powder form of the product, on the one hand, eliminates the use of preservatives, stabilizers and emulsifiers with a significantly longer shelf life of the product, and on the other hand, allows to achieve stable detergent and foaming characteristics of the product and the most effective use of surfactant, in contrast from funds based on extracts. Also, the powdery form of the product allows the use of many natural components in the original form as additives that improve consumer properties and expand the functional characteristics of the proposed tool. In general, the dry form of detergents and cleaners is quite widespread.

It should be noted that powder particles of soap tree fruit or soap root due to their high content of saponins (glycosides) have a pronounced caking ability. This feature prevents the use of the powder of these saponin-containing plants as an independent detergent, since this product cakes in a lump for a rather short period of time, which significantly worsens the consumer characteristics of the product and shortens the shelf life. However, the applicants unexpectedly found that the addition of auxiliary dry components of natural origin, in addition to performing the main function (filler, gelling agent, sorbent, auxiliary washing agent, perfume, agent to reduce the hardness of the water) allows to reduce the caking of the detergent powder, which allows you to create a detergent with long shelf life and good consumer characteristics (example 1, table 1). The invention is illustrated by the following example.

Example 1

To determine the change in the caking properties of a detergent based on saponin-containing plants, depending on the content of auxiliary additives, a powder was taken from dried fruits of a soap tree of Sapindus Trifoliatus variety as the most typical and widespread type of raw material.

As a method for investigating caking, a method of molding test samples under pressure with their subsequent destruction was chosen.

A 25 g sample of powder was placed in a cylinder with an internal diameter of 25 mm between two pistons. Then, a force of 1000 N was applied to the pistons. Then, the cylinder was subjected to vibrational impact, which lasted until the size of the sealed sample was stabilized. After the termination of the vibration exposure, the sample was kept under pressure for another 30 s and after that it was removed from the molding tube. Then the sample was destroyed. In this case, by the force necessary for the destruction of the sample, one can judge the degree of caking of the test sample.

A number of tests were carried out in which various auxiliary substances of natural origin were added to the powder of the fruits of the soap tree Sapindus Trifoliatus in the amount of 0.1, 1, 50 and 95% and the caking behavior of the resulting mixtures was measured. At the same time, as the normalizing force (100%), the force necessary to destroy the sample molded from Sapindus Trifoliatus powder without any additives was selected. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1
The degree of caking of S. Trrifoliatus powder depending on the content of auxiliary dry components of natural origin Component Content 0.1% one% fifty% 95% Zeolite 89% 56% 41% eighteen% Clay 97% 92% 79% 71% Mustard (powder) 96% 85% 65% 32% Salt 89% 56% 29% 6% Guar 96% 82% fourteen% 5% Quartz (sand) 90% 59% 44% one% Eucalyptus (dry leaves) 93% 71% 24% 6% Lemon (dry fruits) 97% 88% 76% 65% Mint (dry leaves) 91% 65% 29% 6%

As can be seen from Table 1, even a small addition of 1% auxiliary components can reduce the caking of detergent based on powder from the fruit of the soap tree S. Trrifoliatus by 44%.

Claims (1)

Universal dry detergent and cleanser, including plant materials and containing dry milled parts of saponin-containing plants as a source of surface-active substances, emitting detergent immediately at the time of use, characterized in that it contains parts of a soap root or soap tree and auxiliary components selected from groups: zeolite, mustard powder, salt, guar, quartz as stabilizing (anti-caking) agents, and parts of the soap root or soap tree and mogatelnye components have a particle size of from 0.005 to 2000 microns, with the following component ratio, wt.%:
- ground parts of the soap root or soap tree from 5 to 99.9;
- auxiliary components - from 0.1 to 95.