RU2513928C1 - Sandwiched gasifier of continuous action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in power engineering, chemical and electronic industries. Sandwiched gasifier is composed of a pit-type blow back plant and consists of fire chamber with cooled fire grate (1), continuous fuel feeder (2) and coke and ash discharge assembly (3) arranged at unit bottom. Feeder (2) and assembly (3) are composed by auger conveyor with both said feeder and assembly sealed. Fire grate (1) is composed by tubes carrying fluid and arranged inclined at solid fuel natural fall angle and bent backward at bottom. Protective screen (4) is mounted inside said fire chamber on the side of air feed assembly (5). Gasifier lateral side has gas removal assembly (6). Gasifier is fitted on axle (8) to turn from vertical to two sides to mate with the fire grate (1) turn angle.

EFFECT: simplified design, higher efficiency of solid propellant gasification.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, energy and the chemical industry and can be used to produce coke from coal.

Known methods of gasification of solid fuel in the apparatus of the mine type, providing for the sequential loading of fuel, gasification of fuel, removal of gasification products. The main disadvantage of such methods is that for continuous operation, it is necessary to install at least two or more devices that operate in sequence, as at the enterprises of Norilsk Nickel OJSC, Karbonika-F CJSC and others, which complicates the technical regulation and maintenance , requires large areas, large metal consumption, complicates the automation process. Also known is a method of continuous gasification of coal using the Thermocox-KS technology used by SUEK at a boiler room in Sharypovo. This method involves the continuous gasification of coal and the continuous removal of solid gasification products (ash, coke). The disadvantage of this method is that the process takes place in an open furnace, at atmospheric pressure, and the generator gas burns directly above the surface of the gasified fuel and cannot be separated, transported and used for further processing.

Known gasifier of solid fuel, made in the form of a reactor, which is a body of revolution with a vertical axis, containing devices for loading solid fuel and unloading gas and slag from it (patent RU 2315083 class. C10J 3/20 from 01/30/2006). This gasifier is multi-stage, each stage is equipped with a device for removing steam, located below the device for ignition and stabilization of combustion. The device for ignition contains an annular collector connected to the burner, which is made in the form of sections connected to the burner, and the burner is made in the form of a plasma torch. The gasifier is equipped with a device for supplying an oxidizing agent to the reactor. A device for supplying steam is made in the form of a collector.

However, this known gasifier is very complex in design and ineffective for producing coke.

According to patent RU 2299901 cl. C10B 49/00 of July 27, 2005, a device for processing solid fuel is known, which is a layer apparatus of a shaft type made in combination from the upper, middle and lower zones. The upper zone consists of a loading hatch, a gas outlet pipe, a water seal and an electrothermal device. The middle belt consists of a cylindrical body and a water jacket. The lower belt is made in the form of a truncated cone and consists of a discharge device, a grate, a device for supplying air and / or cooling gas and thermoelectric sensors.

The known device is ineffective in operation.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of gasification of solid fuels, such as coal, in a continuous mode in a sealed apparatus with the possibility of separate removal of generator gas and solid gasification products.

The technical result when using the invention is to create a gasifier of a simple design with increased efficiency in operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the layered gasifier, which is a mine-type apparatus on the reverse blast, the grate in the furnace is made of pipes cooled with flowing cold liquid.

The grill is installed obliquely at an angle of natural shedding of solid fuel. In the lower part, the grill is made with a bend in the opposite direction. The feeder for the continuous supply of fuel to the furnace is made, for example, in the form of a screw conveyor with sealing of the feed unit. On the air supply side, a protective net is installed in the furnace above the fuel layer, the thickness of which is of the required size. The grid is installed at a distance of at least two times the thickness of the gasification zone. In the middle side part, the gasifier is equipped with a gas removal unit. In the lower part it is equipped with a coke and ash shipment unit, for example, in the form of a screw conveyor with sealing of the shipment unit. Toothed sleeves are freely mounted on the pipes of the cooled grate, with a minimum gap between the neighboring diameters, rotating under the action of moving fuel, in order to avoid slagging of the grate. The gasifier is mounted on the axis with the possibility of deviation from the vertical axis in two directions within the variation of the angle of inclination of the grate, using a rotary mechanism.

Figure 1 simplified depicts a General view of the gasifier; figure 2 is a fragment of the grate with bushings.

Layer continuous gasifier consists of a furnace with a cooled grate 1, consisting of pipes through which cold liquid flows (not shown), a feeder 2 for continuous supply of fuel to the furnace, and a coke shipment unit 3. The fuel layer is limited by grid 4. On one side there is an air supply unit 5, and on the other, a unit for removing gases 6. Toothed sleeves 7 are located on the pipes of the cooled grate 1; The gasifier is mounted on axis 8 with the possibility of turning it into two sides by a rotary mechanism (not shown).

Layer continuous gasifier operates as follows.

Solid fuel, such as coal, continuously enters through the feeder 2 and, under the influence of gravitational force, enters the inclined grate 1, where the ignition process is preliminarily initiated, for example, with wood chips. Air under a pressure higher than atmospheric enters the apparatus through unit 5, penetrating through the fuel layer, and excites the process of the inverse thermal wave moving towards the air stream. Generating gas resulting from the process is discharged through the unit 6. The gasifier on the axis 8 sets the required angle α of inclination of the grate 1. The solid gasification products are removed through a sealed removal unit 3.

Additionally, in order to prevent slag formation, the grate 1 has a slope and bend in the opposite direction, and is also made in the form of pipes with coolant with gear sleeves mounted on the pipes 7 (figure 2), which rotate under the action of the forces of movement of fuel and remove solid products, coke and ash, from the gasification zone to the removal zone 3.

Claims (2)

1. A layered gasifier of continuous operation, which is a mine-type apparatus on a reverse blast, characterized in that in the furnace furnace the grate is cooled from pipes with flowing cold liquid, and the grate is installed obliquely at an angle of natural crushing of solid fuel, with a bend in the lower part in the opposite direction, the feeder for continuous supply of fuel to the furnace is made, at least in the form of a screw conveyor with sealing of the supply unit, from the air supply side in the furnace is installed protective net, in the middle side of the gasifier is equipped with a gas removal unit, and in the lower part is a coke and ash shipment unit, at least in the form of a screw conveyor, with a sealing of the shipping unit, while the gasifier is mounted on the axis with the possibility of deviation from the vertical two-sided axes within the variation of the angle of inclination of the grate, using a rotary mechanism. 2. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that toothed sleeves are freely mounted on the pipes of the cooled grate, with a minimum gap between adjacent diameters, rotating under the action of moving fuel, in order to avoid slagging of the grate.

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