RU2617230C2 - Portable plant-module for heat treatment of solid municipal wastes at the landfill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: portable plant-module for thermal processing of municipal solid wastes at the landfill, containing a metal-lined inside the rectangular housing-cap with a flat arch, equipped with lifting loops for transporting, edged by metal frame with a vertical band support, installed in the lower part along the outer perimeter of housing-cap and forming a channel for collecting gaseous products of the solid municipal waste processing, connected to the pipeline for gas supplying to the consumer. The plant equipped with radiant tubes, installed horizontally under the arch of the housing-cap, so that, the distance from the radiant tube upto the layer of municipal solid wastes does not exceed 0.5 m, connected by pipelines with the channel for collecting gaseous products of the municipal solid waste processing and with the pipeline supplying the starting gas fuel. The amount of radiant tubes and their relative position is determined from the condition of uniform and stable heating and thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste layer by radiant heat.

EFFECT: quality increase of the obtained fuel gas at the thermal processing of unsorted municipal solid wastes by module plant directly on the landfill.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) and can be used in the national economic complex for the disposal and destruction of waste while producing gaseous fuel.

Known devices for the disposal and destruction of unsorted and pre-sorted solid waste, which are a shaft-type furnace (reactor), containing a loading device, a lined housing with zones of drying, pyrolysis and gasification of the solid waste layer, equipped with openings for outputting gaseous products of processing, devices for preparation and supply of combustible gas to an external consumer and devices for removing unprocessed inorganics (patent for invention RU No. 2089786, IPC F23G 5/00, 1997, patent for invention RU No. 2089787, M PC F23G 5 / 00.1997, patent for invention RU No. 2201552, IPC F23G 5/027, F23G 5/14, 2003, patent for invention RU No. 2282788, IPC F23G 5/027, 5/24, 2006 , patent for the invention RU No. 2433344, IPC F23G 5/027, 5/14, 5/24, 2010).

The disadvantages of these devices are: low reliability due to freezing of the processed waste in the upper part of the gasification chamber, associated with the release of resins from the waste by pyrolysis gas rising from the bottom of the gasification chamber; the dependence of the thermal processing process on the gas permeability of the solid waste layer; the need for devices for loosening the solid waste layer during sintering; design complexity due to the presence of additional energy-intensive devices for producing a gasification agent.

Known devices for the thermal processing of solid waste operating in the combustion mode. The most common are direct-burning solid waste furnaces in an air stream on fixed or moving grates of a special design, located in a lined case equipped with gas burner devices (US patent No. 5265587, IPC F23H 07/04, 1993, patent for invention RU No. 2114357 , IPC F23G 5/00, 1998, patent for invention RU No. 2265773, IPC F23G 5/00, F23B 1/16, С04В 2/10, 2003).

The disadvantages of these devices are the obligatory availability of a system for the preliminary sorting and drying of solid waste, a complex and expensive system for the secondary treatment of flue gases due to the presence of dioxins and furans in them, as well as the rapid wear of the grate and their contamination with dust and tar particles.

Known devices for the thermal destruction of solid waste, which are cyclone furnaces decompressed and fluidized bed with a stream of heated air pre-sorted and crushed solid waste containing a lined housing with burner devices (patent for invention RU No. 224976, IPC F23G 5/00, 2002 ., patent for invention RU No. 2226468, IPC F23G 5/30, 2004).

The disadvantages of such devices are: the use of additional components and mechanisms for the implementation of the processes of separation and grinding of solid waste; creation of high speeds (not lower than 28 m / s) of the flow of the mixture of air and waste to organize a more complete combustion process.

All of the above devices for the thermal destruction of solid waste are installed permanently at the place of their processing with the possibility of transporting waste with their subsequent loading into the furnace, which leads to significant additional costs.

Known mobile plants for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste directly in landfills and landfills. The most common are rotary kilns operating in the combustion mode, equipped with gas burners and mounted on a tractor (patent for invention RU No. 2292515, IPC F23G 5/00, F23G 5/20, 2005, patent for invention RU No. 2456507, IPC F23G 5/20, 2011, patent for invention RU No. 2442931, IPC F23G 5/40, 2012).

The disadvantages of the plants are: low productivity of the incinerated waste, complexity and cumbersome equipment used.

The well-known "Portable installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the landfill" (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2536896, IPC F23G 5/40, 2014), adopted as a prototype, containing a metal lined inside a rectangular case-cap with a flat arch, on which gas burner devices were installed, framed by a metal frame with a vertical tape support installed in the lower part along the outer perimeter of the cap body and forming a channel for collecting gaseous products of processing solid household waste, soy Inonii pipes with gas burner devices, and to a conduit for supplying gas to the consumer. The metal frame has stiffeners. The lower edge of the metal tape support is made pointed. The cap body is equipped with mounting loops for transportation.

The disadvantages of the known installation are: the low quality of the resulting combustible gas due to the presence in it of components of the products of gas combustion from gas burners; complex arch design; insufficiently good heat transfer due to the presence in the working space of the furnace of triatomic gases, requiring energy for their heating.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of the resulting combustible gas during the thermal processing of unsorted solid waste by a modular installation directly at the landfill.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a portable unit-module for the thermal processing of solid household waste at the landfill, containing a metal lined rectangular case-cap with a flat vault, equipped with mounting loops for transportation, framed by a metal frame with a vertical tape support installed in the lower part of the outer perimeter of the cap body and forming a channel for collecting gaseous products of processing solid waste, connected to the pipeline for gas supply to the consumer is equipped with radiation pipes installed horizontally under the dome of the hood, so that the distance from the radiation pipes to the layer of municipal solid waste does not exceed 0.5 m, connected by pipelines to the channel for collecting gaseous products of processing municipal solid waste and the starting gaseous fuel supply pipeline, while the number of radiation pipes and their relative position are determined from the condition of ensuring uniform and stable heating and thermal azlozheniya layer of municipal solid waste by radiant heat.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a portable installation module for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the landfill; in FIG. Figure 2 shows a frame element with a support tape and a channel for collecting thermogas and a pipe for supplying thermogas to radiation pipes.

The following notation is used in the drawings: housing-cap 1, refractory material 2, arch 3, radiation pipes 4, frame 5, vertical tape support 6, stiffeners 7, mounting loops 8, channel 9 for collecting gaseous products of processing solid household waste (thermogas ), a pipeline 10 for supplying thermogas to the radiation pipes, a fitting for supplying thermogas to an external consumer 11, a fitting for supplying starting fuel 12 for heating the radiation pipes, a fitting for supplying thermogas 13 to the radiation pipe, a fitting for removing products eniya 14, air inlet fitting 15 combustion.

A portable unit-module for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the landfill contains a metal case-cap 1 of a rectangular shape, lined with refractory material inside 2. The case-cap 1 has a flat arch 3, under which radiation tubes 4 are mounted horizontally, mounted on the walls of the case. The number of radiation pipes 4 and their relative positions are determined from the condition of ensuring uniform heating and thermal processing of the solid waste layer, and the suspension height of the radiation pipes 4 above the solid waste layer should not exceed 0.5 meters. The cap body 1 is framed by a metal frame 5, with a vertical tape support 6. The metal frame 5 is installed horizontally in the lower part along the outer perimeter of the housing 1, the outer surface of the cap body 1 and the inner surfaces of the frame 5 and the tape support 6 form a channel 9 for collecting gaseous solid domestic waste products (thermogas). The connection of the housing-cap 1 with the frame 5 is reinforced with stiffeners 7 to ensure that the geometry of channel 9 is maintained. For introduction into the solid waste layer, the lower edge of the metal tape support 6 is made pointed in order to reduce the resistance when moving the installation in a vertical plane under the action of gravity as the layer is eliminated Solid waste. Channel 9 is connected to a pipeline 10 for supplying thermogas to the radiation pipes 4, which is equipped with a nozzle for supplying thermogas to an external consumer 11, a fitting for supplying starting fuel 12 for heating the radiation pipes 4, and a fitting for supplying combustion air 15. Radiation pipes 4 are equipped with nozzles for supplying thermogas 13 and fittings for the removal of combustion products 14. The housing cap 1 is equipped with mounting loops 8 for gripping the installation using a crane and moving it to another place in order to destroy the next portion of the MSW.

A portable installation module for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the landfill operates as follows. The installation is installed on the landfill directly on the MSW layer. The radiation pipes 4 are ignited by supplying starting gaseous fuel into them through the nozzle for supplying starting fuel 12 and air through the nozzle for supplying air 15. Radiation pipes transfer heat by radiation from the outer surface of the incandescent pipe to the MSW layer, excluding the contact of the MSW layer with the products of fuel combustion , which is diverted through the nozzle for removal of combustion products 14. Organized uniform radiant fluxes act on the solid waste layer, lead to its thermal decomposition at a temperature of at least 950 C. The thermal energy of the process extends deep into the layer, ensuring its gradual heating and drying. Gaseous products (thermogas) formed as a result of thermal decomposition of MSW come from the furnace chamber to the channel 9 for collecting gaseous products from below for subsequent supply to the external consumer through the nozzle 11 with a partial return to combustion in the radiation pipes 4 through the nozzle 13. After entering the operating mode, produce shutting off the supply of starting gaseous fuel to the radiation pipes 4, which will subsequently operate on a thermogas. The process is carried out until the complete destruction of a portion of solid waste. Then, the portable installation module for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste using a crane using mounting loops 8 is reinstalled at a different place on the landfill to eliminate the next portion of solid waste.

At the test site you can install a group of modules at the same time.

Thus, the use of the claimed invention allows to obtain high-quality gaseous fuel during thermal processing of unsorted municipal solid waste at the landfill.

Claims (1)

A portable unit-module for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the landfill, containing a metal lined rectangular case-cap with a flat arch, equipped with mounting loops for transportation, framed by a metal frame with a vertical tape support installed in the lower part along the outer perimeter of the cap-case and forming a channel for collecting gaseous products of processing solid waste, connected to the pipeline for supplying gas to the consumer, characterized in it is equipped with radiation pipes installed horizontally under the dome-cap arch, so that the distance from the radiation pipes to the municipal solid waste layer does not exceed 0.5 m, connected by pipelines to the channel for collecting gaseous products of processing municipal solid waste and with the starting supply pipe gaseous fuel, while the number of radiation pipes and their relative position are determined from the condition of ensuring uniform and stable heating and thermal decomposition of the solid layer x waste due to radiant heat.

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